The paradox of left ventricular assist device unloading and myocardial recovery in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy: Implications for heart failure in the elderly

Heart Failure Reviews

Volumn 17, Issue 4-5, 2012, Pages 615-633

  Butler, Craig R ^a   Jugdutt, Bodh I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

2 adrenergic receptor agonism; Age; Cardiomyocyte atrophy; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Extracellular collagen matrix; Heart failure; Left ventricular assist device; Reverse remodeling

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISOPROLOL; CARVEDILOL; CLENBUTEROL; COLLAGEN; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; DIGITALIS; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; SPIRONOLACTONE;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ATROPHY; CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COLLAGEN METABOLISM; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CROSS LINKING; DEVICE THERAPY; DISEASE DURATION; ELDERLY CARE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXTRACELLULAR COLLAGEN MATRIX; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HEART FAILURE; HEART HYPERTROPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC PRESSURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART VENTRICLE OVERLOAD; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE; MYOCARDIAL RECOVERY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT MONITORING; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

AGED; CARDIOMYOPATHY, DILATED; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HEART FAILURE; HEART VENTRICLES; HEART-ASSIST DEVICES; HUMANS; VENTRICULAR REMODELING;

EID: 84862669663     PISSN: 13824147     EISSN: 15737322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9300-8     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. JK Kirklin DC Naftel RL Kormos LW Stevenson FD Pagani MA Miller KL Ulisney JT Baldwin JB Young 2011 Third INTERMACS Annual Report: the evolution of destination therapy in the United States J Heart Lung Transpl 30 2 115 123 10.1016/j.healun.2010.12.001
2. D Burkhoff S Klotz DM Mancini 2006 LVAD-induced reverse remodeling: basic and clinical implications for myocardial recovery J Card Fail 12 3 227 239 16624689
3. MC Deng LB Edwards MI Hertz AW Rowe BM Keck R Kormos DC Naftel JK Kirklin DO Taylor 2005 Mechanical circulatory support device database of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: third annual report - 2005 J Heart Lung Transpl 24 9 1182 1187
4. AM Katz 2003 Pathophysiology of heart failure: identifying targets for pharmacotherapy Med Clin North Am 87 2 303 316 12693727 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXjtVChtL8%3D
5. S Yusuf P Sleight J Pogue J Bosch R Davies G Dagenais 2000 Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators N Engl J Med 342 3 145 153 10639539 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fpt1emug%3D%3D
6. B Pitt F Zannad WJ Remme R Cody A Castaigne A Perez J Palensky J Wittes 1999 The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators N Engl J Med 341 10 709 717 10471456 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmtVyrurk%3D
7. MERIT-HF Study Group (1999) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353(9169):2001-2007
8. M Kobayashi Y Furukawa S Chiba 1978 Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of angiotensin II in the dog heart Eur J Pharmacol 50 1 17 25 679973 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXlsVSkur8%3D
9. H Kawano YS Do Y Kawano V Starnes M Barr RE Law WA Hsueh 2000 Angiotensin II has multiple profibrotic effects in human cardiac fibroblasts Circulation 101 10 1130 1137 10715259 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit1aks7k%3D
10. YC Zhu YZ Zhu P Gohlke HM Stauss T Unger 1997 Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonism on cardiac parameters in left ventricular hypertrophy Am J Cardiol 80 3A 110A 117A 9293963 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtFWht7c%3D
11. HN Sabbah 2004 Biologic rationale for the use of beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure Heart Fail Rev 9 2 91 97 15516856 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptFensrw%3D
12. G Hasenfuss H Reinecke R Studer M Meyer B Pieske J Holtz C Holubarsch H Posival H Just H Drexler 1994 Relation between myocardial function and expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium Circ Res 75 3 434 442 8062417 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlsFClsLk%3D
