Integrating Mindfulness Training into K-12 Education: Fostering the Resilience of Teachers and Students

Mindfulness

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 291-307

  Meiklejohn, John ^a   Phillips, Catherine ^b   Freedman, M Lee ^a   Griffin, Mary Lee ^c   Biegel, Gina ^d   Roach, Andy ^e   Frank, Jenny ^f   Burke, Christine ^g   Pinger, Laura ^h   Soloway, Geoff ⁱ   Isberg, Roberta ^j   Sibinga, Erica ^k   Grossman, Laurie ^l   Saltzman, Amy ^a  

^a Broad Street Psychotherapy Associates ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c WHEATON COLLEGE   (United States)

^d Stressed Teens Program   (United States)

^e ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^h UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^j HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^k JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l Mindful Schools   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Attention regulation; Emotional self regulation; Mindful teaching; Mindfulness based stress reduction; Social emotional learning; Stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867484275     PISSN: 18688527     EISSN: 18688535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0094-5     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125-143. doi: 10. 1093/clipsy. bpg015.
2. Beauchemin, J., Hutchins, T. L., & Patterson, F. (2008). Mindfulness meditation may lessen anxiety, promote social skills, and improve academic performance among adolescents with learning disabilities. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13, 34-45. doi: 10. 1177/1533210107311624.
3. Biegel, G. M., Brown, K. W., Shapiro, S. L., & Schubert, C. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 77, 855-866. doi: 10. 1037/a0016241.
4. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230-241. doi: 10. 1093/clipsy. bph077.
5. Bogels, S., Hoogstad, B., van Dun, L., De Shutter, S., & Restifo, K. (2008). Mindfulness training for adolescents with externalising disorders and their parents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 193-209. doi: 10. 1017/S1352465808004190.
6. Bootzin, R. R., & Stevens, S. J. (2005). Adolescents, substance abuse, and the treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 629-644.
7. Broderick, P. C., & Metz, S. (2009). Learning to BREATHE: A pilot trial of a mindfulness curriculum for adolescents. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2, 35-46.
8. Brown, K., Ryan, R., & Creswell, J. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.
9. Brown, K., West, A., Loverich, T., & Biegel, G. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted mindful attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment, 23, 1023-1033. doi: 10. 1037/a0021338.
10. Burke, C. (2010). Mindfulness-based approaches with children and adolescents: A preliminary review of current research in an emergent field. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 133-144. doi: 10. 1007/s10826-009-9282-x.
11. Chan, R. C. K., Shum, D., Toulopoulou, T., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2008). "Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23(2), 201-216. doi: 10. 1016/j. acn. 2007. 08. 010 DOI: dx. doi. org.
12. Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., et al. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564-570. doi: 10. 1097/01. PSY. 0000077505. 67574. E3.
13. Epel, E., Blackburn, E. H., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Adler, N. E., Morrow, J. D., et al. (2004). Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(49), 17312-17315. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0407162101.
14. Epel, E., Daubenmier, J., Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., & Blackburn, E. (2009). Can meditation slow rate of cellular aging? Cognitive stress, mindfulness, and telomeres. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1172, 34-53. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1749-6632. 2009. 04414. x.
15. Evans, G., & Schamberg, M. (2009). Childhood poverty, chronic stress, and adult working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106, 6545-6549. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0811910106.
16. Flook, L., Smalley, S. L., Kitil, J., Galla, B. M., Kaiser-Greenland, S., Locke, J., et al. (2010). Effects of mindful awareness practices on executive functions in elementary school children. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26(1), 70-95. doi: 10. 1080/15377900903379125.
17. Gatz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. doi: 10. 1023/B: JOBA. 0000007455. 08539. 94.
18. Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23, 606-614. doi: 10. 1037/a0022819.
19. Greeson, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness research update: 2008. Complementary Health Practice Review, 14(1), 10-18. doi: 10. 1177/1533210108329862.
20. Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35-43. doi: 10. 1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7 DOI: dx. doi. org.
21. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
22. Hedges, D. W., & Woon, F. L. (2010). Early life stress and cognitive outcome. Psychopharmacology, 214(1), 121-130. doi: 10. 1007/s00213-010-2090-6.
23. Hicks, S., & Bien, T. (2008). Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship. New York: The Guilford Press.
24. Hölzel, B. K., Ott, U., Gard, T., Hempel, H., Weygandt, M., Morgen, K., et al. (2008). Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3, 55-61. doi: 10. 1093/scan/nsm038.
25. Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., et al. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 191, 36-42.
26. Huppert, F. A., & Johnson, D. A. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 264-274. doi: 10. 1080/17439761003794148.
27. Jacobs, T. L., Epel, E., Lin, J., Blackburn, E., Wolkowitz, O., Bridwell, D., et al. (2011). Intensive meditation training, immune cell telomerase activity, and psychological mediators. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(5), 664-681. doi: 10. 1016/j. psyneuen. 2010. 09. 010.
28. Jennings, P. (2009). Garrison Institute's CARE Program for Teachers Receives Federal Funding. Retrieved January 16, 2011, from: http://www. garrisoninstitute. org/index. php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=108&Itemid=1138&limitstart=40.
29. Jennings, P. A. (2011). Promoting teachers' social and emotional competencies to support performance and reduce burnout. In A. Cohan & A. Honigsfeld (Eds.), Breaking the mold of pre-service and in-service teacher education: Innovative and successful practices for the 21st century (pp. 133-143). New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
30. Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79, 491-525. doi: 10. 3102/0034654308325693.
31. Jennings, P. A., Snowberg, K. E., Coccia, M. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2011). Improving classroom learning environments by cultivating awareness and resilience in education (CARE): Results of two pilot studies. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 46(1), 37-48.
32. Jennings, P. A., Lantieri, L., & Roeser, R. W. (2011). Supporting educational goals through cultivating mindfulness: Approaches for teachers and students. In A. Higgins-D'Alessandro, M. Corrigan and P. Brown (eds.), Handbook of prosocial education. (in press). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
33. Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 109-119. doi: 10. 3758/CABN. 7. 2. 109.
34. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Bantam Dell.
35. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. doi: 10. 1093/clipsy. bpg016.
36. Kerrigan, D., Johnson, K., Stewart, M., Magyari, T., Hutton, N., Ellen, J. M., et al. (2011). Perceptions, experiences, and shifts in perspective occurring among urban youth participating in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 96-101. doi: 10. 1016/j. ctcp. 2010. 08. 003.
37. Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Wasserman, R. H., Gray, J. R., Greve, D. N., Treadway, M. T., et al. (2005). Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. Neuroreport, 16(17), 1893-1897.
38. Lee, J., Semple, R. J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Results of a pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(1), 15-28. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1891/0889. 8391. 22. 1. 15.
39. Liehr, P., & Diaz, N. (2010). A pilot study examining the effect of mindfulness on depression and anxiety for minority children. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 69-71. doi: 10. 1016/j. apnu. 2009. 10. 001.
40. Linehan, M. M., Comtois, K. A., Murray, A. M., Brown, M. Z., Gallop, R. J., Heard, H. L., et al. (2006). Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 757-766.
41. Luders, E., Toga, A. W., Lepore, N., & Gaser, C. (2009). The underlying anatomical correlates of long-term meditation: Larger hippocampal and frontal volumes of gray matter. NeuroImage, 45(3), 672-678.
42. Ludwig, D. S., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2008). Mindfulness in medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300(11), 1350-1352. doi: 10. 1001/jama. 300. 11. 1350.
43. Metis Associates. (2011). Building inner resilience in teachers and their students: Results of the inner resilience pilot program. Retrieved June 1, 2011 from the Inner Resilience Program web site: http://innerresilience. org/documents/IRP_Pilot_Program_Results_AERA2011_updated_6. 9. pdf.
44. Montgomery, C., & Rupp, A. (2005). A meta-analysis for exploring the diverse causes and effects of stress in teachers. Canadian Journal of Education, 28(3), 458-486.
45. Napoli, M., Krech, P. R., & Holley, L. C. (2005). Mindfulness training for elementary school students: The attention academy. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21, 99-125. doi: 10. 1300/J370v21n01_05.
46. National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2007). The science of early childhood development. Retrieved on December 10, 2010 from http://www. developingchild. net.
