메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 127, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 164-176

Hepatitis B virus genetic variability and evolution

Author keywords

Evolution; Genetics; Genotypes; HBV; Mutations; Serotypes

Indexed keywords

ADEFOVIR; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; EMTRICITABINE; ENTECAVIR; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; LAMIVUDINE; PEGINTERFERON; TELBIVUDINE; TENOFOVIR;

EID: 34447500303     PISSN: 01681702     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (235)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0029027610 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring core-gene-defective hepatitis B viruses
    • Akarca U.S., and Lok A.S. Naturally occurring core-gene-defective hepatitis B viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 76 Pt 7 (1995) 1821-1826
    • (1995) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.76 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1821-1826
    • Akarca, U.S.1    Lok, A.S.2
  • 2
    • 0034824240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic origin of hepatitis B virus strains with precore C-1858 variant
    • Alestig E., Hannoun C., Horal P., and Lindh M. Phylogenetic origin of hepatitis B virus strains with precore C-1858 variant. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39 9 (2001) 3200-3203
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 3200-3203
    • Alestig, E.1    Hannoun, C.2    Horal, P.3    Lindh, M.4
  • 3
    • 0030898479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and selection of HBV variants in an anti-HBe positive patient persistently infected with quasi-species
    • Alexopoulou A., Karayiannis P., Hadziyannis S.J., Aiba N., and Thomas H.C. Emergence and selection of HBV variants in an anti-HBe positive patient persistently infected with quasi-species. J. Hepatol. 26 4 (1997) 748-753
    • (1997) J. Hepatol. , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 748-753
    • Alexopoulou, A.1    Karayiannis, P.2    Hadziyannis, S.J.3    Aiba, N.4    Thomas, H.C.5
  • 6
    • 0036330525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America
    • Arauz-Ruiz P., Norder H., Robertson B.H., and Magnius L.O. Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America. J. Gen. Virol. 83 Pt 8 (2002) 2059-2073
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 2059-2073
    • Arauz-Ruiz, P.1    Norder, H.2    Robertson, B.H.3    Magnius, L.O.4
  • 7
    • 2342433984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of the HBV and HIV polymerase, and antiviral resistance mutations
    • Bartholomeusz A., Tehan B.G., and Chalmers D.K. Comparisons of the HBV and HIV polymerase, and antiviral resistance mutations. Antivir. Ther. 9 2 (2004) 149-160
    • (2004) Antivir. Ther. , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-160
    • Bartholomeusz, A.1    Tehan, B.G.2    Chalmers, D.K.3
  • 9
    • 0029829534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two core promotor mutations identified in a hepatitis B virus strain associated with fulminant hepatitis result in enhanced viral replication
    • Baumert T.F., Rogers S.A., Hasegawa K., and Liang T.J. Two core promotor mutations identified in a hepatitis B virus strain associated with fulminant hepatitis result in enhanced viral replication. J. Clin. Invest. 98 10 (1996) 2268-2276
    • (1996) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 2268-2276
    • Baumert, T.F.1    Rogers, S.A.2    Hasegawa, K.3    Liang, T.J.4
  • 10
    • 0030778413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preS mutation isolated from a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection leads to virus retention and misassembly
    • Bock C.T., Tillmann H.L., Maschek H.J., Manns M.P., and Trautwein C. A preS mutation isolated from a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection leads to virus retention and misassembly. Gastroenterology 113 6 (1997) 1976-1982
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , Issue.6 , pp. 1976-1982
    • Bock, C.T.1    Tillmann, H.L.2    Maschek, H.J.3    Manns, M.P.4    Trautwein, C.5
  • 11
    • 0016770768 scopus 로고
    • Serotypes of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag): the problem of "new" determinants, as exemplified by "t"
    • Bouvier G.L., and Williams A. Serotypes of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag): the problem of "new" determinants, as exemplified by "t". Am. J. Med. Sci. 270 1 (1975) 165-171
    • (1975) Am. J. Med. Sci. , vol.270 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-171
    • Bouvier, G.L.1    Williams, A.2
  • 12
    • 0030879649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a frequent double-nucleotide basal core promoter mutation and its putative single-nucleotide precursor mutations on hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication
    • Buckwold V.E., Xu Z., Yen T.S., and Ou J.H. Effects of a frequent double-nucleotide basal core promoter mutation and its putative single-nucleotide precursor mutations on hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication. J. Gen. Virol. 78 Pt 8 (1997) 2055-2065
    • (1997) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.78 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 2055-2065
    • Buckwold, V.E.1    Xu, Z.2    Yen, T.S.3    Ou, J.H.4
  • 13
    • 0024427902 scopus 로고
    • Mutation preventing formation of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
    • Carman W.F., Jacyna M.R., Hadziyannis S., Karayiannis P., McGarvey M.J., Makris A., and Thomas H.C. Mutation preventing formation of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Lancet 2 8663 (1989) 588-591
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8663 , pp. 588-591
    • Carman, W.F.1    Jacyna, M.R.2    Hadziyannis, S.3    Karayiannis, P.4    McGarvey, M.J.5    Makris, A.6    Thomas, H.C.7
  • 14
    • 0029034319 scopus 로고
    • Fulminant reactivation of hepatitis B due to envelope protein mutant that escaped detection by monoclonal HBsAg ELISA [see comments]
