Imaging regional PAO 2 and gas exchange

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 113, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 340-352

  Petersson, Johan ^a,b   Glenny, Robb W ^c  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Functional lung imaging; Pulmonary ventilation; Radionuclide imaging; Regional blood flow; Respiratory physiology

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; HUMAN; LUNG; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR IMAGING; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; LUNG; MOLECULAR IMAGING; PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE;

EID: 84864208505     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00173.2012     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Agnew JE, Francis RA, Pavia D, Clarke SW. Quantitative comparison of 99Tcm-aerosol and 81Krm ventilation images. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 3: 21-30, 1982.
2. Almquist H, Jonson B, Palmer J, Valind S, Wollmer P. Regional VA/Q ratios in man using 133Xe and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) corrected for attenuation. Clin Physiol 19: 475-481, 1999.
3. Altemeier WA, McKinney S, Krueger M, Glenny RW. Effect of posture on regional gas exchange in pigs. J Appl Physiol 97: 2104-2111, 2004.
4. Altemeier WA, Robertson HT, Glenny RW. Pulmonary gas-exchange analysis by using simultaneous deposition of aerolized and injected microspheres. J Appl Physiol 85: 2344-2351, 1998.
5. Altes TA, Rehm PK, Harrell F, Salerno M, Daniel TM, De Lange EE. Ventilation imaging of the lung: comparison of hyperpolarized helium-3 MR imaging with Xe-133 scintigraphy. Acad Radiol 11: 729-734, 2004.
6. Anthonisen NR, Dolovich MB, Bates DV. Steady state measurement of regional ventilation to perfusion ratios in normal man. J Clin Invest 45: 1349-1356, 1966.
7. Anthonisen NR, Milic-Emili J. Distribution of pulmonary perfusion in erect man. J Appl Physiol 21: 760-766, 1966.
8. Bellani G, Amigoni M, Pesenti A. Positron emission tomography in ARDS: a new look at an old syndrome. Minerva Anestesiol 77: 439-447, 2011.
9. Bodenstein M, David M, Markstaller K. Principles of electrical impedance tomography and its clinical application. Crit Care Med 37: 713-724, 2009.
10. Borges JB, Suarez-Sipmann F, Bohm SH, Tusman G, Melo A, Maripuu E, Sandstrom M, Park M, Costa EL, Hedenstierna G, Amato M. Regional lung perfusion estimated by electrical impedance tomography in a piglet model of lung collapse. J Appl Physiol 112: 225-236, 2012.
11. Burch WM, Sullivan PJ, McLaren CJ. Technegas-a new ventilation agent for lung scanning. Nucl Med Commun 7: 865-871, 1986.
12. Cabahug CJ, McPeck M, Palmer LB, Cuccia A, Atkins HL, Smaldone GC. Utility of technetium-99m-DTPA in determining regional ventilation. J Nucl Med 37: 239-244, 1996.
13. Coghe J, Votion D, Lekeux P. Comparison between radioactive aerosol, technegas and krypton for ventilation imaging in healthy calves. Vet J 160: 25-32, 2000.
14. Costa EL, Lima RG, Amato MB. Electrical impedance tomography. Curr Opin Crit Care 15: 18-24, 2009.
15. Deninger AJ, Eberle B, Bermuth J, Escat B, Markstaller K, Schmiedeskamp J, Schreiber WG, Surkau R, Otten E, Kauczor HU. Assessment of a single-acquisition imaging sequence for oxygen-sensitive (3)He-MRI. Magn Reson Med 47: 105-114, 2002.
16. Deninger AJ, Eberle B, Ebert M, Grossmann T, Hanisch G, Heil W, Kauczor HU, Markstaller K, Otten E, Schreiber W, Surkau R, Weiler N. (3)He-MRI-based measurements of intrapulmonary p(O2) and its time course during apnea in healthy volunteers: first results, reproducibility, and technical limitations. NMR Biomed 13: 194-201, 2000.
