The crystal structure of the human hepatitis B virus capsid

Molecular Cell

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 771-780

  Wynne, S A ^a   Crowther, R A ^a   Leslie, A G W ^a  

^a MRC LABORATORY OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPITOPE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; DIMERIZATION; GENE STRUCTURE; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN FOLDING; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; VIRUS CAPSID;

EID: 0033152857     PISSN: 10972765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)80009-5     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abrahams, J.P., and Leslie, A.G.W. (1996). Methods used in the structure determination of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase. Acta Crystallogr. D 52, 30-42.
2. Acharya, R., Fry, E., Stuart, D., Fox, G., Rowlands, D., and Brown, F. (1989). The three-dimensional structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus at 2.9Å resolution. Nature 337, 709-716.
3. Bairoch, A., and Apweiler, R. (1998). The SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank and its supplement TrEMBL in 1998. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 38-42.
4. Banner, D.W., Kokkinidis, M., and Tsernoglou, D. (1987). Structure of the Col E1 ROP protein at 1.7Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 657-675.
5. Birnbaum, F., and Nassal, M. (1990). Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid assembly: Primary structure requirements in the core protein. J. Virol. 64, 3319-3330.
6. Borisova, G.P., Berzins, I., Pushko, P.M., Pumpen, P., Gren, E.J., Tsibinogin, V.V., Loseva, V., Ose, V., Ulrich, R., Siakkou, H., and Rosenthal, H.A. (1989). Recombinant core particles of hepatitis B virus exposing foreign antigenic determinants on their surface. FEBS Lett. 259, 121-124.
7. Borisova, G., Arya, B., Dislers, A., Borschukova, O., Tsibinogin, V., Skrastina, D., Eldarov, M.A., Pumpens, P., Skryabin, K.G., and Grens, E. (1993). Hybrid hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid bearing an immunodominant region from hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J. Virol. 67, 3696-3701.
8. Böttcher, B., Wynne, S.A., and Crowther, R.A. (1997). Determination of the fold of the core protein of hepatitis B virus by electron cryomicroscopy. Nature 386, 88-91.
9. Böttcher, B., Dyson, M.R., and Crowther, R.A. (1998a). Finding the small difference: A nine amino acid extension to the hepatitis B core protein. Proc. Intl. Congr. Electr. Microsc. 14, 737-738.
10. Böttcher, B., Tsuji, N., Takahashi, H., Dyson, M.R., Zhao, S., Crowther, R.A., and Murray, K. (1998b). Peptides that block hepatitis B virus assembly: Analysis by cryomicroscopy, mutagenesis and transfection. EMBO J. 17, 6839-6845.
11. Caspar, D.L.D., and Klug, A. (1962). Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. XXVII, 1-24.
12. CCP4 (1994). Programs for protein crystallography. Acta Crystallogr. D 50, 760-763.
13. Cohen, B.J., and Richmond, J.E. (1982). Electron microscopy of hepatitis B core antigen synthesized in E. coli. Nature 296, 677-678.
14. Conway, J.F., Cheng, N., Zlotnick, A., Wingfield, P.T., Stahl, S.J., and Steven, A.C. (1997). Visualization of a 4-helix bundle in the hepatitis B virus capsid by cryo-electron microscopy. Nature 386, 91-94.
15. Conway, J.F., Cheng, N., Zlotnick, A., Stahl, S.J., Wingfield, P.T., Belnap, D.M., Kanngiesser, U., Noah, M., and Steven, A.C. (1998a). Hepatitis B virus capsid: Localization of the putative immunodominant loop (residues 78 to 83) on the capsid surface, and implications for the distinction between c and e-antigens. J. Mol. Biol. 279,1111-1121.
16. Conway, J.F., Cheng, N., Zlotnick, A., Stahl, S.J., Wingfield, P.T., and Steven, A.C. (1998b). Localization of the N terminus of hepatitis B virus capsid protein by peptide-based difference mapping from cryoelectron microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14622-14627.
17. Crowther, R.A., Kiselev, N.A., Böttcher, B., Berriman, J.A., Borisova, G.P., Ose, V., and Pumpens, P. (1994). Three-dimensional structure of hepatitis B virus core particles determined by electron cryomicroscopy. Cell 77, 943-950.
18. Dyson, M.R., and Murray, K. (1995). Selection of peptide inhibitors of interactions involved in complex protein assemblies: Association of the core and surface antigens of hepatitis B virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 2194-2198.
19. Esnouf, R.M. (1997). An extensively modified version of Molscript that includes greatly enhanced colouring capabilities. J. Mol. Graph. 15, 132-134.
20. Gamble, T.R., Yoo, S., Vajdos, F.F., von Schwedler, U.K., Worthylake, D.K., Wang, H., McCutcheon, J.P., Sundquist, W.I., and Hill, C.P. (1997). Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. Science 278, 849-853.
21. Grimes, J.M., Burroughs, J.N., Gouet, P., Diprose, J.M., Malby, R., Zientara, S., Mertens, P.P.C., and Stuart, D.I. (1998). The atomic structure of the bluetongue virus core. Nature 395, 470-47 8.
22. Holm, L., and Sander, C. (1993). Protein structure comparison by alignment of distance matrices. J. Mol. Biol. 233, 123-138.
23. Jones, T.A., Zhou, J.Y., Cowan, S.W., and Kjeldgaard, M. (1991). Improved methods for building protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models. Acta Crystallogr. A 47, 110-119.