    • Carman W.F., Korula J., Wallace L., MacPhee R., Mimms L., and Decker R. Fulminant reactivation of hepatitis B due to envelope protein mutant that escaped detection by monoclonal HBsAg ELISA [see comments]. Lancet 345 8962 (1995) 1406-1407
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , Issue.8962 , pp. 1406-1407
    • Carman, W.F.1    Korula, J.2    Wallace, L.3    MacPhee, R.4    Mimms, L.5    Decker, R.6
  • 16
    • 0029859298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F
    • Casey J.L., Niro G.A., Engle R.E., Vega A., Gomez H., McCarthy M., Watts D.M., Hyams K.C., and Gerin J.L. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J. Infect. Dis. 174 5 (1996) 920-926
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , Issue.5 , pp. 920-926
    • Casey, J.L.1    Niro, G.A.2    Engle, R.E.3    Vega, A.4    Gomez, H.5    McCarthy, M.6    Watts, D.M.7    Hyams, K.C.8    Gerin, J.L.9
  • 17
    • 0029060744 scopus 로고
    • Overlapping initiator and TATA box functions in the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus
    • Chen I.H., Huang C.J., and Ting L.P. Overlapping initiator and TATA box functions in the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus. J. Virol. 69 6 (1995) 3647-3657
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 3647-3657
    • Chen, I.H.1    Huang, C.J.2    Ting, L.P.3
  • 19
    • 0034988595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine- and hepatitis B immune globulin-induced escape mutations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen
    • Cooreman M.P., Leroux-Roels G., and Paulij W.P. Vaccine- and hepatitis B immune globulin-induced escape mutations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J. Biomed. Sci. 8 3 (2001) 237-247
    • (2001) J. Biomed. Sci. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-247
    • Cooreman, M.P.1    Leroux-Roels, G.2    Paulij, W.P.3
  • 20
    • 0032731783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the reactivity pattern of murine monoclonal antibodies against wild-type hepatitis B surface antigen to G145R and other naturally occurring "a" loop escape mutations
    • Cooreman M.P., van Roosmalen M.H., te Morsche R., Sunnen C.M., de Ven E.M., Jansen J.B., Tytgat G.N., de Wit P.L., and Paulij W.P. Characterization of the reactivity pattern of murine monoclonal antibodies against wild-type hepatitis B surface antigen to G145R and other naturally occurring "a" loop escape mutations. Hepatology 30 5 (1999) 1287-1292
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Cooreman, M.P.1    van Roosmalen, M.H.2    te Morsche, R.3    Sunnen, C.M.4    de Ven, E.M.5    Jansen, J.B.6    Tytgat, G.N.7    de Wit, P.L.8    Paulij, W.P.9
  • 21
    • 0020981962 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg: a study of their specificities for eight different HBsAg subtypes
    • Courouce A.M., Lee H., Drouet J., Canavaggio M., and Soulier J.P. Monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg: a study of their specificities for eight different HBsAg subtypes. Dev. Biol. Stand. 54 (1983) 527-534
    • (1983) Dev. Biol. Stand. , vol.54 , pp. 527-534
    • Courouce, A.M.1    Lee, H.2    Drouet, J.3    Canavaggio, M.4    Soulier, J.P.5
  • 22
    • 0035041976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC)
    • Das K., Xiong X., Yang H., Westland C.E., Gibbs C.S., Sarafianos S.G., and Arnold E. Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). J. Virol. 75 10 (2001) 4771-4779
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , Issue.10 , pp. 4771-4779
    • Das, K.1    Xiong, X.2    Yang, H.3    Westland, C.E.4    Gibbs, C.S.5    Sarafianos, S.G.6    Arnold, E.7
  • 24
    • 0142092372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatitis B virus polymerase mutation rtV173L is selected during lamivudine therapy and enhances viral replication in vitro
    • Delaney W.E.t., Yang H., Westland C.E., Das K., Arnold E., Gibbs C.S., Miller M.D., and Xiong S. The hepatitis B virus polymerase mutation rtV173L is selected during lamivudine therapy and enhances viral replication in vitro. J. Virol. 77 21 (2003) 11833-11841
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , Issue.21 , pp. 11833-11841
    • Delaney, W.E.t.1    Yang, H.2    Westland, C.E.3    Das, K.4    Arnold, E.5    Gibbs, C.S.6    Miller, M.D.7    Xiong, S.8
  • 25
    • 1642579711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clade analysis and surface antigen polymorphism of hepatitis B virus American genotypes
    • Devesa M., Rodriguez C., Leon G., Liprandi F., and Pujol F.H. Clade analysis and surface antigen polymorphism of hepatitis B virus American genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 72 3 (2004) 377-384
    • (2004) J. Med. Virol. , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-384
    • Devesa, M.1    Rodriguez, C.2    Leon, G.3    Liprandi, F.4    Pujol, F.H.5
  • 26
    • 0035115032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genotype distribution among chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in Shanghai, China
    • Ding X., Mizokami M., Yao G., Xu B., Orito E., Ueda R., and Nakanishi M. Hepatitis B virus genotype distribution among chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in Shanghai, China. Intervirology 44 1 (2001) 43-47
    • (2001) Intervirology , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Ding, X.1    Mizokami, M.2    Yao, G.3    Xu, B.4    Orito, E.5    Ueda, R.6    Nakanishi, M.7
  • 27
    • 0027295660 scopus 로고
    • Infectious hepatitis B virus variant defective in pre-S2 protein expression in a chronic carrier
    • Fernholz D., Galle P.R., Stemler M., Brunetto M., Bonino F., and Will H. Infectious hepatitis B virus variant defective in pre-S2 protein expression in a chronic carrier. Virology 194 1 (1993) 137-148
    • (1993) Virology , vol.194 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-148
    • Fernholz, D.1    Galle, P.R.2    Stemler, M.3    Brunetto, M.4    Bonino, F.5    Will, H.6
  • 28
    • 0024995815 scopus 로고
    • High genomic variability in the pre-C region of hepatitis B virus in anti-HBe, HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis
    • Fiordalisi G., Cariani E., Mantero G., Zanetti A., Tanzi E., Chiaramonte M., and Primi D. High genomic variability in the pre-C region of hepatitis B virus in anti-HBe, HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 31 4 (1990) 297-300
    • (1990) J. Med. Virol. , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-300
    • Fiordalisi, G.1    Cariani, E.2    Mantero, G.3    Zanetti, A.4    Tanzi, E.5    Chiaramonte, M.6    Primi, D.7
  • 29
    • 0028267526 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus C gene heterogeneity in a familial cluster of anti-HBc negative chronic carriers
    • Fiordalisi G., Primi D., Tanzi E., Magni E., Incarbone C., Zanetti A.R., and Cariani E. Hepatitis B virus C gene heterogeneity in a familial cluster of anti-HBc negative chronic carriers. J. Med. Virol. 42 2 (1994) 109-114
    • (1994) J. Med. Virol. , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-114
    • Fiordalisi, G.1    Primi, D.2    Tanzi, E.3    Magni, E.4    Incarbone, C.5    Zanetti, A.R.6    Cariani, E.7
  • 30
    • 0032922415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the basic core promotor and the precore region of hepatitis B virus and their selection in children with fulminant and chronic hepatitis B
    • Friedt M., Gerner P., Lausch E., Trubel H., Zabel B., and Wirth S. Mutations in the basic core promotor and the precore region of hepatitis B virus and their selection in children with fulminant and chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 29 4 (1999) 1252-1258
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 1252-1258
    • Friedt, M.1    Gerner, P.2    Lausch, E.3    Trubel, H.4    Zabel, B.5    Wirth, S.6
  • 31
    • 0020086522 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: comparison with hepatitis B virus sequence
    • Galibert F., Chen T.N., and Mandart E. Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: comparison with hepatitis B virus sequence. J. Virol. 41 (1982) 51-65
    • (1982) J. Virol. , vol.41 , pp. 51-65
    • Galibert, F.1    Chen, T.N.2    Mandart, E.3
  • 32
    • 0018728052 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in E. coli
    • Galibert F., Mandart E., Fitoussi F., Tiollais P., and Charnay P. Nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in E. coli. Nature 280 (1979) 646-650
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 646-650
    • Galibert, F.1    Mandart, E.2    Fitoussi, F.3    Tiollais, P.4    Charnay, P.5
  • 33
    • 0001435504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication
    • Knipe D., Howley P., Griffin D., Lamb R., Martin M., Roizman B., and Strauss S. (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA
    • Ganem D., and Schneider R. Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Knipe D., Howley P., Griffin D., Lamb R., Martin M., Roizman B., and Strauss S. (Eds). Fields virology. fourth ed. (2001), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 2923-2969
    • (2001) Fields virology. fourth ed. , pp. 2923-2969
    • Ganem, D.1    Schneider, R.2
  • 34
    • 0032565656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatitis B virus seroconversion to anti-HBe is frequently associated with HBV genotype changes and selection of preS2-defective particles in chronically infected children
    • Gerner P.R., Friedt M., Oettinger R., Lausch E., and Wirth S. The hepatitis B virus seroconversion to anti-HBe is frequently associated with HBV genotype changes and selection of preS2-defective particles in chronically infected children. Virology 245 1 (1998) 163-172
    • (1998) Virology , vol.245 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-172
    • Gerner, P.R.1    Friedt, M.2    Oettinger, R.3    Lausch, E.4    Wirth, S.5
  • 35
    • 0343406745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus S mutants in liver transplant recipients who were reinfected despite hepatitis B immune globulin prophylaxis
    • Ghany M.G., Ayola B., Villamil F.G., Gish R.G., Rojter S., Vierling J.M., and Lok A.S. Hepatitis B virus S mutants in liver transplant recipients who were reinfected despite hepatitis B immune globulin prophylaxis. Hepatology 27 1 (1998) 213-222
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 213-222
    • Ghany, M.G.1    Ayola, B.2    Villamil, F.G.3    Gish, R.G.4    Rojter, S.5    Vierling, J.M.6    Lok, A.S.7
  • 36
    • 0034026890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus variants in nonhuman primates
    • Grethe S., Heckel J.O., Rietschel W., and Hufert F.T. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus variants in nonhuman primates. J. Virol. 74 11 (2000) 5377-5381
    • (2000) J. Virol. , vol.74 , Issue.11 , pp. 5377-5381
    • Grethe, S.1    Heckel, J.O.2    Rietschel, W.3    Hufert, F.T.4
  • 37
    • 0031821032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of unusual escape variants of hepatitis B virus isolated from a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative subject
    • Grethe S., Monazahian M., Bohme I., and Thomssen R. Characterization of unusual escape variants of hepatitis B virus isolated from a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative subject. J. Virol. 72 9 (1998) 7692-7696
    • (1998) J. Virol. , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 7692-7696
    • Grethe, S.1    Monazahian, M.2    Bohme, I.3    Thomssen, R.4
  • 38
    • 17544403729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of hepatitis B virus populations in an interferon-alpha-treated patient reveals predominant mutations in the C-gene and changing e-antigenicity
    • Gunther S., Paulij W., Meisel H., and Will H. Analysis of hepatitis B virus populations in an interferon-alpha-treated patient reveals predominant mutations in the C-gene and changing e-antigenicity. Virology 244 1 (1998) 146-160
    • (1998) Virology , vol.244 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-160
    • Gunther, S.1    Paulij, W.2    Meisel, H.3    Will, H.4
  • 39
    • 0029914072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type, prevalence, and significance of core promoter/enhancer II mutations in hepatitis B viruses from immunosuppressed patients with severe liver disease