13. S Neubauer T Krahe R Schindler M Horn H Hillenbrand C Entzeroth H Mader EP Kromer GA Riegger K Lackner, et al. 1992 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. Altered cardiac high-energy phosphate metabolism in heart failure Circulation 86 6 1810 1818 1451253 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fot1ymsQ%3D%3D
14. JI Haft 1974 Cardiovascular injury induced by sympathetic catecholamines Prog Cardiovasc Dis 17 1 73 86 4599470 1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXls1emurs%3D
15. LH Cavallari KM Momary VL Groo MA Viana JR Camp TD Stamos 2007 Association of beta-blocker dose with serum procollagen concentrations and cardiac response to spironolactone in patients with heart failure Pharmacotherapy 27 6 801 812 17542763 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntVyltbo%3D
16. N Frey EN Olson 2003 Cardiac hypertrophy: the good, the bad, and the ugly Annu Rev Physiol 65 45 79 12524460 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjt1Glt74%3D
17. N Frey HA Katus EN Olson JA Hill 2004 Hypertrophy of the heart: a new therapeutic target? Circulation 109 13 1580 1589 15066961
18. S Kudoh I Komuro T Mizuno T Yamazaki Y Zou I Shiojima N Takekoshi Y Yazaki 1997 Angiotensin II stimulates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats Circ Res 80 1 139 146 8978332 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhtVynsA%3D%3D
19. S Kudoh I Komuro Y Hiroi Y Zou K Harada T Sugaya N Takekoshi K Murakami T Kadowaki Y Yazaki 1998 Mechanical stretch induces hypertrophic responses in cardiac myocytes of angiotensin II type 1a receptor knockout mice J Biol Chem 273 37 24037 24043 9727021 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtFOrsLw%3D
20. MO Gray CS Long JE Kalinyak HT Li JS Karliner 1998 Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine release of TGF-beta 1 and endothelin-1 from fibroblasts Cardiovasc Res 40 2 352 363 9893729 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFKrur4%3D
21. J Sadoshima S Izumo 1997 The cellular and molecular response of cardiac myocytes to mechanical stress Annu Rev Physiol 59 551 571 9074777 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhvVSjtbg%3D
22. G Esposito A Rapacciuolo SV Naga Prasad HA Rockman 2002 Cardiac hypertrophy: role of G protein-coupled receptors J Card Fail 8 6 Suppl S409 S414 12555153 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotVyitQ%3D%3D
23. B Dahlof RB Devereux SE Kjeldsen S Julius G Beevers U de Faire F Fyhrquist H Ibsen K Kristiansson O Lederballe-Pedersen LH Lindholm MS Nieminen P Omvik S Oparil H Wedel 2002 Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol Lancet 359 9311 995 1003 11937178 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisV2htrw%3D
24. SA Hall CG Cigarroa L Marcoux RC Risser PA Grayburn EJ Eichhorn 1995 Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade J Am Coll Cardiol 25 5 1154 1161 7897129 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3gsVyhsA%3D%3D
25. BI Jugdutt 2003 Remodeling of the myocardium and potential targets in the collagen degradation and synthesis pathways Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 3 1 1 30 12769643 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhsFKmur0%3D
26. J Sadoshima S Izumo 1993 Molecular characterization of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype Circ Res 73 3 413 423 8348686 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFygs74%3D
27. P Lijnen V Petrov 2000 Induction of cardiac fibrosis by aldosterone J Mol Cell Cardiol 32 6 865 879 10888242 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvVOrsr0%3D
28. P Lijnen V Petrov 1999 Antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system, hypertrophy and gene expression in cardiac myocytes Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 21 5 363 374 10420393 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkslyqt74%3D
29. H Izawa T Murohara K Nagata S Isobe H Asano T Amano S Ichihara T Kato S Ohshima Y Murase S Iino K Obata A Noda K Okumura M Yokota 2005 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism ameliorates left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in mildly symptomatic patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a pilot study Circulation 112 19 2940 2945 16275882 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFKqtrvI
30. B Pilz E Shagdarsuren M Wellner A Fiebeler R Dechend P Gratze S Meiners DL Feldman RL Webb IM Garrelds AH Jan Danser FC Luft DN Muller 2005 Aliskiren, a human renin inhibitor, ameliorates cardiac and renal damage in double-transgenic rats Hypertension 46 3 569 576 16103264 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXptVWku7c%3D
