메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 758-772

Mapping body fat distribution: A key step towards the identification of the vulnerable patient?

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Computed tomography; Ectopic fat accumulation; Glucose insulin homeostasis; Imaging; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Type 2 diabetes; Visceral obesity

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; FATTY ACID; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 84870805185     PISSN: 07853890     EISSN: 13652060     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.605387     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (158)
  • 1
    • 12344327669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and mortality: A meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies
    • McGee DL. Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:87-97.
    • (2005) Ann Epidemiol , vol.15 , pp. 87-97
    • McGee, D.L.1
  • 2
    • 37349066531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): A study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries
    • Balkau B, Deanfield JE, Despré s JP, Bassand JP, Fox KA, Smith SC Jr, et al. International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries. Circulation. 2007; 116:1942-51.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1942-1951
    • Balkau, B.1    Deanfield, J.E.2    Despré, S.J.P.3    Bassand, J.P.4    Fox, K.A.5    Smith Jr., S.C.6
  • 3
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364:937-52.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Dans, T.4    Avezum, A.5    Lanas, F.6
  • 4
    • 0022408652 scopus 로고
    • The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913
    • Ohlson LO, Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Eriksson H, Wilhelmsen L, et al. The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913. Diabetes. 1985;34:1055-8.
    • (1985) Diabetes , vol.34 , pp. 1055-1058
    • Ohlson, L.O.1    Larsson, B.2    Svardsudd, K.3    Welin, L.4    Eriksson, H.5    Wilhelmsen, L.6
  • 5
    • 33745774113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC
    • Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H, Friedenreich C, Norat T, Tjonneland A, et al. Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:920-31.
    • (2006) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.98 , pp. 920-931
    • Pischon, T.1    Lahmann, P.H.2    Boeing, H.3    Friedenreich, C.4    Norat, T.5    Tjonneland, A.6
  • 6
    • 41649097735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: Sixteen years of follow-up in US women
    • Zhang C, Rexrode KM, van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Circulation. 2008;117:1658-67.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 1658-1667
    • Zhang, C.1    Rexrode, K.M.2    Van Dam, R.M.3    Li, T.Y.4    Hu, F.B.5
  • 7
    • 0036385780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A waist is a terrible thing to mind: Central obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
    • Brown LK. A waist is a terrible thing to mind: central obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Chest. 2002;122:774-8.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 774-778
    • Brown, L.K.1
  • 8
    • 33644850953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiology evaluation and effect of weight loss: An update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
    • Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, Hong Y, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113:898-918.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 898-918
    • Poirier, P.1    Giles, T.D.2    Bray, G.A.3    Hong, Y.4    Stern, J.S.5    Pi-Sunyer, F.X.6
  • 11
    • 78651193167 scopus 로고
    • La diffé renciation sexuelle : facteur dé terminant des formes de l'obesit é
    • Vague J. La diffé renciation sexuelle : facteur dé terminant des formes de l'obesit é . Presse Med. 1947;55:339-40.
    • (1947) Presse Med , vol.55 , pp. 339-340
    • Vague, J.1
  • 12
    • 0022652170 scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: Technical considerations
    • Kvist H, Sjostrom L, Tylen U. Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: technical considerations. Int J Obes. 1986;10:53-67.
    • (1986) Int J Obes , vol.10 , pp. 53-67
    • Kvist, H.1    Sjostrom, L.2    Tylen, U.3
  • 13
    • 0021014504 scopus 로고
    • Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution
    • Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, Smith U. Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1150-62.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.72 , pp. 1150-1162
    • Krotkiewski, M.1    Bjorntorp, P.2    Sjostrom, L.3    Smith, U.4
  • 15
    • 34447296736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why might South Asians be so susceptible to central obesity and its atherogenic consequences? the adipose tissue overflow hypothesis
    • Sniderman AD, Bhopal R, Prabhakaran D, Sarrafzadegan N, Tchernof A. Why might South Asians be so susceptible to central obesity and its atherogenic consequences? The adipose tissue overflow hypothesis. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36:220-5.
    • (2007) Int J Epidemiol , vol.36 , pp. 220-225
    • Sniderman, A.D.1    Bhopal, R.2    Prabhakaran, D.3    Sarrafzadegan, N.4    Tchernof, A.5
  • 16
    • 33745580273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study
    • Kadowaki T, Sekikawa A, Murata K, Maegawa H, Takamiya T, Okamura T, et al. Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1163-5.
    • (2006) Int J Obes (Lond , vol.30 , pp. 1163-1165
    • Kadowaki, T.1    Sekikawa, A.2    Murata, K.3    Maegawa, H.4    Takamiya, T.5    Okamura, T.6
  • 17
    • 20644469672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of visceral adipose tissue mass in adult African Americans and whites
    • Hoffman DJ, Wang Z, Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB. Comparison of visceral adipose tissue mass in adult African Americans and whites. Obes Res. 2005;13:66-74.
    • (2005) Obes Res , vol.13 , pp. 66-74
    • Hoffman, D.J.1    Wang, Z.2    Gallagher, D.3    Heymsfield, S.B.4
  • 18
    • 0030147124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial clustering of abdominal visceral fat and total fat mass: The Qu é bec Family Study
    • Rice T, P é russe L, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Familial clustering of abdominal visceral fat and total fat mass: the Qu é bec Family Study. Obes Res. 1996;4:253-61.