17. Deninger AJ, Eberle B, Ebert M, Grossmann T, Heil W, Kauczor H, Lauer L, Markstaller K, Otten E, Schmiedeskamp J, Schreiber W, Surkau R, Thelen M, Weiler N. Quantification of regional intrapulmonary oxygen partial pressure evolution during apnea by (3)He MRI. J Magn Reson 141: 207-216, 1999.
18. Diaz S, Casselbrant I, Piitulainen E, Magnusson P, Peterson B, Wollmer P, Leander P, Ekberg O, Akeson P. Validity of apparent diffusion coefficient hyperpolarized 3He-MRI using MSCT and pulmonary function tests as references. Eur J Radiol 71: 257-263, 2009.
19. Driehuys B, Cofer GP, Pollaro J, Mackel JB, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA. Imaging alveolar-capillary gas transfer using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 18278-18283, 2006.
20. Driehuys B, Moller HE, Cleveland ZI, Pollaro J, Hedlund LW. Pulmonary perfusion and xenon gas exchange in rats: MR imaging with intravenous injection of hyperpolarized 129Xe. Radiology 252: 386-393, 2009.
21. 2 concentration by MR imaging of inhaled hyperpolarized helium-3. J Appl Physiol 87: 2043-2052, 1999.
22. Eger EI 2nd, Larson CP Jr. Anaesthetic solubility in blood and tissues: values and significance. Br J Anaesth 36: 140-144, 1964.
23. Evans A, McCormack DG, Santyr G, Parraga G. Mapping and quantifying hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficient gradients. J Appl Physiol 105: 693-699, 2008.
24. Fagerberg A, Sondergaard S, Karason S, Aneman A. Electrical impedance tomography and heterogeneity of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in porcine acute lung injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53: 1300-1309, 2009.
25. Fagerberg A, Stenqvist O, Aneman A. Electrical impedance tomography applied to assess matching of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in a porcine experimental model. Crit Care 13: R34, 2009.
26. Fagerberg A, Stenqvist O, Aneman A. Monitoring pulmonary perfusion by electrical impedance tomography: an evaluation in a pig model. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53: 152-158, 2009.
27. Fain S, Schiebler ML, McCormack DG, Parraga G. Imaging of lung function using hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging: Review of current and emerging translational methods and applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 32: 1398-1408, 2010.
28. Fischer MC, Kadlecek S, Yu J, Ishii M, Emami K, Vahdat V, Lipson DA, Rizi RR. Measurements of regional alveolar oxygen pressure using hyperpolarized 3He MRI. Acad Radiol 12: 1430-1439, 2005.
29. Frerichs I, Hinz J, Herrmann P, Weisser G, Hahn G, Quintel M, Hellige G. Regional lung perfusion as determined by electrical impedance tomography in comparison with electron beam CT imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21: 646-652, 2002.
30. Galletti GG, Venegas JG. Tracer kinetic model of regional pulmonary function using positron emission tomography. J Appl Physiol 93: 1104-1114, 2002.
31. Harris RS, Schuster DP. Visualizing lung function with positron emission tomography. J Appl Physiol 102: 448-458, 2007.
32. Harris RS, Winkler T, Tgavalekos N, Musch G, Melo MF, Schroeder T, Chang Y, Venegas JG. Regional pulmonary perfusion, inflation, and ventilation defects in bronchoconstricted patients with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174: 245-253, 2006.
33. Hinz J, Neumann P, Dudykevych T, Andersson LG, Wrigge H, Burchardi H, Hedenstierna G. Regional ventilation by electrical impedance tomography: a comparison with ventilation scintigraphy in pigs. Chest 124: 314-322, 2003.
34. Kadlecek S, Mongkolwisetwara P, Xin Y, Ishii M, Profka H, Emami K, Rizi R. Regional determination of oxygen uptake in rodent lungs using hyperpolarized gas and an analytical treatment of intrapulmonary gas redistribution. NMR Biomed 10: 1253-1263, 2011.