    • Gunther S., Piwon N., Iwanska A., Schilling R., Meisel H., and Will H. Type, prevalence, and significance of core promoter/enhancer II mutations in hepatitis B viruses from immunosuppressed patients with severe liver disease. J. Virol. 70 12 (1996) 8318-8331
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , Issue.12 , pp. 8318-8331
    • Gunther, S.1    Piwon, N.2    Iwanska, A.3    Schilling, R.4    Meisel, H.5    Will, H.6
  • 40
    • 0020550570 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of liver disease, nuclear HBcAg, viral replication, and hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of HBeAg Vs. anti-HBe positive carriers of hepatitis B virus
    • Hadziyannis S.J., Lieberman H.M., Karvountzis G.G., and Shafritz D.A. Analysis of liver disease, nuclear HBcAg, viral replication, and hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of HBeAg Vs. anti-HBe positive carriers of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 3 5 (1983) 656-662
    • (1983) Hepatology , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 656-662
    • Hadziyannis, S.J.1    Lieberman, H.M.2    Karvountzis, G.G.3    Shafritz, D.A.4
  • 41
    • 0027979134 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced replication of a hepatitis B virus mutant associated with an epidemic of fulminant hepatitis
    • Hasegawa K., Huang J., Rogers S.A., Blum H.E., and Liang T.J. Enhanced replication of a hepatitis B virus mutant associated with an epidemic of fulminant hepatitis. J. Virol. 68 3 (1994) 1651-1659
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 1651-1659
    • Hasegawa, K.1    Huang, J.2    Rogers, S.A.3    Blum, H.E.4    Liang, T.J.5
  • 42
    • 0028946153 scopus 로고
    • A unique insertion in the S gene of surface antigen-negative hepatitis B virus Chinese carriers
    • Hou J.L., Karayiannis P., Waters J., Luo K.X., Liang C.S., and Thomas H.C. A unique insertion in the S gene of surface antigen-negative hepatitis B virus Chinese carriers. Hepatology 21 2 (1995) 273-278
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 273-278
    • Hou, J.L.1    Karayiannis, P.2    Waters, J.3    Luo, K.X.4    Liang, C.S.5    Thomas, H.C.6
  • 43
    • 4644250358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of hepatitis B surface variant infection in children 15 years after a nationwide vaccination programme in Taiwan
    • Hsu H.Y., Chang M.H., Ni Y.H., and Chen H.L. Survey of hepatitis B surface variant infection in children 15 years after a nationwide vaccination programme in Taiwan. Gut 53 10 (2004) 1499-1503
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , Issue.10 , pp. 1499-1503
    • Hsu, H.Y.1    Chang, M.H.2    Ni, Y.H.3    Chen, H.L.4
  • 44
    • 0030823754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface gene mutants of hepatitis B virus in infants who develop acute or chronic infections despite immunoprophylaxis
    • Hsu H.Y., Chang M.H., Ni Y.H., Lin H.H., Wang S.M., and Chen D.S. Surface gene mutants of hepatitis B virus in infants who develop acute or chronic infections despite immunoprophylaxis. Hepatology 26 3 (1997) 786-791
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 786-791
    • Hsu, H.Y.1    Chang, M.H.2    Ni, Y.H.3    Lin, H.H.4    Wang, S.M.5    Chen, D.S.6
  • 47
    • 0034016158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of 13 in vitro expressed hepatitis B surface antigen variants in 7 commercial diagnostic assays
    • Ireland J.H., O'Donnell B., Basuni A.A., Kean J.D., Wallace L.A., Lau G.K., and Carman W.F. Reactivity of 13 in vitro expressed hepatitis B surface antigen variants in 7 commercial diagnostic assays. Hepatology 31 5 (2000) 1176-1182
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 1176-1182
    • Ireland, J.H.1    O'Donnell, B.2    Basuni, A.A.3    Kean, J.D.4    Wallace, L.A.5    Lau, G.K.6    Carman, W.F.7
  • 49
    • 0142151744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency in virion secretion and decreased stability of the hepatitis B virus immune escape mutant G145R
    • Kalinina T., Iwanski A., Will H., and Sterneck M. Deficiency in virion secretion and decreased stability of the hepatitis B virus immune escape mutant G145R. Hepatology 38 5 (2003) 1274-1281
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1274-1281
    • Kalinina, T.1    Iwanski, A.2    Will, H.3    Sterneck, M.4
  • 50
    • 84984535720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B
    • Kao J.H., Chen P.J., Lai M.Y., and Chen D.S. Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 118 3 (2000) 554-559
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , Issue.3 , pp. 554-559
    • Kao, J.H.1    Chen, P.J.2    Lai, M.Y.3    Chen, D.S.4
  • 56
    • 0032954375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of suppression of hepatitis B virus precore RNA transcription by a frequent double mutation
    • Li J., Buckwold V.E., Hon M.W., and Ou J.H. Mechanism of suppression of hepatitis B virus precore RNA transcription by a frequent double mutation. J. Virol. 73 2 (1999) 1239-1244
    • (1999) J. Virol. , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 1239-1244
    • Li, J.1    Buckwold, V.E.2    Hon, M.W.3    Ou, J.H.4
  • 57
    • 0025738478 scopus 로고
    • A hepatitis B virus mutant associated with an epidemic of fulminant hepatitis
    • Liang T.J., Hasegawa K., Rimon N., Wands J.R., and Ben-Porath E. A hepatitis B virus mutant associated with an epidemic of fulminant hepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 324 24 (1991) 1705-1709
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.324 , Issue.24 , pp. 1705-1709
    • Liang, T.J.1    Hasegawa, K.2    Rimon, N.3    Wands, J.R.4    Ben-Porath, E.5
  • 58
    • 0021342069 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of a cloned duck hepatitis B virus genome: comparison with woodchuck and human hepatitis B virus sequences
    • Mandart E., Kay A., and Galibert F. Nucleotide sequence of a cloned duck hepatitis B virus genome: comparison with woodchuck and human hepatitis B virus sequences. J. Virol. 49 (1984) 782-792
    • (1984) J. Virol. , vol.49 , pp. 782-792
    • Mandart, E.1    Kay, A.2    Galibert, F.3
  • 59
    • 0032819375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype influence the clinical outcome of HBV infection?