31. DL Mann H Taegtmeyer 2001 Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix after mechanical unloading of the failing human heart: recovering the missing link in left ventricular remodeling Circulation 104 10 1089 1091 11535559 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotlWgtrc%3D
32. S Klotz RF Foronjy ML Dickstein A Gu IM Garrelds AH Danser MC Oz J D'Armiento D Burkhoff 2005 Mechanical unloading during left ventricular assist device support increases left ventricular collagen cross-linking and myocardial stiffness Circulation 112 3 364 374 15998679 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVWrtbs%3D
33. GR Norton J Tsotetsi B Trifunovic C Hartford GP Candy AJ Woodiwiss 1997 Myocardial stiffness is attributed to alterations in cross-linked collagen rather than total collagen or phenotypes in spontaneously hypertensive rats Circulation 96 6 1991 1998 9323091 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmsVChsbw%3D
34. W Motz BE Strauer 1989 Left ventricular function and collagen content after regression of hypertensive hypertrophy Hypertension 13 1 43 50 2521332 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2Fpt1CnsQ%3D%3D
35. D Badenhorst M Maseko OJ Tsotetsi A Naidoo R Brooksbank GR Norton AJ Woodiwiss 2003 Cross-linking influences the impact of quantitative changes in myocardial collagen on cardiac stiffness and remodelling in hypertension in rats Cardiovasc Res 57 3 632 641 12618225 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhs1ehsb8%3D
36. DL Mann FG Spinale 1998 Activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the failing human heart: breaking the tie that binds Circulation 98 17 1699 1702 9788821 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FgsFequg%3D%3D
37. J Wohlschlaeger KJ Schmitz C Schmid KW Schmid P Keul A Takeda S Weis B Levkau HA Baba 2005 Reverse remodeling following insertion of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD): a review of the morphological and molecular changes Cardiovasc Res 68 3 376 386 16024006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Sqsr3K
38. KB Margulies 2002 Reversal mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling: lessons from left ventricular assist device experiments J Card Fail 8 6 Suppl S500 S505 12555165
39. M Li D Georgakopoulos G Lu L Hester DA Kass J Hasday Y Wang 2005 p38 MAP kinase mediates inflammatory cytokine induction in cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart Circulation 111 19 2494 2502 15867183 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvFOjuro%3D
40. H Milting A Kassner L Arusoglu HE Meyer M Morshuis R Brendel B Klauke A El Banayosy R Korfer 2006 Influence of ACE-inhibition and mechanical unloading on the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium of heart transplantation candidates bridged by ventricular assist devices Eur J Heart Fail 8 3 278 283 16309954 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xks1WrtbY%3D
41. RC Parish JD Evans 2008 Inflammation in chronic heart failure Ann Pharmacother 42 7 1002 1016 18477736 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXps1GqsL0%3D
42. DL Mann 2003 Stress-activated cytokines and the heart: from adaptation to maladaptation Annu Rev Physiol 65 81 101 12500970 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXjt1Glt78%3D
43. MW Irwin S Mak DL Mann R Qu JM Penninger A Yan F Dawood WH Wen Z Shou P Liu 1999 Tissue expression and immunolocalization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in postinfarction dysfunctional myocardium Circulation 99 11 1492 1498 10086975 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXit1aiu74%3D
44. SK Nelson GH Wong JM McCord 1995 Leukemia inhibitory factor and tumor necrosis factor induce manganese superoxide dismutase and protect rabbit hearts from reperfusion injury J Mol Cell Cardiol 27 1 223 229 7760346 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVyju7s%3D
45. Y Fujio K Kunisada H Hirota K Yamauchi-Takihara T Kishimoto 1997 Signals through gp130 upregulate bcl-x gene expression via STAT1-binding cis-element in cardiac myocytes J Clin Invest 99 12 2898 2905 9185513 1:CAS:528: DyaK2sXktV2qtbk%3D
46. LJ Eddy DV Goeddel GH Wong 1992 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha pretreatment is protective in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184 2 1056 1059 1374234 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XisFeku7c%3D
47. M Nakano AA Knowlton T Yokoyama W Lesslauer DL Mann 1996 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of heat shock protein 72 in adult feline cardiac myocytes Am J Physiol 270 4 Pt 2 H1231 H1239 8967361 1:CAS:528: DyaK28Xis1Klu70%3D