35. Kunst PW, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Hoekstra OS, Postmus PE, de Vries PM. Ventilation and perfusion imaging by electrical impedance tomography: a comparison with radionuclide scanning. Physiol Meas 19: 481-490, 1998.
36. Lamm WJ, Graham MM, Albert RK. Mechanism by which the prone position improves oxygenation in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150: 184-193, 1994.
37. Lipson DA, Roberts DA, Hansen-Flaschen J, Gentile TR, Jones G, Thompson A, Dimitrov IE, Palevsky HI, Leigh JS, Schnall M, Rizi RR. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scanning using hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI and arterial spin tagging in healthy normal subjects and in pulmonary embolism and orthotopic lung transplant patients. Magn Reson Med 47: 1073-1076, 2002.
38. Lowhagen K, Lundin S, Stenqvist O. Regional intratidal gas distribution in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome-assessed by electric impedance tomography. Minerva Anestesiol 76: 1024-1035, 2010.
39. Matsuoka S, Patz S, Albert MS, Sun Y, Rizi RR, Gefter WB, Hatabu H. Hyperpolarized gas MR Imaging of the lung: current status as a research tool. J Thorac Imaging 24: 181-188, 2009.
40. Mijailovich SM, Treppo S, Venegas JG. Effects of lung motion and tracer kinetics corrections on PET imaging of pulmonary function. J Appl Physiol 82: 1154-1162, 1997.
41. Miller KW, Reo NV, Schoot Uiterkamp AJ, Stengle DP, Stengle TR, Williamson KL. Xenon NMR: chemical shifts of a general anesthetic in common solvents, proteins, and membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4946-4949, 1981.
42. Mintun MA, Ter-Pogossian MM, Green MA, Lich LL, Schuster DP. Quantitative measurement of regional pulmonary blood flow with positron emission tomography. J Appl Physiol 60: 317-326, 1986.
43. Muders T, Luepschen H, Putensen C. Impedance tomography as a new monitoring technique. Curr Opin Crit Care 16: 269-275, 2010.
44. Mure M, Domino KB, Lindahl SG, Hlastala MP, Altemeier WA, Glenny RW. Regional ventilation-perfusion distribution is more uniform in the prone position. J Appl Physiol 88: 1076-1083, 2000.
45. Mure M, Nyren S, Jacobsson H, Larsson SA, Lindahl SG. High continuous positive airway pressure level induces ventilation/perfusion mismatch in the prone position. Crit Care Med 29: 959-964, 2001.
46. Musch G, Layfield JD, Harris RS, Melo MF, Winkler T, Callahan RJ, Fischman AJ, Venegas JG. Topographical distribution of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation, assessed by PET in supine and prone humans. J Appl Physiol 93: 1841-1851, 2002.
47. Musch G, Venegas JG. Positron emission tomography imaging of regional pulmonary perfusion and ventilation. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2: 522-527, 508-529, 2005.
48. Nouls J, Fanarjian M, Hedlund L, Driehuys B. A constant-volume ventilator and gas recapture system for hyperpolarized gas MRI of mouse and rat lungs. Concepts Magn Reson Part B Magn Reson Eng 39B: 78-88, 2011.
49. Nyren S, Radell P, Lindahl SG, Mure M, Petersson J, Larsson SA, Jacobsson H, Sanchez-Crespo A. Lung ventilation and perfusion in prone and supine postures with reference to anesthetized and mechanically ventilated healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 112: 682-687, 2010.
50. Nyren S, Radell P, Mure M, Petersson J, Jacobsson H, Lindahl SG, Sanchez-Crespo A. Inhalation anesthesia increases V/Q regional heterogeneity during spontaneous breathing in healthy subjects. Anesthesiology 113: 1370-1375, 2010.
51. Olszowka AJ, Wagner PD. Numerical analyses of gas exchange. In: Pulmonary Gas Exchange, edited by West JB. New York: Academic, 1980, p. 263-306.
52. Patz S, Hersman FW, Muradian I, Hrovat MI, Ruset IC, Ketel S, Jacobson F, Topulos GP, Hatabu H, Butler JP. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI: a viable functional lung imaging modality? Eur J Radiol 64: 335-344, 2007.