    • (1996) Obes Res , vol.4 , pp. 253-261
    • Rice, T.1    Pé Russe, L.2    Bouchard, C.3    Rao, D.C.4
  • 19
    • 77955358067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary determinants of changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index-A proxy measure of visceral adiposity
    • Romaguera D, Angquist L, Du H, Jakobsen MU, Forouhi NG, Halkjaer J, et al. Dietary determinants of changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index-a proxy measure of visceral adiposity. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e11588.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Romaguera, D.1    Angquist, L.2    Du, H.3    Jakobsen, M.U.4    Forouhi, N.G.5    Halkjaer, J.6
  • 20
    • 29244465509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human fat cell lipolysis: Biochemistry, regulation and clinical role
    • Arner P. Human fat cell lipolysis: biochemistry, regulation and clinical role. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19:471-82.
    • (2005) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.19 , pp. 471-482
    • Arner, P.1
  • 21
    • 55849106577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity
    • Jensen MD. Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(11 Suppl 1):S57-63.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , Issue.11 SUPPL. 1
    • Jensen, M.D.1
  • 22
    • 31544483636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New imaging techniques of fat muscle and liver within the context of determining insulin sensitivity
    • Stefan N, Machann J, Schick F, Claussen CD, Thamer C, Fritsche A, et al. New imaging techniques of fat, muscle and liver within the context of determining insulin sensitivity. Horm Res. 2005;64 Suppl 3:38-44.
    • (2005) Horm Res , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 38-44
    • Stefan, N.1    MacHann, J.2    Schick, F.3    Claussen, C.D.4    Thamer, C.5    Fritsche, A.6
  • 24
    • 0032759437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study
    • Fujimoto WY, Bergstrom RW, Boyko EJ, Chen KW, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L, et al. Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1808-12.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1808-1812
    • Fujimoto, W.Y.1    Bergstrom, R.W.2    Boyko, E.J.3    Chen, K.W.4    Leonetti, D.L.5    Newell-Morris, L.6
  • 25
    • 0034079725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study among Japanese Americans
    • Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L. Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:465-71.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 465-471
    • Boyko, E.J.1    Fujimoto, W.Y.2    Leonetti, D.L.3    Newell-Morris, L.4
  • 26
    • 5444222767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of visceral adipose tissue with incident myocardial infarction in older men and women: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
    • Nicklas BJ, Penninx BW, Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Kanaya AM, et al. Association of visceral adipose tissue with incident myocardial infarction in older men and women: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:741-9.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , pp. 741-749
    • Nicklas, B.J.1    Penninx, B.W.2    Cesari, M.3    Kritchevsky, S.B.4    Newman, A.B.5    Kanaya, A.M.6
  • 28
    • 34548289412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipose tissue, a potential risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis: Results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT
    • Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, Frohlich JJ, Birmingham CL, Mancini GB. Visceral adipose tissue, a potential risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis: results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). Stroke. 2007;38:2422-9.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 2422-2429
    • Lear, S.A.1    Humphries, K.H.2    Kohli, S.3    Frohlich, J.J.4    Birmingham, C.L.5    Mancini, G.B.6
  • 29
    • 73249117437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of abdominal obesity and coronary artery calcium progression in older adults
    • Kramer CK, von Muhlen D, Gross JL, Barrett-Connor E. A prospective study of abdominal obesity and coronary artery calcium progression in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:5039-44.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 5039-5044
    • Kramer, C.K.1    Von Muhlen, D.2    Gross, J.L.3    Barrett-Connor, E.4
  • 30
    • 2942683422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome: Importance of type 2 diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidemia in coronary artery disease risk
    • Carr MC, Brunzell JD. Abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome: importance of type 2 diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidemia in coronary artery disease risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89: 2601-7.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2601-2607
    • Carr, M.C.1    Brunzell, J.D.2
  • 31
    • 31744443753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome?
    • Despr é s JP. Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome? Ann Med. 2006;38:52-63.
    • (2006) Ann Med , vol.38 , pp. 52-63
    • Despré, S.J.P.1
  • 33
    • 25144459980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome-A new worldwide definition
    • Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059-62.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Alberti, K.G.1    Zimmet, P.2    Shaw, J.3
  • 34
    • 27444443876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Scientific Statement
    • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112:2735-52.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 2735-2752
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Cleeman, J.I.2    Daniels, S.R.3    Donato, K.A.4    Eckel, R.H.5    Franklin, B.A.6
  • 35
    • 33748776056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
    • Galassi A, Reynolds K, He J. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119:812-9.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , pp. 812-819
    • Galassi, A.1    Reynolds, K.2    He, J.3
  • 36
    • 33846365989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
    • Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, Gami LA, Somers VK, et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:403-14.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 403-414
    • Gami, A.S.1    Witt, B.J.2    Howard, D.E.3    Erwin, P.J.4    Gami, L.A.5    Somers, V.K.6
  • 37
    • 24144484876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
    • Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2289-304.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2289-2304
    • Kahn, R.1    Buse, J.2    Ferrannini, E.3    Stern, M.4
  • 38
    • 3242795814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome
    • Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Hull RL, Kodama K, Retzlaff BM, Brunzell JD, et al. Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2004;53:2087-94.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2087-2094
    • Carr, D.B.1    Utzschneider, K.M.2    Hull, R.L.3    Kodama, K.4    Retzlaff, B.M.5    Brunzell, J.D.6
  • 39
    • 34247842828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-abdominal fat accumulation predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans
    • Tong J, Boyko EJ, Utzschneider KM, McNeely MJ, Hayashi T, Carr DB, et al. Intra-abdominal fat accumulation predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans. Diabetologia. 2007;50: 1156-60.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1156-1160
    • Tong, J.1    Boyko, E.J.2    Utzschneider, K.M.3    McNeely, M.J.4    Hayashi, T.5    Carr, D.B.6
  • 40
    • 34547186080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipose tissue accumulation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and features of the metabolic syndrome
    • Arsenault BJ, Lachance D, Lemieux I, Almé ras N, Tremblay A, Bouchard C, et al. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and features of the metabolic syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1518-25.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 1518-1525
    • Arsenault, B.J.1    Lachance, D.2    Lemieux, I.3    Almé Ras, N.4    Tremblay, A.5    Bouchard, C.6
  • 41
    • 34347351228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: Association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Pou KM, Maurovich-Horvat P, Liu CY, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;116:39-48.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 39-48
    • Fox, C.S.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Hoffmann, U.3    Pou, K.M.4    Maurovich-Horvat, P.5    Liu, C.Y.6
  • 42
    • 0035048503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity
    • Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Greenway F, Ryan D, deJonge L, de la Bretonne J, et al. Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism. 2001;50:425-35.