    • Mayerat C., Mantegani A., and Frei P.C. Does hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype influence the clinical outcome of HBV infection?. J. Viral. Hepat. 6 4 (1999) 299-304
    • (1999) J. Viral. Hepat. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-304
    • Mayerat, C.1    Mantegani, A.2    Frei, P.C.3
  • 60
    • 0028244888 scopus 로고
    • Properties of hepatitis B virus pre-S1 deletion mutants
    • Melegari M., Bruno S., and Wands J.R. Properties of hepatitis B virus pre-S1 deletion mutants. Virology 199 2 (1994) 292-300
    • (1994) Virology , vol.199 , Issue.2 , pp. 292-300
    • Melegari, M.1    Bruno, S.2    Wands, J.R.3
  • 61
    • 0142151773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection
    • Milich D., and Liang T.J. Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 38 5 (2003) 1075-1086
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1075-1086
    • Milich, D.1    Liang, T.J.2
  • 63
    • 0030589455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced precore transcription and enhanced core-pregenome transcription of hepatitis B virus DNA after replacement of the precore-core promoter with sequences associated with e antigen-seronegative persistent infections
    • Moriyama K., Okamoto H., Tsuda F., and Mayumi M. Reduced precore transcription and enhanced core-pregenome transcription of hepatitis B virus DNA after replacement of the precore-core promoter with sequences associated with e antigen-seronegative persistent infections. Virology 226 2 (1996) 269-280
    • (1996) Virology , vol.226 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-280
    • Moriyama, K.1    Okamoto, H.2    Tsuda, F.3    Mayumi, M.4
  • 64
    • 0027251125 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a new hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) genotype from Brazil that expresses HBV surface antigen subtype adw4
    • Naumann H., Schaefer S., Yoshida C.F.T., Gaspar A.M.C., Repp R., and Gerlich W.H. Identification of a new hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) genotype from Brazil that expresses HBV surface antigen subtype adw4. J. Gen. Virol. 74 Part 8 (1993) 1627-1632
    • (1993) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.74 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1627-1632
    • Naumann, H.1    Schaefer, S.2    Yoshida, C.F.T.3    Gaspar, A.M.C.4    Repp, R.5    Gerlich, W.H.6
  • 65
    • 0022538381 scopus 로고
    • Identification and chemical synthesis of a host cell receptor binding site on hepatitis B virus
    • Neurath A.R., Kent S.B., Strick N., and Parker K. Identification and chemical synthesis of a host cell receptor binding site on hepatitis B virus. Cell 46 3 (1986) 429-436
    • (1986) Cell , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-436
    • Neurath, A.R.1    Kent, S.B.2    Strick, N.3    Parker, K.4
  • 66
    • 0034234682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up study of core gene deletion mutants in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Ni Y.H., Chang M.H., Hsu H.Y., and Chen H.L. Long-term follow-up study of core gene deletion mutants in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 32 1 (2000) 124-128
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-128
    • Ni, Y.H.1    Chang, M.H.2    Hsu, H.Y.3    Chen, H.L.4
  • 68
    • 0027049665 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of hepatitis B virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes
    • Norder H., Courouce A.M., and Magnius L.O. Molecular basis of hepatitis B virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes. J. Gen. Virol. 73 Pt 12 (1992) 3141-3145
    • (1992) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.73 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 3141-3145
    • Norder, H.1    Courouce, A.M.2    Magnius, L.O.3
  • 69
    • 0028301224 scopus 로고
    • Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes
    • Norder H., Courouce A.M., and Magnius L.O. Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes. Virology 198 2 (1994) 489-503
    • (1994) Virology , vol.198 , Issue.2 , pp. 489-503
    • Norder, H.1    Courouce, A.M.2    Magnius, L.O.3
  • 70
    • 0029925308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete sequencing of a gibbon hepatitis B virus genome reveals a unique genotype distantly related to the chimpanzee hepatitis B virus
    • Norder H., Ebert J.W., Fields H.A., Mushahwar I.K., and Magnius L.O. Complete sequencing of a gibbon hepatitis B virus genome reveals a unique genotype distantly related to the chimpanzee hepatitis B virus. Virology 218 1 (1996) 214-223
    • (1996) Virology , vol.218 , Issue.1 , pp. 214-223
    • Norder, H.1    Ebert, J.W.2    Fields, H.A.3    Mushahwar, I.K.4    Magnius, L.O.5
  • 71
    • 0026536025 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the amino acid sequences of nine different serotypes of hepatitis B surface antigen and genomic classification of the corresponding hepatitis B virus strains
    • Norder H., Hammas B., Lofdahl S., Courouce A.M., and Magnius L.O. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of nine different serotypes of hepatitis B surface antigen and genomic classification of the corresponding hepatitis B virus strains. J. Gen. Virol. 73 Pt 5 (1992) 1201-1208
    • (1992) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.73 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1201-1208
    • Norder, H.1    Hammas, B.2    Lofdahl, S.3    Courouce, A.M.4    Magnius, L.O.5
  • 72
    • 0028973455 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between serotypes and genotypes of hepatitis B virus: genetic classification of HBV by use of surface genes
    • Ohba K.I., Mizokami M., Ohno T., Suzuki K., Orito E., Lau J.Y.N., Ina Y., Ikeo K., and Gojobori T. Relationships between serotypes and genotypes of hepatitis B virus: genetic classification of HBV by use of surface genes. Virus Res. 39 1 (1995) 25-34
    • (1995) Virus Res. , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-34
    • Ohba, K.I.1    Mizokami, M.2    Ohno, T.3    Suzuki, K.4    Orito, E.5    Lau, J.Y.N.6    Ina, Y.7    Ikeo, K.8    Gojobori, T.9
  • 73
    • 0023260169 scopus 로고