48. I Low-Friedrich D Weisensee P Mitrou W Schoeppe 1992 Cytokines induce stress protein formation in cultured cardiac myocytes Basic Res Cardiol 87 1 12 18 1567350 1:STN:280:DyaK383jtFOquw%3D%3D
49. GH Wong DV Goeddel 1988 Induction of manganous superoxide dismutase by tumor necrosis factor: possible protective mechanism Science 242 4880 941 944 3263703 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXjslGntA%3D%3D
50. KA Krown MT Page C Nguyen D Zechner V Gutierrez KL Comstock CC Glembotski PJ Quintana RA Sabbadini 1996 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. Involvement of the sphingolipid signaling cascade in cardiac cell death J Clin Invest 98 12 2854 2865 8981934 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtVKg
51. G Torre-Amione S Kapadia J Lee RD Bies R Lebovitz DL Mann 1995 Expression and functional significance of tumor necrosis factor receptors in human myocardium Circulation 92 6 1487 1493 7664431 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXot1yitrc%3D
52. N Sivasubramanian ML Coker KM Kurrelmeyer WR MacLellan FJ DeMayo FG Spinale DL Mann 2001 Left ventricular remodeling in transgenic mice with cardiac restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor Circulation 104 7 826 831 11502710 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsVOguro%3D
53. EA Rose AC Gelijns AJ Moskowitz DF Heitjan LW Stevenson W Dembitsky JW Long DD Ascheim AR Tierney RG Levitan JT Watson P Meier NS Ronan PA Shapiro RM Lazar LW Miller L Gupta OH Frazier P Desvigne-Nickens MC Oz VL Poirier 2001 Long-term mechanical left ventricular assistance for end-stage heart failure N Engl J Med 345 20 1435 1443 11794191 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FmsFGnsQ%3D%3D
54. AJ Clegg DA Scott E Loveman JL Colquitt P Royle J Bryant 2006 Clinical and cost-effectiveness of left ventricular assist devices as a bridge to heart transplantation for people with end-stage heart failure: a systematic review and economic evaluation Eur Heart J 27 24 2929 2938 16603577
55. J Wray CN Hallas NR Banner 2007 Quality of life and psychological well-being during and after left ventricular assist device support Clin Transpl 21 5 622 627
56. DN Helman SW Maybaum DL Morales MR Williams A Beniaminovitz NM Edwards DM Mancini MC Oz 2000 Recurrent remodeling after ventricular assistance: is long-term myocardial recovery attainable? Ann Thorac Surg 70 4 1255 1258 11081881 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FjvFOrtQ%3D%3D
57. J Muller G Wallukat YG Weng M Dandel S Spiegelsberger S Semrau K Brandes V Theodoridis M Loebe R Meyer R Hetzer 1997 Weaning from mechanical cardiac support in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Circulation 96 2 542 549 9244223 1:STN:280:DyaK2szos1ektg%3D%3D
58. OH Frazier TJ Myers 1999 Left ventricular assist system as a bridge to myocardial recovery Ann Thorac Surg 68 2 734 741 10475480 1:STN:280: DyaK1Mvgt1Cltw%3D%3D
59. OH Frazier RM Delgado III N Scroggins P Odegaard B Kar 2004 Mechanical bridging to improvement in severe acute "nonischemic, nonmyocarditis" heart failure Congest Heart Fail 10 2 109 113 15073458 1:STN:280: DC%2BD2c7nvVCqtw%3D%3D
60. S Maybaum D Mancini S Xydas RC Starling K Aaronson FD Pagani LW Miller K Margulies S McRee OH Frazier G Torre-Amione 2007 Cardiac improvement during mechanical circulatory support: a prospective multicenter study of the LVAD Working Group Circulation 115 19 2497 2505 17485581
61. A Barbone JW Holmes PM Heerdt AH The Y Naka N Joshi M Daines AR Marks MC Oz D Burkhoff 2001 Comparison of right and left ventricular responses to left ventricular assist device support in patients with severe heart failure: a primary role of mechanical unloading underlying reverse remodeling Circulation 104 6 670 675 11489773 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvktlartA%3D%3D
62. JD Madigan A Barbone AF Choudhri DL Morales B Cai MC Oz D Burkhoff 2001 Time course of reverse remodeling of the left ventricle during support with a left ventricular assist device J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121 5 902 908 11326233 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzisFyitw%3D%3D
63. A Barbone MC Oz D Burkhoff JW Holmes 2001 Normalized diastolic properties after left ventricular assist result from reverse remodeling of chamber geometry Circulation 104 12 Suppl 1 I229 I232 11568061 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3MritFyltQ%3D%3D
64. HR Levin MC Oz JM Chen M Packer EA Rose D Burkhoff 1995 Reversal of chronic ventricular dilation in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy by prolonged mechanical unloading Circulation 91 11 2717 2720 7758175 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3nsl2hsg%3D%3D