    • (2001) Metabolism , vol.50 , pp. 425-435
    • Smith, S.R.1    Lovejoy, J.C.2    Greenway, F.3    Ryan, D.4    Dejonge, L.5    De La Bretonne, J.6
  • 43
    • 34948902196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Pou KM, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Vasan RS, Maurovich-Horvat P, Larson MG, et al. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;116:1234-41.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1234-1241
    • Pou, K.M.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Hoffmann, U.3    Vasan, R.S.4    Maurovich-Horvat, P.5    Larson, M.G.6
  • 44
    • 43249100772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral obesity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis: Contributions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in men
    • Cartier A, Lemieux I, Alm é ras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Despr é s JP. Visceral obesity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis: contributions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1931-8.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1931-1938
    • Cartier, A.1    Lemieux, I.2    Alméras, N.3    Tremblay, A.4    Bergeron, J.5    Després, J.P.6
  • 45
    • 20744439123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen to abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Pich é ME, Lemieux S, Weisnagel SJ, Corneau L, Nadeau A, Bergeron J. Relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen to abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:92-7.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 92-97
    • Pich, É.M.E.1    Lemieux, S.2    Weisnagel, S.J.3    Corneau, L.4    Nadeau, A.5    Bergeron, J.6
  • 47
    • 78049308422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Preis SR, Massaro JM, Robins SJ, Hoffmann U, Vasan RS, Irlbeck T, et al. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham Heart Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18:2191-8.
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring , vol.18 , pp. 2191-2198
    • Preis, S.R.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Robins, S.J.3    Hoffmann, U.4    Vasan, R.S.5    Irlbeck, T.6
  • 48
    • 37349128570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk cohort: A population-based prospective study
    • Canoy D, Boekholdt SM, Wareham N, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, et al. Body fat distribution and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk cohort: a population-based prospective study. Circulation. 2007;116:2933-43.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 2933-2943
    • Canoy, D.1    Boekholdt, S.M.2    Wareham, N.3    Luben, R.4    Welch, A.5    Bingham, S.6
  • 49
    • 34547420277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipocytes and the metabolic syndrome
    • Tchernof A. Visceral adipocytes and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev. 2007;65(6 Pt 2):S24-9.
    • (2007) Nutr Rev , vol.65 , Issue.6 PART 2
    • Tchernof, A.1
  • 50
    • 0033984744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: Is interleukin-6 the link?
    • Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, Mohamed-Ali V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis. 2000;148:209-14.
    • (2000) Atherosclerosis , vol.148 , pp. 209-214
    • Yudkin, J.S.1    Kumari, M.2    Humphries, S.E.3    Mohamed-Ali, V.4
  • 51
    • 0033393956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: Prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance?
    • Hube F, Hauner H. The role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance? Horm Metab Res. 1999;31:626-31.
    • (1999) Horm Metab Res , vol.31 , pp. 626-631
    • Hube, F.1    Hauner, H.2
  • 52
    • 20144379879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins reduce interleukin-6-induced C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes: New evidence for direct antiinflammatory effects of statins
    • Arnaud C, Burger F, Steffens S, Veillard NR, Nguyen TH, Trono D, et al. Statins reduce interleukin-6-induced C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes: new evidence for direct antiinflammatory effects of statins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1231-6.
    • (2005) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.25 , pp. 1231-1236
    • Arnaud, C.1    Burger, F.2    Steffens, S.3    Veillard, N.R.4    Nguyen, T.H.5    Trono, D.6
  • 54
    • 34250616386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, muscle and liver in health and disease
    • Frayn KN, Arner P, Yki-Jarvinen H. Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, muscle and liver in health and disease. Essays Biochem. 2006;42:89-103.
    • (2006) Essays Biochem , vol.42 , pp. 89-103
    • Frayn, K.N.1    Arner, P.2    Yki-Jarvinen, H.3
  • 55
    • 77952293184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipose tissue and inflammation correlate with elevated liver tests in a cohort of overweight and obese patients
    • Verrijken A, Francque S, Mertens I, Talloen M, Peiffer F, Van Gaal L. Visceral adipose tissue and inflammation correlate with elevated liver tests in a cohort of overweight and obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34:899-907.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond , vol.34 , pp. 899-907
    • Verrijken, A.1    Francque, S.2    Mertens, I.3    Talloen, M.4    Peiffer, F.5    Van Gaal, L.6
  • 56
    • 7444227405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrahepatic lipids are predicted by visceral adipose tissue mass in healthy subjects
    • Thamer C, Machann J, Haap M, Stefan N, Heller E, Schnodt B, et al. Intrahepatic lipids are predicted by visceral adipose tissue mass in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2726-9.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2726-2729
    • Thamer, C.1    MacHann, J.2    Haap, M.3    Stefan, N.4    Heller, E.5    Schnodt, B.6
  • 57
    • 33745401989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Eguchi Y, Eguchi T, Mizuta T, Ide Y, Yasutake T, Iwakiri R, et al. Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:462-9.