    • Point mutation in the S gene of hepatitis B virus for a d/y or w/r subtypic change in two blood donors carrying a surface antigen of compound subtype adyr or adwr
    • Okamoto H., Imai M., Tsuda F., Tanaka T., Miyakawa Y., and Mayumi M. Point mutation in the S gene of hepatitis B virus for a d/y or w/r subtypic change in two blood donors carrying a surface antigen of compound subtype adyr or adwr. J. Virol. 61 10 (1987) 3030-3034
    • (1987) J. Virol. , vol.61 , Issue.10 , pp. 3030-3034
    • Okamoto, H.1    Imai, M.2    Tsuda, F.3    Tanaka, T.4    Miyakawa, Y.5    Mayumi, M.6
  • 74
    • 0027992963 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus with mutations in the core promoter for an e antigen-negative phenotype in carriers with antibody to e antigen
    • Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Akahane Y., Sugai Y., Yoshiba M., Moriyama K., Tanaka T., Miyakawa Y., and Mayumi M. Hepatitis B virus with mutations in the core promoter for an e antigen-negative phenotype in carriers with antibody to e antigen. J. Virol. 68 12 (1994) 8102-8110
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , Issue.12 , pp. 8102-8110
    • Okamoto, H.1    Tsuda, F.2    Akahane, Y.3    Sugai, Y.4    Yoshiba, M.5    Moriyama, K.6    Tanaka, T.7    Miyakawa, Y.8    Mayumi, M.9
  • 75
    • 0023678258 scopus 로고
    • Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes
    • Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Sakugawa H., Sastrosoewignjo R.I., Imai M., Miyakawa Y., and Mayumi M. Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. J. Gen. Virol. 69 Pt 10 (1988) 2575-2583
    • (1988) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.69 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 2575-2583
    • Okamoto, H.1    Tsuda, F.2    Sakugawa, H.3    Sastrosoewignjo, R.I.4    Imai, M.5    Miyakawa, Y.6    Mayumi, M.7
  • 76
    • 0026640961 scopus 로고
    • Mutations within the S gene of hepatitis B virus transmitted from mothers to babies immunized with hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine
    • Okamoto H., Yano K., Nozaki Y., Matsui A., Miyazaki H., Yamamoto K., Tsuda F., Machida A., and Mishiro S. Mutations within the S gene of hepatitis B virus transmitted from mothers to babies immunized with hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine. Pediatr. Res. 32 3 (1992) 264-268
    • (1992) Pediatr. Res. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-268
    • Okamoto, H.1    Yano, K.2    Nozaki, Y.3    Matsui, A.4    Miyazaki, H.5    Yamamoto, K.6    Tsuda, F.7    Machida, A.8    Mishiro, S.9
  • 77
    • 0025236260 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen
    • Okamoto H., Yotsumoto S., Akahane Y., Yamanaka T., Miyazaki Y., Sugai Y., Tsuda F., Tanaka T., Miyakawa Y., and Mayumi M. Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen. J. Virol. 64 3 (1990) 1298-1303
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 1298-1303
    • Okamoto, H.1    Yotsumoto, S.2    Akahane, Y.3    Yamanaka, T.4    Miyazaki, Y.5    Sugai, Y.6    Tsuda, F.7    Tanaka, T.8    Miyakawa, Y.9    Mayumi, M.10
  • 78
    • 0029943867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial analysis of hepatitis B virus core nucleotide sequence of patients with acute exacerbation during chronic infection
    • Okumura A., Takayanagi M., Aiyama T., Iwata K., Wakita T., Ishikawa T., Yoshioka K., and Kakumu S. Serial analysis of hepatitis B virus core nucleotide sequence of patients with acute exacerbation during chronic infection. J. Med. Virol. 49 2 (1996) 103-109
    • (1996) J. Med. Virol. , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-109
    • Okumura, A.1    Takayanagi, M.2    Aiyama, T.3    Iwata, K.4    Wakita, T.5    Ishikawa, T.6    Yoshioka, K.7    Kakumu, S.8
  • 79
    • 0031771115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current aspects of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants in Singapore
    • Oon C.J., and Chen W.N. Current aspects of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants in Singapore. J. Viral. Hepat. 5 Suppl. 2 (1998) 17-23
    • (1998) J. Viral. Hepat. , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 17-23
    • Oon, C.J.1    Chen, W.N.2
  • 80
    • 0034523502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-familial evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutant G145R
    • Oon C.J., Chen W.N., Goo K.S., and Goh K.T. Intra-familial evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutant G145R. J. Infect. 41 3 (2000) 260-264
    • (2000) J. Infect. , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-264
    • Oon, C.J.1    Chen, W.N.2    Goo, K.S.3    Goh, K.T.4
  • 81
    • 0032930559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of hepatitis B surface antigen variants with alterations outside the "a" determinant in immunized Singapore infants
    • Oon C.J., Chen W.N., Koh S., and Lim G.K. Identification of hepatitis B surface antigen variants with alterations outside the "a" determinant in immunized Singapore infants. J. Infect. Dis. 179 1 (1999) 259-263
    • (1999) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.179 , Issue.1 , pp. 259-263
    • Oon, C.J.1    Chen, W.N.2    Koh, S.3    Lim, G.K.4
  • 82
    • 0037942914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome replication, virion secretion, and e antigen expression of naturally occurring hepatitis B virus core promoter mutants
    • Parekh S., Zoulim F., Ahn S.H., Tsai A., Li J., Kawai S., Khan N., Trepo C., Wands J., and Tong S. Genome replication, virion secretion, and e antigen expression of naturally occurring hepatitis B virus core promoter mutants. J. Virol. 77 12 (2003) 6601-6612
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , Issue.12 , pp. 6601-6612
    • Parekh, S.1    Zoulim, F.2    Ahn, S.H.3    Tsai, A.4    Li, J.5    Kawai, S.6    Khan, N.7    Trepo, C.8    Wands, J.9    Tong, S.10
  • 83
    • 0028279520 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of transmembrane segments in proteins utilising multiple sequence alignments
    • Persson B., and Argos P. Prediction of transmembrane segments in proteins utilising multiple sequence alignments. J. Mol. Biol. 237 2 (1994) 182-192