65. A Zafeiridis V Jeevanandam SR Houser KB Margulies 1998 Regression of cellular hypertrophy after left ventricular assist device support Circulation 98 7 656 662 9715858 1:STN:280:DyaK1cznvFOitw%3D%3D
66. GT Altemose V Gritsus V Jeevanandam B Goldman KB Margulies 1997 Altered myocardial phenotype after mechanical support in human beings with advanced cardiomyopathy J Heart Lung Transpl 16 7 765 773 1:STN:280:DyaK2svgtFCmsQ%3D%3D
67. K Dipla JA Mattiello V Jeevanandam SR Houser KB Margulies 1998 Myocyte recovery after mechanical circulatory support in humans with end-stage heart failure Circulation 97 23 2316 2322 9639375 1:STN:280:DyaK1czgtFantA%3D%3D
68. PM Heerdt JW Holmes B Cai A Barbone JD Madigan S Reiken DL Lee MC Oz AR Marks D Burkhoff 2000 Chronic unloading by left ventricular assist device reverses contractile dysfunction and alters gene expression in end-stage heart failure Circulation 102 22 2713 2719 11094037 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FmtVynuw%3D%3D
69. ML Ogletree-Hughes LB Stull WE Sweet NG Smedira PM McCarthy CS Moravec 2001 Mechanical unloading restores beta-adrenergic responsiveness and reverses receptor downregulation in the failing human heart Circulation 104 8 881 886 11514373 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFKms7w%3D
70. KB James PM McCarthy JD Thomas R Vargo RE Hobbs S Sapp E Bravo 1995 Effect of the implantable left ventricular assist device on neuroendocrine activation in heart failure Circulation 92 9 Suppl II191 II195 7586406 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FmvFWquw%3D%3D
71. KB James PM McCarthy S Jaalouk EL Bravo A Betkowski JD Thomas S Nakatani FM Fouad-Tarazi 1996 Plasma volume and its regulatory factors in congestive heart failure after implantation of long-term left ventricular assist devices Circulation 93 8 1515 1519 8608619 1:STN:280:DyaK287psFerug%3D%3D
72. R Delgado III B Radovancevic EK Massin OH Frazier C Benedict 1998 Neurohormonal changes after implantation of a left ventricular assist system ASAIO J 44 4 299 302 9682956
73. V Thohan SJ Stetson SF Nagueh C Rivas-Gotz MM Koerner JA Lafuente M Loebe GP Noon G Torre-Amione 2005 Cellular and hemodynamics responses of failing myocardium to continuous flow mechanical circulatory support using the DeBakey-Noon left ventricular assist device: a comparative analysis with pulsatile-type devices J Heart Lung Transpl 24 5 566 575
74. EJ Birks LE Felkin NR Banner A Khaghani PJ Barton MH Yacoub 2004 Increased toll-like receptor 4 in the myocardium of patients requiring left ventricular assist devices J Heart Lung Transpl 23 2 228 235
75. EJ Birks N Latif V Owen C Bowles LE Felkin AJ Mullen A Khaghani PJ Barton JM Polak JR Pepper NR Banner MH Yacoub 2001 Quantitative myocardial cytokine expression and activation of the apoptotic pathway in patients who require left ventricular assist devices Circulation 104 12 Suppl 1 I233 I240 11568062 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFOltLY%3D
76. G Torre-Amione SJ Stetson KA Youker JB Durand B Radovancevic RM Delgado OH Frazier ML Entman GP Noon 1999 Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in failing human myocardium after mechanical circulatory support: a potential mechanism for cardiac recovery Circulation 100 11 1189 1193 10484539 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVartrc%3D
77. CM Terracciano SE Harding D Adamson M Koban P Tansley EJ Birks PJ Barton MH Yacoub 2003 Changes in sarcolemmal Ca entry and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in ventricular myocytes from patients with end-stage heart failure following myocardial recovery after combined pharmacological and ventricular assist device therapy Eur Heart J 24 14 1329 1339 12871690 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXlsVSmur4%3D
78. 2+ channel density and regulation are altered in failing human ventricular myocytes and recover after support with mechanical assist devices Circ Res 91 6 517 524 12242270 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFehuro%3D
79. M Dandel Y Weng H Siniawski E Potapov HB Lehmkuhl R Hetzer 2005 Long-term results in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy after weaning from left ventricular assist devices Circulation 112 9 Suppl I37 I45 16159848
80. MA Simon RL Kormos S Murali P Nair M Heffernan J Gorcsan S Winowich DM McNamara 2005 Myocardial recovery using ventricular assist devices: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes Circulation 112 9 Suppl I32 I36 16159839
81. DJ Farrar WR Holman LR McBride RL Kormos TB Icenogle PJ Hendry CH Moore DY Loisance A El-Banayosy H Frazier 2002 Long-term follow-up of Thoratec ventricular assist device bridge-to-recovery patients successfully removed from support after recovery of ventricular function J Heart Lung Transpl 21 5 516 521