    • (2006) J Gastroenterol , vol.41 , pp. 462-469
    • Eguchi, Y.1    Eguchi, T.2    Mizuta, T.3    Ide, Y.4    Yasutake, T.5    Iwakiri, R.6
  • 58
    • 36349015522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of visceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
    • Koda M, Kawakami M, Murawaki Y, Senda M. The impact of visceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:897-903.
    • (2007) J Gastroenterol , vol.42 , pp. 897-903
    • Koda, M.1    Kawakami, M.2    Murawaki, Y.3    Senda, M.4
  • 61
    • 33644872836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms
    • Libby P. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:456S-60S.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83
    • Libby, P.1
  • 62
    • 0017305294 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
    • Ross R, Glomset JA. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis N Engl J Med. 1976;295:369-77.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 369-377
    • Ross, R.1    Glomset, J.A.2
  • 63
    • 33845866857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and metabolic disorders
    • Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444:860-7.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 860-867
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1
  • 64
    • 51649091105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of visceral adipose tissue on liver metabolism. Part I: Heterogeneity of adipose tissue and functional properties of visceral adipose tissue
    • L afontan M, Girard J. Impact of visceral adipose tissue on liver metabolism. Part I: heterogeneity of adipose tissue and functional properties of visceral adipose tissue. Diabetes Metab. 2008;34(4 Pt 1):317-27.
    • (2008) Diabetes Metab , vol.34 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 317-327
    • Lafontan, M.1    Girard, J.2
  • 65
    • 39449091918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multiple facets of the fat tissue
    • Rocha VZ, Libby P. The multiple facets of the fat tissue. Thyroid. 2008;18:175-83.
    • (2008) Thyroid , vol.18 , pp. 175-183
    • Rocha, V.Z.1    Libby, P.2
  • 66
    • 38849118568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo imaging in mice reveals local cell dynamics and inflammation in obese adipose tissue
    • Nishimura S, Manabe I, Nagasaki M, Seo K, Yamashita H, Hosoya Y, et al. In vivo imaging in mice reveals local cell dynamics and inflammation in obese adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:710-21.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 710-721
    • Nishimura, S.1    Manabe, I.2    Nagasaki, M.3    Seo, K.4    Yamashita, H.5    Hosoya, Y.6
  • 67
    • 46249117032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-lymphocyte infiltration in visceral adipose tissue: A primary event in adipose tissue inflammation and the development of obesity-mediated insulin resistance
    • Kintscher U, Hartge M, Hess K, Foryst-Ludwig A, Clemenz M, Wabitsch M, et al. T-lymphocyte infiltration in visceral adipose tissue: a primary event in adipose tissue inflammation and the development of obesity-mediated insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1304-10.
    • (2008) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.28 , pp. 1304-1310
    • Kintscher, U.1    Hartge, M.2    Hess, K.3    Foryst-Ludwig, A.4    Clemenz, M.5    Wabitsch, M.6
  • 68
    • 0242580711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is, like IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, overexpressed in human fat cells from insulin-resistant subjects
    • Rotter V, Nagaev I, Smith U. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is, like IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, overexpressed in human fat cells from insulin-resistant subjects. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278:45777-84.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 45777-45784
    • Rotter, V.1    Nagaev, I.2    Smith, U.3
  • 69
    • 0036894360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes
    • Senn JJ, Klover PJ, Nowak IA, Mooney RA. Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Diabetes. 2002;51:3391-9.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 3391-3399
    • Senn, J.J.1    Klover, P.J.2    Nowak, I.A.3    Mooney, R.A.4
  • 70
    • 43249100772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral obesity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis: Contributions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in men
    • Cartier A, Lemieux I, Alm é ras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Despr é s JP. Visceral obesity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis: contributions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1931-8.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1931-1938
    • Cartier, A.1    Lemieux, I.2    Almrasé, N.3    Tremblay, A.4    Bergeron, J.5    Despré, S.J.P.6
  • 71
    • 34047155003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral fat adipokine secretion is associated with systemic inflammation in obese humans
    • Fontana L, Eagon JC, Trujillo ME, Scherer PE, Klein S. Visceral fat adipokine secretion is associated with systemic inflammation in obese humans. Diabetes. 2007;56:1010-3.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Fontana, L.1    Eagon, J.C.2    Trujillo, M.E.3    Scherer, P.E.4    Klein, S.5
  • 72
    • 24644500844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory markers and long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men. A 13-year follow-up of the Quebec Cardiovascular Study
    • St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Bergeron J, Pirro M, Dagenais GR, Despr é s JP, et al. Inflammatory markers and long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men. A 13-year follow-up of the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 182:315-21.
    • (2005) Atherosclerosis , vol.182 , pp. 315-321
    • St-Pierre, A.C.1    Cantin, B.2    Bergeron, J.3    Pirro, M.4    Dagenais, G.R.5    Despré, S.J.P.6
  • 73
    • 77950020199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and downstream inflammatory markers with risk of cardiovascular disease: The Caerphilly Study
    • Patterson CC, Smith AE, Yarnell JW, Rumley A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lowe GD. The associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and downstream inflammatory markers with risk of cardiovascular disease: the Caerphilly Study. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209:551-7.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis , vol.209 , pp. 551-557
    • Patterson, C.C.1    Smith, A.E.2    Yarnell, J.W.3    Rumley, A.4    Ben-Shlomo, Y.5    Lowe, G.D.6
  • 75
    • 15944425403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectinemia in visceral obesity: Impact on glucose tolerance and plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels in men
    • Cô t é M, Mauri è ge P, Bergeron J, Alm é ras N, Tremblay A, Lemieux I, et al. Adiponectinemia in visceral obesity: impact on glucose tolerance and plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90: 1434-9.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 1434-1439
    • Cô, T.É.M.1    Maurigeè, P.2    Bergeron, J.3    Almrasé, N.4    Tremblay, A.5    Lemieux, I.6
  • 77
    • 33745834319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome
    • Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Hara K, Ueki K, Tobe K. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1784-92.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1784-1792
    • Kadowaki, T.1    Yamauchi, T.2    Kubota, N.3    Hara, K.4    Ueki, K.5    Tobe, K.6
  • 79
    • 0041302377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice
    • Xu A, Wang Y, Keshaw H, Xu LY, Lam KS, Cooper GJ. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:91-100.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 91-100
    • Xu, A.1    Wang, Y.2    Keshaw, H.3    Xu, L.Y.4    Lam, K.S.5    Cooper, G.J.6
  • 80
    • 42949116365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue and lipotoxicity
    • van Herpen NA, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue and lipotoxicity. Physiol Behav. 2008;94:231-41.