47. Poulin, P. A. (2009). Mindfulness-based wellness education: A longitudinal evaluation with students in initial teacher education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
48. Poulin, P. A., Mackenzie, C. S., Soloway, G., & Karayolas, E. (2008). Mindfulness training as an evidenced-based approach to reducing stress and promoting well-being among human services professionals. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 46, 35-43.
49. Ruff, K. M., & Mackenzie, E. R. (2009). The role of mindfulness in healthcare reform: A policy paper. Explore, 5(6), 313-323. doi: 10. 1016/j. explore. 2009. 10. 002.
50. Saltzman, A., & Goldin, P. (2008). Mindfulness based stress reduction for school-age children. In S. C. Hayes & L. A. Greco (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness interventions for children adolescents and families (pp. 139-161). Oakland: Context Press/New Harbinger.
51. Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Lawlor, M. S. (2010). The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre- and early adolescents' well-being and social and emotional competence. Mindfulness, 1, 137-151. doi: 10. 1007/s12671-010-0011-8.
52. Schwartz, J. M., & Begley, S. (2002). The mind and the brain: Neuroplasticity and the power of mental force. New York: Regan Books an imprint of Harper Collins Publishers.
53. Semple, R. J., Reid, E. F., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: An open trial of mindfulness training for anxious children. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(4), 379-392. doi: 10. 1891/jcop. 2005. 19. 4. 379.
54. Semple, R. J., Lee, J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. F. (2009). A randomized trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Promoting mindful attention to enhance social-emotional resiliency in children. Journal of Child and Family Studies. doi: 10. 1007/s10826-10009-19301-y.
55. Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L. E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness into psychology and the helping professions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
56. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373-386. doi: 10. 1002/jclp. 20237.
57. Sibinga, E., Stewart, M., Magyari, T., Welsh, C., Hutton, N., & Ellen, J. (2008). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV-infected youth: A pilot study. Explore, 4, 36-37. doi: 10. 1016/j. explore. 2007. 10. 002.
58. Sibinga, E., Kerrigan, D., Stewart, M., Johnson, K., Magyari, T., & Ellen, J. (2011). Mindfulness instruction for urban youth. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17, 1-6. doi: 10. 1089/acm. 2009. 0605.
59. Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York: Guilford Press.
60. Soloway, G. B. (2011). Preparing teachers for the present: Exploring the praxis of mindfulness training in teacher education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Ontario.
61. Soloway, G. B., Poulin, A., & Mackenzie, C. S. (2011). Preparing new teachers for the full catastrophe of the 21st century classroom: Integrating mindfulness training into initial teacher education. In A. Cohan & A. Honigsfeld (Eds.), Breaking the mold of pre-service and in-service teacher education (pp. 221-227). Lanham: R and L Education.
62. Speca, M., Carlson, L. E., Goodey, E., & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: The effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 613-622.
63. Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623.
64. Tortora, S. (2005). The dancing dialogue: Using the communicative power of movement with young children (1st ed.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.
65. Wall, R. B. (2005). Tai chi and mindfulness-based stress reduction in a Boston middle school. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 19, 230-237. doi: 10. 1016/j. pedhc. 2005. 02. 006.
66. Wasson, J. M. (Dec. 2010/Jan. 2011). The power of being heard. Educational Leadership, 68 (4), The Effective Educator. Retrieved August 15, 2011 from: http://www. ascd. org/publications/educational-leadership/dec10/vol68/num04/The-Power-of-Being-Heard. aspx.
67. West, A. M. (2008). Mindfulness and well-being in adolescence: An exploration of four mindfulness measures with an adolescent sample. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 69(05), 3283.
68. West, A. M., Sbraga, T. P., & Poole, D. A. (2007). Measuring mindfulness in youth: Development of the Mindful Thinking and Action Scale for Adolescents. Unpublished manuscript, Central Michigan University.
69. What Works Clearinghouse. (2008). WWC procedure and standards handbook. Washington, DC: Retrieved January 1, 2009 from: http://ies. ed. gov/ncee/wwc/references/idocviewer/doc. aspx?docid=19&tocid=1.
70. Zylowska, L., Ackerman, D. L., Yang, M. H., Futrell, J. L., Horton, N. L., Hale, S. T., et al. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training with adults and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11, 737-746. doi: 10. 1177/1087054707308502.