82. BA Bruckner SJ Stetson A Perez-Verdia KA Youker B Radovancevic JH Connelly MM Koerner ME Entman OH Frazier GP Noon G Torre-Amione 2001 Regression of fibrosis and hypertrophy in failing myocardium following mechanical circulatory support J Heart Lung Transpl 20 4 457 464 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3M3ntVynsQ%3D%3D
83. BC Sun KA Catanese TB Spanier MR Flannery MT Gardocki LS Marcus HR Levin EA Rose MC Oz 1999 100 long-term implantable left ventricular assist devices: the Columbia Presbyterian interim experience Ann Thorac Surg 68 2 688 694 10475472 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mvgt1CmtQ%3D%3D
84. DM Mancini A Beniaminovitz H Levin K Catanese M Flannery M DiTullio S Savin ME Cordisco E Rose M Oz 1998 Low incidence of myocardial recovery after left ventricular assist device implantation in patients with chronic heart failure Circulation 98 22 2383 2389 9832482 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FltFGiug%3D%3D
85. EJ Birks PD Tansley J Hardy RS George CT Bowles M Burke NR Banner A Khaghani MH Yacoub 2006 Left ventricular assist device and drug therapy for the reversal of heart failure N Engl J Med 355 18 1873 1884 17079761 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFKjurfJ
86. J Gorcsan III D Severyn S Murali RL Kormos 2003 Non-invasive assessment of myocardial recovery on chronic left ventricular assist device: results associated with successful device removal J Heart Lung Transpl 22 12 1304 1313
87. G Matsumiya O Monta N Fukushima Y Sawa T Funatsu K Toda H Matsuda 2005 Who would be a candidate for bridge to recovery during prolonged mechanical left ventricular support in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130 3 699 704 16153916
88. JL Hall DR Fermin EJ Birks PJ Barton M Slaughter P Eckman HA Baba J Wohlschlaeger LW Miller 2011 Clinical, molecular, and genomic changes in response to a left ventricular assist device J Am Coll Cardiol 57 6 641 652 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.010 21292124 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjtlSnsrw%3D
89. R Hetzer JH Muller Y Weng R Meyer M Dandel 2001 Bridging-to-recovery Ann Thorac Surg 71 3 Suppl S109 S113 11265844 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7msFyjsw%3D%3D
90. G Thiene D Corrado C Basso 2008 Revisiting definition and classification of cardiomyopathies in the era of molecular medicine Eur Heart J 29 2 144 146 18156617
91. SA Hunt 2005 ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) J Am Coll Cardiol 46 6 e1 e82 16168273
92. P Elliott B Andersson E Arbustini Z Bilinska F Cecchi P Charron O Dubourg U Kuhl B Maisch WJ McKenna L Monserrat S Pankuweit C Rapezzi P Seferovic L Tavazzi A Keren 2008 Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases Eur Heart J 29 2 270 276 17916581
93. BA Bruckner P Razeghi S Stetson L Thompson J Lafuente M Entman M Loebe G Noon H Taegtmeyer OH Frazier K Youker 2004 Degree of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy at time of implantation predicts myocardial improvement during left ventricular assist device support J Heart Lung Transpl 23 1 36 42
94. K Swedberg P Eneroth J Kjekshus L Wilhelmsen 1990 Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group Circulation 82 5 1730 1736 2225374 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FivF2juw%3D%3D
95. T Tsutamoto T Hisanaga D Fukai A Wada Y Maeda K Maeda M Kinoshita 1995 Prognostic value of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelin-1 concentration in patients with chronic congestive heart failure Am J Cardiol 76 11 803 808 7572659 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FhtFClsg%3D%3D
96. M Yoshimura H Yasue K Okumura H Ogawa M Jougasaki M Mukoyama K Nakao H Imura 1993 Different secretion patterns of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure Circulation 87 2 464 469 8425293 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ksFCmuw%3D%3D
97. S Sakurai H Adachi A Hasegawa H Hoshizaki S Oshima K Taniguchi M Kurabayashi 2003 Brain natriuretic peptide facilitates severity classification of stable chronic heart failure with left ventricular dysfunction Heart 89 6 661 662 12748228 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s3is1KrsA%3D%3D
98. BI Jugdutt C Butler 2007 Ventricular unloading, tissue angiotensin II, matrix modulation, and function during left ventricular assist device support J Am Coll Cardiol 49 11 1175 1177 17367661