53. Petersson J, Ax M, Frey J, Sanchez-Crespo A, Lindahl SG, Mure M. Positive end-expiratory pressure redistributes regional blood flow and ventilation differently in supine and prone humans. Anesthesiology 113: 1361-1369, 2010.
54. Petersson J, Rohdin M, Sanchez-Crespo A, Nyren S, Jacobsson H, Larsson SA, Lindahl SG, Linnarsson D, Neradilek B, Polissar NL, Glenny RW, Mure M. Posture primarily affects lung tissue distribution with minor effect on blood flow and ventilation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 156: 293-303, 2007.
55. Petersson J, Rohdin M, Sanchez-Crespo A, Nyren S, Jacobsson H, Larsson SA, Lindahl SG, Linnarsson D, Neradilek B, Polissar NL, Glenny RW, Mure M. Regional lung blood flow and ventilation in upright humans studied with quantitative SPECT. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 166: 54-60, 2009.
56. Petersson J, Sánchez-Crespo A, Larsson SA, Mure M. Physiological imaging of the lung: Single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). J Appl Physiol 102: 468-476, 2007.
57. Petersson J, Sánchez-Crespo A, Rohdin M, Montmerle S, Nyrén S, Jacobsson H, Larsson SA, Lindahl SGE, Linnarsson D, Glenny RW, Mure M. Physiological evaluation of a new quantitative SPECT method measuring regional ventilation and perfusion. J Appl Physiol 96: 1127-1136, 2004.
58. Rhodes CG, Valind SO, Brudin LH, Wollmer PE, Jones T, Buckingham PD, Hughes JM. Quantification of regional V/Q ratios in humans by use of PET. II Procedure and normal values. J Appl Physiol 66: 1905-1913, 1989.
59. Rhodes CG, Valind SO, Brudin LH, Wollmer PE, Jones T, Hughes JM. Quantification of regional V/Q ratios in humans by use of PET. I Theory. J Appl Physiol 66: 1896-1904, 1989.
60. Richard JC, Bregeon F, Costes N, Bars DL, Tourvieille C, Lavenne F, Janier M, Bourdin G, Gimenez G, Guérin C. Effects of prone position and positive end-expiratory pressure on lung perfusion and ventilation. Crit Care Med 36: 2373-2380, 2008.
61. Richard JC, Janier M, Decailliot F, Le Bars D, Lavenne F, Berthier V, Lionnet M, Cinotti L, Annat G, Guerin C. Comparison of PET with radioactive microspheres to assess pulmonary blood flow. J Nucl Med 43: 1063-1071, 2002.
62. Richard JC, Janier M, Lavenne F, Tourvieille C, Le Bars D, Costes N, Gimenez G, Guerin C. Quantitative assessment of regional alveolar ventilation and gas volume using 13N-N2 washout and PET. J Nucl Med 46: 1375-1383, 2005.
63. Richard JC, Pouzot C, Gros A, Tourevieille C, Lebars D, Lavenne F, Frerichs I, Guerin C. Electrical impedance tomography compared to positron emission tomography for the measurement of regional lung ventilation: an experimental study. Crit Care 13: R82, 2009.
64. Robertson HT, Glenny RW, Stanford D, McInnes LM, Luchtel DL, Covert D. High-resolution maps of regional ventilation utilizing inhaled fluorescent microspheres. J Appl Physiol 82: 943-953, 1997.
65. Robertson HT, Hlastala MP. Microsphere maps of regional blood flow and regional ventilation. J Appl Physiol 102: 1265-1272, 2007.
66. Robertson HT, Krueger MA, Lamm WJ, Glenny RW. High-resolution spatial measurements of ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity in rats. J Appl Physiol 108: 1395-1401, 2010.
67. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA. The circulation of the fetus in utero. Methods for studying distribution of blood flow, cardiac output and organ blood flow. Circ Res 21: 163-184, 1967.