24. Kenney, J.M., von Bonsdorff, C.-H., Nassal, M., and Fuller, S.D. (1995). Evolutionary conservation in the hepatitis B virus core structure: Comparison of human and duck cores. Structure 3, 1009-1019.
25. König, S., Beterams, G., and Nassal, M. (1998). Mapping of homologous interaction sites in the hepatitis B virus core protein. J. Virol 72, 4997-5005.
26. Laskowski, R.A., MacArthur, M.W., Moss, D.S., and Thornton, J.M. (1993). A program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 26, 283-291.
27. Leslie, A.G.W. (1992). Recent changes to the MOSFLM package for processing film and image plate data. In Joint CCP4 and ESF-EACMB Newsletter on Protein Crystallography No. 26 (Warrington, UK: SERC, Daresbury Laboratory).
28. McKenna, R., Xia, D., Willingmann, P., Ilg, L.L., Krishnaswamy, S., Rossmann, M.G., Olson, N.H., Baker, T.S., and Incardona, N.L. (1992). Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage ΦX174 and its functional implications. Nature 355, 137-143.
29. Momany, C., Kovari, L.C., Prongay, A.J., Keller, W., Gitti, R.K., Lee, B.M., Gorbalenya, A.E., Tong, L., McCiure, J., Ehrlich, L.S., et al. (1996). Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 763-770.
30. Nassal, M., and Schaller, H. (1993). Hepatitis B virus replication. Trends Microbiol. 1, 221-228.
31. Nassal, M., Rieger, A., and Steinau, O. (1992). Topological analysis of the hepatitis B virus core particle by cysteine-cysteine cross-linking. J. Mol. Biol. 225, 1013-1025.
32. Pumpens, P., and Grens, E. (1999). Hepatitis B core particles as a universal display model: A structure-function basis for development. FEBS Lett. 442, 1-6.
33. Pushko, P., Sällberg, M., Borisova, G., Rudén, U., Bichko, V., Wahren, B., Pumpens, P., and Magnius, L. (1994). Identification of hepatitis B virus core protein regions exposed or internalized at the surface of HBcAg particles by scanning with monoclonal antibodies. Virology 202, 912-920.
34. Read, R.J. (1986). Improved fourier coefficients for maps using phases from partial structures with errors. Acta Crystallogr. A 42, 140-149.
35. Rice, L.M., and Brünger, A.T. (1994). Torsion angle dynamics: Reduced variable conformational sampling enhances crystallographic structure refinement. Proteins 19, 277-290.
36. Salfeld, J., Pfaff, E., Noah, M., and Schaller, H. (1989). Antigenic determinants and functional domains in core antigen and e antigen from hepatitis B virus. J. Virol. 63, 798-808.
37. Sällberg, M., Rudén, U., Magnius, L.O., Harthus, H.P., Noah, M., and Wahren, B. (1991). Characterization of a linear binding site for a monoclonal antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. J. Med. Virol. 33, 248-252.
38. Schödel, F., Moriarty, A.M., Peterson, D.L., Zheng, J., Hughes, J.L., Will, H., Leturcq, D.J., McGee, J.S., and Milich, D.R. (1992). The position of heterologous epitopes inserted in hepatitis B virus core particles determines their immunogenicity. J. Virol. 66, 106-114.
39. Seifer, M., and Standring, D.N. (1994). A protease-sensitive hinge linking the two domains of the hepatitis B virus core protein is exposed on the viral capsid surface. J. Virol. 68, 5548-5555.
40. Tong, L., and Rossmann, M.G. (1997). Rotation function calculations with GLRF program. Methods Enzymol. 276, 594-611
41. Ulrich, R., Nassal, M., Meisel, H., and Krüger, D.H. (1998). Core particles of hepatitis B virus as carrier for foreign epitopes. Adv. Virus Res. 50, 141-182.
42. Valegård, K., Liljas, L., Fridborg, K., and Unge, T. (1990). The three-dimensional structure of the bacterial virus MS2. Nature 345, 36-41.
43. Varughese, K.I., Madhusudan, Zhou, X.Z., Whiteley, J.M., and Hoch, J.A. (1998). Formation of a novel four-helix bundle and molecular recognition sites by dimerization of a response regulator phosphotransferase. Mol. Cell 2, 485-493.
44. Wynne, S.A., Leslie, A.G.W., Butler, P.J.G., and Crowther, R.A. (1999). Crystallisation of hepatitis B virus core protein shells, determination of cryoprotectant conditions and preliminary X-ray characterisation. Acta Crystallogr. D 55, 557-560.
45. Zheng, J., Schödel, F., and Peterson, D.L. (1992). The structure of hepadnaviral core antigens. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9422-9429.
46. Zhou, S., and Standring, D.N. (1992). Hepatitis B virus capsid particles are assembled from core-protein dimer precursors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 10046-10050.
47. Zlotnick, A., Cheng, N., Conway, J.F., Booy, F.P., Steven, A.C., Stahl, S.J., and Wingfield, P.T. (1996). Dimorphism of hepatitis B virus capsids is strongly influenced by the C-terminus of the capsid protein. Biochemistry 35, 7412-7421.
48. Zlotnick, A., Cheng, N., Stahl, S.J., Conway, J.F., Steven, A.C., and Wingfield, P.T. (1997). Localization of the C terminus of the assembly domain of hepatitis B virus capsid protein: Implications for morphogenesis and organization of encapsidated RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9556-9561.
49. Zlotnick, A., Stahl, S.J., Wingfield, P.T., Conway, J.F., Cheng, N., and Steven, A.C. (1998). Shared motifs of the capsid proteins of hepadnaviruses and retroviruses suggest a common evolutionary origin. FEBS Lett. 431, 301-304.