99. S Klotz AH Danser RF Foronjy MC Oz J Wang D Mancini J D'Armiento D Burkhoff 2007 The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on the extracellular collagen matrix during left ventricular assist device support in patients with end-stage heart failure J Am Coll Cardiol 49 11 1166 1174 17367660 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjtVagurY%3D
100. AH Bruggink MF van Oosterhout N de Jonge B Ivangh J van Kuik RH Voorbij JP Cleutjens FH Gmelig-Meyling RA de Weger 2006 Reverse remodeling of the myocardial extracellular matrix after prolonged left ventricular assist device support follows a biphasic pattern J Heart Lung Transpl 25 9 1091 1098
101. SK Koshy HK Reddy HH Shukla 2003 Collagen cross-linking: new dimension to cardiac remodeling Cardiovasc Res 57 3 594 598 12618221 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXhs1ehsLk%3D
102. Bruckner BA, Stetson SJ, Farmer JA, Radovancevic B, Frazier OH, Noon GP, Entman ML, Torre-Amione G, Youker KA (2000) The implications for cardiac recovery of left ventricular assist device support on myocardial collagen content. Am J Surg 180(6):498-501; discussion 501-492
103. H Milting M Jacob A Kassner P Heimann HG Mannherz G Becker HE Meyer D Bothig L Arusoglu M Morshuis R Korfer A El Banayosy 2004 The structural examination of myocardial samples from patients with end-stage heart failure supported by ventricular assist devices using electron microscopy and amino acid analysis reveals low degree of reverse remodeling J Heart Lung Transpl 23 4 396 404
104. H Liang J Muller YG Weng G Wallukat P Fu HS Lin S Bartel C Knosalla R Pregla R Hetzer 2004 Changes in myocardial collagen content before and after left ventricular assist device application in dilated cardiomyopathy Chin Med J (Engl) 117 3 401 407
105. PM McCarthy S Nakatani R Vargo K Kottke-Marchant H Harasaki KB James RM Savage JD Thomas 1995 Structural and left ventricular histologic changes after implantable LVAD insertion Ann Thorac Surg 59 3 609 613 7887698 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7psVSruw%3D%3D
106. SA Scheinin P Capek B Radovancevic JM Duncan HA McAllister Jr OH Frazier 1992 The effect of prolonged left ventricular support on myocardial histopathology in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy ASAIO J 38 3 M271 M274 1457863 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FptFejug%3D%3D
107. YY Li Y Feng CF McTiernan W Pei CS Moravec P Wang W Rosenblum RL Kormos AM Feldman 2001 Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and reduction in collagen damage in the failing human heart after support with left ventricular assist devices Circulation 104 10 1147 1152 11535571 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXotlWnsbs%3D
108. RC Starling JB Young 1998 Surgical therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy Cardiol Clin 16 4 727 737 9891600 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7gvVOnuw%3D%3D
109. LE Felkin EJ Birks R George S Wong A Khaghani MH Yacoub PJ Barton 2006 A quantitative gene expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS) and their inhibitors (TIMPS) in the myocardium of patients with deteriorating heart failure requiring left ventricular assist device support J Heart Lung Transpl 25 12 1413 1419
110. S Mital KE Loke LJ Addonizio MC Oz TH Hintze 2000 Left ventricular assist device implantation augments nitric oxide dependent control of mitochondrial respiration in failing human hearts J Am Coll Cardiol 36 6 1897 1902 11092662 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1Cn
111. ME Cullen AH Yuen LE Felkin RT Smolenski JL Hall S Grindle LW Miller EJ Birks MH Yacoub PJ Barton 2006 Myocardial expression of the arginine: glycine amidinotransferase gene is elevated in heart failure and normalized after recovery: potential implications for local creatine synthesis Circulation 114 1 Suppl I16 I20 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.000448 16820567
112. SG Drakos JV Terrovitis JN Nanas EI Charitos AS Ntalianis KG Malliaras N Diakos D Koudoumas S Theodoropoulos MH Yacoub MI Anastasiou-Nana 2011 Reverse electrophysiologic remodeling after cardiac mechanical unloading for end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy Ann Thorac Surg 91 3 764 769 10.1016/j.athoracsur. 2010.10.091 21352994
113. ML Ogletree WE Sweet C Talerico ME Klecka JB Young NG Smedira RC Starling CS Moravec 2010 Duration of left ventricular assist device support: effects on abnormal calcium cycling and functional recovery in the failing human heart J Heart Lung Transpl 29 5 554 561 10.1016/j.healun.2009.10.015