    • (2008) Physiol Behav , vol.94 , pp. 231-241
    • Van Herpen, N.A.1    Schrauwen-Hinderling, V.B.2
  • 81
    • 0038644536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference
    • Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37:1202-19.
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.37 , pp. 1202-1219
    • Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A.1    Caldwell, S.H.2
  • 82
    • 56649123256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A global perspective
    • Lazo M, Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective. Semin Liver Dis. 2008; 28:339-50.
    • (2008) Semin Liver Dis , vol.28 , pp. 339-350
    • Lazo, M.1    Clark, J.M.2
  • 83
    • 10644220306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: Impact of ethnicity
    • Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology. 2004;40:1387-95.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40 , pp. 1387-1395
    • Browning, J.D.1    Szczepaniak, L.S.2    Dobbins, R.3    Nuremberg, P.4    Horton, J.D.5    Cohen, J.C.6
  • 84
    • 38149030206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver fat is increased in type 2 diabetic patients and underestimated by serum alanine aminotransferase compared with equally obese nondiabetic subjects
    • Kotronen A, Juurinen L, Hakkarainen A, Westerbacka J, Corner A, Bergholm R, et al. Liver fat is increased in type 2 diabetic patients and underestimated by serum alanine aminotransferase compared with equally obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:165-9.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 165-169
    • Kotronen, A.1    Juurinen, L.2    Hakkarainen, A.3    Westerbacka, J.4    Corner, A.5    Bergholm, R.6
  • 87
    • 3342924193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver fat is not a marker of metabolic risk in lean premenopausal women
    • Kuk JL, Nichaman MZ, Church TS, Blair SN, Ross R. Liver fat is not a marker of metabolic risk in lean premenopausal women. Metabolism. 2004;53:1066-71.
    • (2004) Metabolism , vol.53 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Kuk, J.L.1    Nichaman, M.Z.2    Church, T.S.3    Blair, S.N.4    Ross, R.5
  • 88
    • 79956117037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and low visceral adiposity
    • Fracanzani AL, Valenti L, Bugianesi E, Vanni E, Grieco A, Miele L, et al. Risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and low visceral adiposity. J Hepatol. 2011;54:1244-9.
    • (2011) J Hepatol , vol.54 , pp. 1244-1249
    • Fracanzani, A.L.1    Valenti, L.2    Bugianesi, E.3    Vanni, E.4    Grieco, A.5    Miele, L.6
  • 89
    • 34547514221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between hepatic/visceral fat and hepatic insulin resistance in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects
    • Gastaldelli A, Cusi K, Pettiti M, Hardies J, Miyazaki Y, Berria R, et al. Relationship between hepatic/visceral fat and hepatic insulin resistance in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:496-506.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 496-506
    • Gastaldelli, A.1    Cusi, K.2    Pettiti, M.3    Hardies, J.4    Miyazaki, Y.5    Berria, R.6
  • 90
    • 63349086412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: An insulin resistance paradox?
    • Guerrero R, Vega GL, Grundy SM, Browning JD. Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: an insulin resistance paradox? Hepatology. 2009;49:791-801.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.49 , pp. 791-801
    • Guerrero, R.1    Vega, G.L.2    Grundy, S.M.3    Browning, J.D.4
  • 91
    • 77953893410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between intrahepatic triglyceride content and insulin resistance in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
    • Amaro A, Fabbrini E, Kars M, Yue P, Schechtman K, Schonfeld G, et al. Dissociation between intrahepatic triglyceride content and insulin resistance in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:149-53.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 149-153
    • Amaro, A.1    Fabbrini, E.2    Kars, M.3    Yue, P.4    Schechtman, K.5    Schonfeld, G.6
  • 94
    • 34247397526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial fat: Properties, function and relationship to obesity
    • Rabkin SW. Epicardial fat: properties, function and relationship to obesity. Obes Rev. 2007;8:253-61.
    • (2007) Obes Rev , vol.8 , pp. 253-261
    • Rabkin, S.W.1
  • 95
    • 34447515817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial adipose tissue as new cardio-metabolic risk marker and potential therapeutic target in the metabolic syndrome
    • Iacobellis G, Sharma AM. Epicardial adipose tissue as new cardio-metabolic risk marker and potential therapeutic target in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13: 2180-4.
    • (2007) Curr Pharm des , vol.13 , pp. 2180-2184
    • Iacobellis, G.1    Sharma, A.M.2
  • 96
    • 0016602242 scopus 로고
    • Lipid droplets in the heart interstitium: Concentration and distribution
    • Roy PE. Lipid droplets in the heart interstitium: concentration and distribution. Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab. 1975;10:17-27.