    • (1994) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.237 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-192
    • Persson, B.1    Argos, P.2
  • 84
    • 0031983151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus with antigenically altered hepatitis B surface antigen is selected by high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation
    • Protzer-Knolle U., Naumann U., Bartenschlager R., Berg T., Hopf U., Meyer zum Buschenfelde K.H., Neuhaus P., and Gerken G. Hepatitis B virus with antigenically altered hepatitis B surface antigen is selected by high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation. Hepatology 27 1 (1998) 254-263
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-263
    • Protzer-Knolle, U.1    Naumann, U.2    Bartenschlager, R.3    Berg, T.4    Hopf, U.5    Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K.H.6    Neuhaus, P.7    Gerken, G.8
  • 85
    • 0034801878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of spontaneous mutations in an avian hepadnavirus infection
    • Pult I., Abbott N., Zhang Y.Y., and Summers J. Frequency of spontaneous mutations in an avian hepadnavirus infection. J. Virol. 75 20 (2001) 9623-9632
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , Issue.20 , pp. 9623-9632
    • Pult, I.1    Abbott, N.2    Zhang, Y.Y.3    Summers, J.4
  • 87
    • 0025051276 scopus 로고
    • A new hepatitis B virus variant in a chronic carrier with multiple episodes of viral reactivation and acute hepatitis
    • Raimondo G., Schneider R., Stemler M., Smedile V., Rodino G., and Will H. A new hepatitis B virus variant in a chronic carrier with multiple episodes of viral reactivation and acute hepatitis. Virology 179 1 (1990) 64-68
    • (1990) Virology , vol.179 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-68
    • Raimondo, G.1    Schneider, R.2    Stemler, M.3    Smedile, V.4    Rodino, G.5    Will, H.6
  • 88
    • 0036892321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in western patients
    • Sanchez-Tapias J.M., Costa J., Mas A., Bruguera M., and Rodes J. Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in western patients. Gastroenterology 123 6 (2002) 1848-1856
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , Issue.6 , pp. 1848-1856
    • Sanchez-Tapias, J.M.1    Costa, J.2    Mas, A.3    Bruguera, M.4    Rodes, J.5
  • 89
    • 0026766735 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genomes that cannot synthesize pre-S2 proteins occur frequently and as dominant virus populations in chronic carriers in Italy
    • Santantonio T., Jung M.C., Schneider R., Fernholz D., Milella M., Monno L., Pastore G., Pape G.R., and Will H. Hepatitis B virus genomes that cannot synthesize pre-S2 proteins occur frequently and as dominant virus populations in chronic carriers in Italy. Virology 188 2 (1992) 948-952
    • (1992) Virology , vol.188 , Issue.2 , pp. 948-952
    • Santantonio, T.1    Jung, M.C.2    Schneider, R.3    Fernholz, D.4    Milella, M.5    Monno, L.6    Pastore, G.7    Pape, G.R.8    Will, H.9
  • 91
    • 0030750617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic properties of hepatitis B viral genomes with mutations in the precore promoter and precore open reading frame
    • Scaglioni P.P., Melegari M., and Wands J.R. Biologic properties of hepatitis B viral genomes with mutations in the precore promoter and precore open reading frame. Virology 233 2 (1997) 374-381
    • (1997) Virology , vol.233 , Issue.2 , pp. 374-381
    • Scaglioni, P.P.1    Melegari, M.2    Wands, J.R.3
  • 93
    • 84993845600 scopus 로고
    • HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan
    • Stevens C.E., Neurath R.A., Beasley R.P., and Szmuness W. HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. J. Med. Virol. 3 3 (1979) 237-241
    • (1979) J. Med. Virol. , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-241
    • Stevens, C.E.1    Neurath, R.A.2    Beasley, R.P.3    Szmuness, W.4
  • 99
    • 20444505037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA can be a predictor of sustained response to therapy
    • Sung J.J., Wong M.L., Bowden S., Liew C.T., Hui A.Y., Wong V.W., Leung N.W., Locarnini S., and Chan H.L. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA can be a predictor of sustained response to therapy. Gastroenterology 128 7 (2005) 1890-1897
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , Issue.7 , pp. 1890-1897
    • Sung, J.J.1    Wong, M.L.2    Bowden, S.3    Liew, C.T.4    Hui, A.Y.5    Wong, V.W.6    Leung, N.W.7    Locarnini, S.8    Chan, H.L.9
  • 100
    • 0032418990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genomic sequence in the circulation of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: comparative analysis of 40 full-length isolates
    • Takahashi K., Akahane Y., Hino K., Ohta Y., and Mishiro S. Hepatitis B virus genomic sequence in the circulation of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: comparative analysis of 40 full-length isolates. Arch. Virol. 143 12 (1998) 2313-2326
    • (1998) Arch. Virol. , vol.143 , Issue.12 , pp. 2313-2326
    • Takahashi, K.1    Akahane, Y.2    Hino, K.3    Ohta, Y.4    Mishiro, S.5
  • 103
    • 0037016387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary infection with a lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus
    • Thibault V., Aubron-Olivier C., Agut H., and Katlama C. Primary infection with a lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. Aids 16 1 (2002) 131-133
    • (2002) Aids , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-133
    • Thibault, V.1    Aubron-Olivier, C.2    Agut, H.3    Katlama, C.4
  • 104
    • 0027185588 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a base-paired region of hepatitis B virus pregenome encapsidation signal which influences the patterns of precore mutations abolishing HBe protein expression
    • Tong S.P., Li J.S., Vitvitski L., Kay A., and Treepo C. Evidence for a base-paired region of hepatitis B virus pregenome encapsidation signal which influences the patterns of precore mutations abolishing HBe protein expression. J. Virol. 67 9 (1993) 5651-5655
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , Issue.9 , pp. 5651-5655