68. Saam B, Happer W, Middleton H. Nuclear relaxation of 3He in the presence of O2. Phys Rev A 52: 862-865, 1995.
69. Sanchez-Crespo A, Andreo P, Larsson SA. Positron flight in human tissues and its influence on PET image spatial resolution. Eur J Nucl Med 31: 44-51, 2004.
70. Sánchez-Crespo A, Petersson J, Nyren S, Mure M, Glenny RW, Thorell JO, Jacobsson H, Lindahl SGE, Larsson SA. A novel quantitative dual-isotope method for simultaneous ventilation and perfusion lung SPET. Eur J Nucl Med 29: 863-875, 2002.
71. Sando Y, Inoue T, Nagai R, Endo K. Ventilation/perfusion ratios and simultaneous dual-radionuclide single-photon emission tomography with krypton-81m and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin. Eur J Nucl Med 24: 1237-1244, 1997.
72. Schimmel C, Frazer D, Glenny RW. Extending fluorescent microsphere methods for regional organ blood flow to 13 simultaneous colors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280: H2496-H2506, 2001.
73. Smit HJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Marcus JT, Boonstra A, de Vries PM, Postmus PE. Determinants of pulmonary perfusion measured by electrical impedance tomography. Eur J Appl Physiol 92: 45-49, 2004.
74. Suga K, Nishigauchi K, Kume N, Koike S, Takano K, Tokuda O, Matsumoto T, Matsunaga N. Dynamic pulmonary SPECT of xenon-133 gas washout. J Nucl Med 37: 807-814, 1996.
75. Treppo S, Mijailovich SM, Venegas JG. Contributions of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation to heterogeneity in V(A)/Q measured by PET. J Appl Physiol 82: 1163-1176, 1997.
76. Tzeng YS, Lutchen K, Albert M. The difference in ventilation heterogeneity between asthmatic and healthy subjects quantified using hyperpolarized 3He MRI. J Appl Physiol 106: 813-822, 2009.
77. Walker T, Happer W. Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei. Rev Mod Phys 69: 629-642, 1997.
78. van Beek EJ, Wild JM. Hyperpolarized 3-helium magnetic resonance imaging to probe lung function. Proc Am Thoracic Soc 2: 528-532, 2005.
79. Venegas JG, Schroeder T, Harris S, Winkler RT, Melo MF. The distribution of ventilation during bronchoconstriction is patchy and bimodal: a PET imaging study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 148: 57-64, 2005.
80. Victorino JA, Borges JB, Okamoto VN, Matos GF, Tucci MR, Caramez MP, Tanaka H, Sipmann FS, Santos DC, Barbas CS, Carvalho CR, Amato MB. Imbalances in regional lung ventilation: a validation study on electrical impedance tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169: 791-800, 2004.
81. Vidal Melo MF, Harris RS, Layfield JD, Venegas JG. Topographic basis of bimodal ventilation-perfusion distributions during bronchoconstriction in sheep. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171: 714-721, 2005.
82. Vidal Melo MF, Layfield D, Harris RS, O'Neill K, Musch G, Richter T, Winkler T, Fischman AJ, Venegas JG. Quantification of regional ventilation-perfusion ratios with PET. J Nucl Med 44: 1982-1991, 2003.
83. Vidal Melo MF, Winkler T, Harris RS, Musch G, Greene RE, Venegas JG. Spatial heterogeneity of lung perfusion assessed with (13)N PET as a vascular biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Nucl Med 51: 57-65, 2010.
84. Wild JM, Fichele S, Woodhouse N, Paley MN, Kasuboski L, van Beek EJ. 3D volume-localized pO2 measurement in the human lung with 3He MRI. Magn Reson Med 53: 1055-1064, 2005.
85. Yu J, Law M, Kadlecek S, Emami K, Ishii M, Stephen M, Woodburn JM, Vahdat V, Rizi RR. Simultaneous measurement of pulmonary partial pressure of oxygen and apparent diffusion coefficient by hyperpolarized 3He MRI. Magn Reson Med 61: 1015-1021, 2009.