    • (1975) Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab , vol.10 , pp. 17-27
    • Roy, P.E.1
  • 97
    • 0029120913 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage
    • Shirani J, Berezowski K, Roberts WC. Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:414-8.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.76 , pp. 414-418
    • Shirani, J.1    Berezowski, K.2    Roberts, W.C.3
  • 99
    • 50949130158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of epicardial and pericoronary fat to coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcium in patients undergoing coronary angiography
    • Gorter PM, de Vos AM, van der Graaf Y, Stella PR, Doevendans PA, Meijs MF, et al. Relation of epicardial and pericoronary fat to coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcium in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:380-5.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.102 , pp. 380-385
    • Gorter, P.M.1    De Vos, A.M.2    Van Der Graaf, Y.3    Stella, P.R.4    Doevendans, P.A.5    Meijs, M.F.6
  • 100
    • 42949158345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue by echocardiography to coronary artery disease
    • Ahn SG, Lim HS, Joe DY, Kang SJ, Choi BJ, Choi SY, et al. Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue by echocardiography to coronary artery disease. Heart. 2008; 94:e7.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94
    • Ahn, S.G.1    Lim, H.S.2    Joe, D.Y.3    Kang, S.J.4    Choi, B.J.5    Choi, S.Y.6
  • 102
    • 78650056001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in the relationship between pericardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcified plaque: African-American-diabetes heart study
    • Divers J, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Carr JJ, Hightower RC, Register TC, et al. Ethnic differences in the relationship between pericardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcified plaque: African-American-diabetes heart study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:5382-9.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 5382-5389
    • Divers, J.1    Wagenknecht, L.E.2    Bowden, D.W.3    Carr, J.J.4    Hightower, R.C.5    Register, T.C.6
  • 103
    • 40149093610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Ruberg FL, Mahabadi AA, Vasan RS, et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117:605-13.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 605-613
    • Rosito, G.A.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Hoffmann, U.3    Ruberg, F.L.4    Mahabadi, A.A.5    Vasan, R.S.6
  • 104
    • 64849115634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Mahabadi AA, Massaro JM, Rosito GA, Levy D, Murabito JM, Wolf PA, et al. Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:850-6.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 850-856
    • Mahabadi, A.A.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Rosito, G.A.3    Levy, D.4    Murabito, J.M.5    Wolf, P.A.6
  • 105
    • 65249105424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and measures of left ventricular structure and function: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Fox CS, Gona P, Hoffmann U, Porter SA, Salton CJ, Massaro JM, et al. Pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and measures of left ventricular structure and function: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009;119:1586-91.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 1586-1591
    • Fox, C.S.1    Gona, P.2    Hoffmann, U.3    Porter, S.A.4    Salton, C.J.5    Massaro, J.M.6
  • 106
    • 34548385838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac steatosis in diabetes mellitus: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • McGavock JM, Lingvay I, Zib I, Tillery T, Salas N, Unger R, et al. Cardiac steatosis in diabetes mellitus: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Circulation. 2007;116: 1170-5.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1170-1175
    • McGavock, J.M.1    Lingvay, I.2    Zib, I.3    Tillery, T.4    Salas, N.5    Unger, R.6
  • 108
    • 0022048839 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular function of the isolated, genetically obese rat' s heart
    • Paradise NF, Pilati CF, Payne WR, Finkelstein JA. Left ventricular function of the isolated, genetically obese rat' s heart. Am J Physiol. 1985;248(4 Pt 2):H438-44.
    • (1985) Am J Physiol , vol.248 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Paradise, N.F.1    Pilati, C.F.2    Payne, W.R.3    Finkelstein, J.A.4
  • 109
    • 33751546348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial triglyceride content and epicardial fat mass in human obesity: Relationship to left ventricular function and serum free fatty acid levels
    • Kankaanpaa M, Lehto HR, Parkka JP, Komu M, Viljanen A, Ferrannini E, et al. Myocardial triglyceride content and epicardial fat mass in human obesity: relationship to left ventricular function and serum free fatty acid levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4689-95.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 4689-4695
    • Kankaanpaa, M.1    Lehto, H.R.2    Parkka, J.P.3    Komu, M.4    Viljanen, A.5    Ferrannini, E.6
  • 111
    • 58649083930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss in obesity reduces epicardial fat thickness; So what?
    • Sacks HS. Weight loss in obesity reduces epicardial fat thickness; so what? J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:1-2.
    • (2009) J Appl Physiol , vol.106 , pp. 1-2
    • Sacks, H.S.1
  • 114
    • 48049089164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of coronary artery disease is associated with increased IL-6 and decreased adiponectin gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue
    • Eiras S, Teijeira-Fernandez E, Shamagian LG, Fernandez AL, Vazquez-Boquete A, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR. Extension of coronary artery disease is associated with increased IL-6 and decreased adiponectin gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue. Cytokine. 2008;43:174-80.
    • (2008) Cytokine , vol.43 , pp. 174-180
    • Eiras, S.1    Teijeira-Fernandez, E.2    Shamagian, L.G.3    Fernandez, A.L.4    Vazquez-Boquete, A.5    Gonzalez-Juanatey, J.R.6
  • 116
    • 79956127761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory genes in epicardial fat contiguous with coronary atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Changes associated with pioglitazone
    • Sacks HS, Fain JN, Cheema P, Bahouth SW, Garrett E, Wolf RY, et al. Inflammatory genes in epicardial fat contiguous with coronary atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: changes associated with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care.2011;34:730-3.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 730-733
    • Sacks, H.S.1    Fain, J.N.2    Cheema, P.3    Bahouth, S.W.4    Garrett, E.5    Wolf, R.Y.6
  • 117
    • 0032960890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects
    • Jacob S, Machann J, Rett K, Brechtel K, Volk A, Renn W, et al. Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1999;48:1113-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Jacob, S.1    MacHann, J.2    Rett, K.3    Brechtel, K.4    Volk, A.5    Renn, W.6
  • 118
    • 0038697895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramyocellular lipids: Anthropometric determinants and relationships with maximal aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity
    • Thamer C, Machann J, Bachmann O, Haap M, Dahl D, Wietek B, et al. Intramyocellular lipids: anthropometric determinants and relationships with maximal aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1785-91.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 1785-1791
    • Thamer, C.1    MacHann, J.2    Bachmann, O.3    Haap, M.4    Dahl, D.5    Wietek, B.6
  • 119
    • 34548321236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermuscular adipose tissue rivals visceral adipose tissue in independent associations with cardiovascular risk
    • Yim JE, Heshka S, Albu J, Heymsfield S, Kuznia P, Harris T, et al. Intermuscular adipose tissue rivals visceral adipose tissue in independent associations with cardiovascular risk. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31:1400-5.