    • Tong, S.P.1    Li, J.S.2    Vitvitski, L.3    Kay, A.4    Treepo, C.5
  • 105
    • 0025360675 scopus 로고
    • Active hepatitis B virus replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive pre-C region
    • Tong S.P., Li J.S., Vitvitski L., and Trepo C. Active hepatitis B virus replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive pre-C region. Virology 176 2 (1990) 596-603
    • (1990) Virology , vol.176 , Issue.2 , pp. 596-603
    • Tong, S.P.1    Li, J.S.2    Vitvitski, L.3    Trepo, C.4
  • 106
    • 0026801214 scopus 로고
    • Replication capacities of natural and artificial precore stop codon mutants of hepatitis B virus: relevance of pregenome encapsidation signal
    • Tong S.P., Li J.S., Vitvitski L., and Trepo C. Replication capacities of natural and artificial precore stop codon mutants of hepatitis B virus: relevance of pregenome encapsidation signal. Virology 191 1 (1992) 237-245
    • (1992) Virology , vol.191 , Issue.1 , pp. 237-245
    • Tong, S.P.1    Li, J.S.2    Vitvitski, L.3    Trepo, C.4
  • 107
    • 0036059889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy
    • Torresi J., Earnest-Silveira L., Deliyannis G., Edgtton K., Zhuang H., Locarnini S.A., Fyfe J., Sozzi T., and Jackson D.C. Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy. Virology 293 2 (2002) 305-313
    • (2002) Virology , vol.293 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-313
    • Torresi, J.1    Earnest-Silveira, L.2    Deliyannis, G.3    Edgtton, K.4    Zhuang, H.5    Locarnini, S.A.6    Fyfe, J.7    Sozzi, T.8    Jackson, D.C.9
  • 108
    • 0036110533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype G isolated in Germany
    • Vieth S., Manegold C., Drosten C., Nippraschk T., and Gunther S. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype G isolated in Germany. Virus Genes 24 2 (2002) 153-156
    • (2002) Virus Genes , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-156
    • Vieth, S.1    Manegold, C.2    Drosten, C.3    Nippraschk, T.4    Gunther, S.5
  • 110
    • 0032837334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new group of hepadnaviruses naturally infecting orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
    • Warren K.S., Heeney J.L., Swan R.A., Heriyanto, and Verschoor E.J. A new group of hepadnaviruses naturally infecting orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). J. Virol. 73 9 (1999) 7860-7865
    • (1999) J. Virol. , vol.73 , Issue.9 , pp. 7860-7865
    • Warren, K.S.1    Heeney, J.L.2    Swan, R.A.3    Heriyanto4    Verschoor, E.J.5
  • 112
    • 0033605352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predicted pattern of emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B: a cause for concern?
    • Wilson J.N., Nokes D.J., and Carman W.F. The predicted pattern of emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B: a cause for concern?. Vaccine 17 7-8 (1999) 973-978
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 973-978
    • Wilson, J.N.1    Nokes, D.J.2    Carman, W.F.3
  • 113
    • 0028265185 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring escape mutants of hepatitis B virus with various mutations in the S gene in carriers seropositive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen
    • Yamamoto K., Horikita M., Tsuda F., Itoh K., Akahane Y., Yotsumoto S., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., and Mayumi M. Naturally occurring escape mutants of hepatitis B virus with various mutations in the S gene in carriers seropositive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. J. Virol. 68 4 (1994) 2671-2676
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 2671-2676
    • Yamamoto, K.1    Horikita, M.2    Tsuda, F.3    Itoh, K.4    Akahane, Y.5    Yotsumoto, S.6    Okamoto, H.7    Miyakawa, Y.8    Mayumi, M.9
  • 114
    • 0031886046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of naturally occurring variants of human hepatitis B virus containing the core internal deletion mutation
    • Yuan T.T., Lin M.H., Qiu S.M., and Shih C. Functional characterization of naturally occurring variants of human hepatitis B virus containing the core internal deletion mutation. J. Virol. 72 3 (1998) 2168-2176
    • (1998) J. Virol. , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 2168-2176
    • Yuan, T.T.1    Lin, M.H.2    Qiu, S.M.3    Shih, C.4
  • 115
    • 0032817797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of drug-resistant populations of woodchuck hepatitis virus in woodchucks treated with the antiviral nucleoside lamivudine [in Process Citation]
    • Zhou T., Saputelli J., Aldrich C.E., Deslauriers M., Condreay L.D., and Mason W.S. Emergence of drug-resistant populations of woodchuck hepatitis virus in woodchucks treated with the antiviral nucleoside lamivudine [in Process Citation]. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43 8 (1999) 1947-1954
    • (1999) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 1947-1954
    • Zhou, T.1    Saputelli, J.2    Aldrich, C.E.3    Deslauriers, M.4    Condreay, L.D.5    Mason, W.S.6
  • 116
    • 0035942013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20-fold increase in risk of lamivudine resistance in hepatitis B virus subtype adw
    • Zollner B., Petersen J., Schroter M., Laufs R., Schoder V., and Feucht H.H. 20-fold increase in risk of lamivudine resistance in hepatitis B virus subtype adw. Lancet 357 9260 (2001) 934-935
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , Issue.9260 , pp. 934-935
    • Zollner, B.1    Petersen, J.2    Schroter, M.3    Laufs, R.4    Schoder, V.5    Feucht, H.H.6
  • 117
    • 0030021034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene in a patient with HBV-associated cirrhosis and serum negativity for anti-HBc
    • Zoulim F., Zhang X., Pichoud C., and Trepo C. Heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene in a patient with HBV-associated cirrhosis and serum negativity for anti-HBc. J. Hepatol. 24 2 (1996) 155-160
    • (1996) J. Hepatol. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-160
    • Zoulim, F.1    Zhang, X.2    Pichoud, C.3    Trepo, C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.