114. JL Hall EJ Birks S Grindle ME Cullen PJ Barton JE Rider S Lee S Harwalker A Mariash N Adhikari NJ Charles LE Felkin S Polster RS George LW Miller MH Yacoub 2007 Molecular signature of recovery following combination left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support and pharmacologic therapy Eur Heart J 28 5 613 627 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl365 17132651 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkslymurY%3D
115. EJ Birks JL Hall PJ Barton S Grindle N Latif JP Hardy JE Rider NR Banner A Khaghani LW Miller MH Yacoub 2005 Gene profiling changes in cytoskeletal proteins during clinical recovery after left ventricular-assist device support Circulation 112 9 Suppl I57 I64 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.526137 16159866
116. I Klein C Hong SS Schreiber 1990 Cardiac atrophy in the heterotopically transplanted rat heart: in vitro protein synthesis J Mol Cell Cardiol 22 4 461 468 2388279 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXksFKksb4%3D
117. K Ito M Nakayama F Hasan X Yan MD Schneider BH Lorell 2003 Contractile reserve and calcium regulation are depressed in myocytes from chronically unloaded hearts Circulation 107 8 1176 1182 12615798
118. GK Soppa J Lee MA Stagg U Siedlecka S Youssef MH Yacoub CM Terracciano 2008 Prolonged mechanical unloading reduces myofilament sensitivity to calcium and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake leading to contractile dysfunction J Heart Lung Transpl 27 8 882 889
119. EW Thompson TA Marino CE Uboh RL Kent G Cooper 1984 Atrophy reversal and cardiocyte redifferentiation in reloaded cat myocardium Circ Res 54 4 367 377 6713603 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7otV2gug%3D%3D
120. S Schena Y Kurimoto J Fukada I Tack P Ruiz M Pang LJ Striker A Aitouche SM Pham 2004 Effects of ventricular unloading on apoptosis and atrophy of cardiac myocytes J Surg Res 120 1 119 126 15172198
121. M Zaugg W Xu E Lucchinetti SA Shafiq NZ Jamali MA Siddiqui 2000 Beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes differentially affect apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes Circulation 102 3 344 350 10899100 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXls1Kltbo%3D
122. K Wong KR Boheler J Bishop M Petrou MH Yacoub 1998 Clenbuterol induces cardiac hypertrophy with normal functional, morphological and molecular features Cardiovasc Res 37 1 115 122 9539865 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlKgtLw%3D
123. SB Liggett NM Tepe JN Lorenz AM Canning TD Jantz S Mitarai A Yatani GW Dorn II 2000 Early and delayed consequences of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor overexpression in mouse hearts: critical role for expression level Circulation 101 14 1707 1714 10758054 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtF2ntr8%3D
124. I George S Xydas DM Mancini J Lamanca M DiTullio CC Marboe E Shane AR Schulman PM Colley CM Petrilli Y Naka MC Oz S Maybaum 2006 Effect of clenbuterol on cardiac and skeletal muscle function during left ventricular assist device support J Heart Lung Transpl 25 9 1084 1090
125. GK Soppa RT Smolenski N Latif AH Yuen A Malik J Karbowska Z Kochan CM Terracciano MH Yacoub 2005 Effects of chronic administration of clenbuterol on function and metabolism of adult rat cardiac muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288 3 H1468 H1476 15528231 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVOjsb4%3D
126. EJ Birks RS George M Hedger T Bahrami P Wilton CT Bowles C Webb R Bougard M Amrani MH Yacoub G Dreyfus A Khaghani 2011 Reversal of severe heart failure with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device and pharmacological therapy: a prospective study Circulation 123 4 381 390 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 109.933960 21242487 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlSqtb8%3D
127. KD Aaronson FD Pagani S Maybaum DS Feldman RC Bogaev JB O'Connell SW Boyce EW McGee BC Sun DJ Goldstein H Frazier JD Myles KJ Weatherwax L Basobas L McGowan DJ Farrar MH Yacoub EJ Birks LW Miller 2011 Combination therapy with pulsatile left ventricular assist device, heart failure medication and clenbuterol in chronic heart failure: results from HARPS J Heart Lung Transpl 30 4 S8 S9
128. BI Jugdutt 2010 Heart failure in the elderly: advances and challenges Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 8 5 695 715 10.1586/erc.10.36 20450303
129. RM Adamson M Stahovich S Chillcott S Baradarian J Chammas B Jaski P Hoagland W Dembitsky 2011 Clinical strategies and outcomes in advanced heart failure patients older than 70 years of age receiving the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device: a community hospital experience J Am Coll Cardiol 57 25 2487 2495 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.043 21679851