    • (2007) Int J Obes (Lond , vol.31 , pp. 1400-1405
    • Yim, J.E.1    Heshka, S.2    Albu, J.3    Heymsfield, S.4    Kuznia, P.5    Harris, T.6
  • 120
    • 0042810882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women
    • Goodpaster BH, Krishnaswami S, Resnick H, Kelley DE, Haggerty C, Harris TB, et al. Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:372-9.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 372-379
    • Goodpaster, B.H.1    Krishnaswami, S.2    Resnick, H.3    Kelley, D.E.4    Haggerty, C.5    Harris, T.B.6
  • 123
    • 36649027452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue specificity of insulin resistance in humans: Fat in the liver rather than muscle is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome
    • Kotronen A, Seppala-Lindroos A, Bergholm R, Yki-Jarvinen H. Tissue specificity of insulin resistance in humans: fat in the liver rather than muscle is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 2008;51:130-8.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 130-138
    • Kotronen, A.1    Seppala-Lindroos, A.2    Bergholm, R.3    Yki-Jarvinen, H.4
  • 125
    • 0032030866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic exposure to free fatty acid reduces pancreatic beta cell insulin content by increasing basal insulin secretion that is not compensated for by a corresponding increase in proinsulin biosynthesis translation
    • Bollheimer LC, Skelly RH, Chester MW, McGarry JD, Rhodes CJ. Chronic exposure to free fatty acid reduces pancreatic beta cell insulin content by increasing basal insulin secretion that is not compensated for by a corresponding increase in proinsulin biosynthesis translation. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:1094-101.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Bollheimer, L.C.1    Skelly, R.H.2    Chester, M.W.3    McGarry, J.D.4    Rhodes, C.J.5
  • 126
    • 0035125917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxicity of beta-cells in obesity and in other causes of fatty acid spillover
    • Unger RH, Zhou YT. Lipotoxicity of beta-cells in obesity and in other causes of fatty acid spillover. Diabetes. 2001;50 Suppl 1:S118-21.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Unger, R.H.1    Zhou, Y.T.2
  • 127
    • 0027947379 scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rats: Impairment in adipocyte-beta-cell relationships
    • 8
    • Lee Y, Hirose H, Ohneda M, Johnson JH, McGarry JD, Unger RH. Beta-cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rats: impairment in adipocyte-beta-cell relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994 8;91:10878-82.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 10878-10882
    • Lee, Y.1    Hirose, H.2    Ohneda, M.3    Johnson, J.H.4    McGarry, J.D.5    Unger, R.H.6
  • 128
    • 79951705814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas, liver, and abdominal fat depots: Impact on betacell function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism
    • van der Zijl NJ, Goossens GH, Moors CC, van Raalte DH, Muskiet MH, Pouwels PJ, et al. Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas, liver, and abdominal fat depots: impact on betacell function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:459-67.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 459-467
    • Van Der Zijl, N.J.1    Goossens, G.H.2    Moors, C.C.3    Van Raalte, D.H.4    Muskiet, M.H.5    Pouwels, P.J.6
  • 129
    • 77952396750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic fat is negatively associated with insulin secretion in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance: A nuclear magnetic resonance study
    • Heni M, Machann J, Staiger H, Schwenzer NF, Peter A, Schick F, et al. Pancreatic fat is negatively associated with insulin secretion in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance: a nuclear magnetic resonance study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2010;26:200-5.
    • (2010) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.26 , pp. 200-205
    • Heni, M.1    MacHann, J.2    Staiger, H.3    Schwenzer, N.F.4    Peter, A.5    Schick, F.6
  • 130
    • 33847722655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell ABCA1 influences insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and response to thiazolidinedione treatment
    • Brunham LR, Kruit JK, Pape TD, Timmins JM, Reuwer AQ, Vasanji Z, et al. Beta-cell ABCA1 influences insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and response to thiazolidinedione treatment. Nat Med. 2007;13:340-7.
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , pp. 340-347
    • Brunham, L.R.1    Kruit, J.K.2    Pape, T.D.3    Timmins, J.M.4    Reuwer, A.Q.5    Vasanji, Z.6
  • 133
    • 0035461481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the relationship between adipose tissue and waist girth altered by weight loss in obese men?
    • Par é A, Dumont M, Lemieux I, Brochu M, Almé ras N, Lemieux S, et al. Is the relationship between adipose tissue and waist girth altered by weight loss in obese men? Obes Res. 2001;9:526-34.
    • (2001) Obes Res , vol.9 , pp. 526-534
    • Par, É.A.1    Dumont, M.2    Lemieux, I.3    Brochu, M.4    Almé Ras, N.5    Lemieux, S.6
  • 134
    • 0027585532 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography
    • Longo R, Ricci C, Masutti F, Vidimari R, Croce LS, Bercich L, et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography. Invest Radiol. 1993;28:297-302.
    • (1993) Invest Radiol , vol.28 , pp. 297-302
    • Longo, R.1    Ricci, C.2    Masutti, F.3    Vidimari, R.4    Croce, L.S.5    Bercich, L.6
  • 135
    • 0032560807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction
    • Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998;339: 229-34.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 229-234
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Lehto, S.2    Ronnemaa, T.3    Pyorala, K.4    Laakso, M.5
  • 136
    • 58849090589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of prognosis for men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and men with cardiovascular disease
    • Dagenais GR, St-Pierre A, Gilbert P, Lamarche B, Despré s JP, Bernard PM, et al. Comparison of prognosis for men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and men with cardiovascular disease. CMAJ. 2009;180:40-7.
    • (2009) CMAJ , vol.180 , pp. 40-47
    • Dagenais, G.R.1    St-Pierre, A.2    Gilbert, P.3    Lamarche, B.4    Despré, S.J.P.5    Bernard, P.M.6
  • 137
    • 68149131516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GHb level and subsequent mortality among adults in the U.S
    • Saydah S, Tao M, Imperatore G, Gregg E. GHb level and subsequent mortality among adults in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1440-6.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1440-1446
    • Saydah, S.1    Tao, M.2    Imperatore, G.3    Gregg, E.4
  • 138
    • 0027253061 scopus 로고
    • Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus
    • Nathan DM. Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1676-85.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1676-1685
    • Nathan, D.M.1
  • 139
    • 58549094758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathologic continuum of diabetic vascular disease
    • Orasanu G, Plutzky J. The pathologic continuum of diabetic vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5 Suppl):S35-42.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
    • Orasanu, G.1    Plutzky, J.2
  • 140
    • 0141615827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part i
    • Creager MA, Luscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I. Circulation. 2003;108:1527-32.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1527-1532
    • Creager, M.A.1    Luscher, T.F.2    Cosentino, F.3    Beckman, J.A.4
  • 141
    • 45149133036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560-72.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Patel, A.1    MacMahon, S.2    Chalmers, J.3    Neal, B.4    Billot, L.5    Woodward, M.6
  • 144
    • 38149099316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes without the atherogenic metabolic triad does not predict angiographically assessed coronary artery disease in women
    • Blackburn P, Lemieux I, Lamarche B, Bergeron J, Perron P, Tremblay G, et al. Type 2 diabetes without the atherogenic metabolic triad does not predict angiographically assessed coronary artery disease in women. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:170-2.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 170-172
    • Blackburn, P.1    Lemieux, I.2    Lamarche, B.3    Bergeron, J.4    Perron, P.5    Tremblay, G.6
  • 145
    • 0032515775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23
    • Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Matthews DR, et al. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23). BMJ. 1998;316:823-8.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 823-828
    • Turner, R.C.1    Millns, H.2    Neil, H.A.3    Stratton, I.M.4    Manley, S.E.5    Matthews, D.R.6
  • 146
    • 1842301672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia predict coronary heart disease events in middle-aged patients with NIDDM
    • Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Haffner SM, Pyorala K, Kallio V, Laakso M. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia predict coronary heart disease events in middle-aged patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1997;46:1354-9.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Lehto, S.1    Ronnemaa, T.2    Haffner, S.M.3    Pyorala, K.4    Kallio, V.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 147
    • 0037407403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older
    • Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM. NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes. 2003;52:1210-4.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1210-1214
    • Alexander, C.M.1    Landsman, P.B.2    Teutsch, S.M.3    Haffner, S.M.4
  • 149
    • 17144389303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: The Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial
    • Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, Haffner S, Ratner R, Marcovina S, et al. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:611-9.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.142 , pp. 611-619
    • Orchard, T.J.1    Temprosa, M.2    Goldberg, R.3    Haffner, S.4    Ratner, R.5    Marcovina, S.6
  • 150
    • 77957690115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial
    • Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170: 1566-75.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 1566-1575
    • Wing, R.R.1
  • 151
    • 33748303084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: Analysis of the Treating to New Targets study
    • Deedwania P, Barter P, Carmena R, Fruchart JC, Grundy SM, Haffner S, et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet. 2006;368:919-28.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 919-928
    • Deedwania, P.1    Barter, P.2    Carmena, R.3    Fruchart, J.C.4    Grundy, S.M.5    Haffner, S.6
  • 152
    • 0035910051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride on coronary heart disease events and response to simvastatin therapy in 4S
    • Ballantyne CM, Olsson AG, Cook TJ, Mercuri MF, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J. Influence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride on coronary heart disease events and response to simvastatin therapy in 4S. Circulation. 2001;104:3046-51.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 3046-3051
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Cook, T.J.3    Mercuri, M.F.4    Pedersen, T.R.5    Kjekshus, J.6
  • 153
    • 64749095070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9,795 individuals with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome: The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study
    • Scott R, O'B rien R, Fulcher G, Pardy C, D' E mden M, Tse D, et al. Effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9,795 individuals with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:493-8.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 493-498
    • Scott, R.1    O'B Rien, R.2    Fulcher, G.3    Pardy, C.4    Mden M, D.'.E.5    Tse, D.6
  • 155
    • 0031057614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease 1980-1990. The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment
    • Hunink MG, Goldman L, Tosteson AN, Mittleman MA, Goldman PA, Williams LW, et al. The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990. The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment. JAMA. 1997;277:535-42.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 535-542
    • Hunink, M.G.1    Goldman, L.2    Tosteson, A.N.3    Mittleman, M.A.4    Goldman, P.A.5    Williams, L.W.6
  • 157
    • 33846422032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and diabetes in the developing world-A growing challenge
    • Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world-a growing challenge. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:213-5.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 213-215
    • Hossain, P.1    Kawar, B.2    El Nahas, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.