메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2012, Pages

Water in cratonic lithosphere: Calibrating laboratory-determined models of electrical conductivity of mantle minerals using geophysical and petrological observations

Author keywords

Kaapvaal craton; mantle water; Rehoboth terrane

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ENTHALPY; GEOPHYSICS; LABORATORIES; OLIVINE; PETROLOGY; TECTONICS;

EID: 84862518188     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012GC004055     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 61349100379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated geophysical-petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: Methodology and applications
    • doi:10.1029/2007GC001834
    • Afonso, J. C., M. Fernandez, G. Ranalli, W. L. Griffin, and J. A. D. Connolly (2008), Integrated geophysical-petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: Methodology and applications, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q05008, doi:10.1029/2007GC001834.
    • (2008) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.9
    • Afonso, J.C.1    Fernandez, M.2    Ranalli, G.3    Griffin, W.L.4    Connolly, J.A.D.5
  • 2
    • 11844267155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen partition coefficients between nominally anhydrous minerals and basaltic melts
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL021341
    • Aubaud, C., E. H. Hauri, and M. M. Hirschmann (2004), Hydrogen partition coefficients between nominally anhydrous minerals and basaltic melts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20611, doi:10.1029/2004GL021341.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Aubaud, C.1    Hauri, E.H.2    Hirschmann, M.M.3
  • 3
    • 34249812384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercalibration of FTIR and SIMS for hydrogen measurements in glasses and nominally anhydrous minerals
    • doi:10.2138/am.2007.2248
    • Aubaud, C., A. C. Withers, M. M. Hirschmann, Y. B. Guan, L. A. Leshin, S. J. Mackwell, and D. R. Bell (2007), Intercalibration of FTIR and SIMS for hydrogen measurements in glasses and nominally anhydrous minerals, Am. Mineral., 92(5-6), 811-828, doi:10.2138/am.2007.2248.
    • (2007) Am. Mineral. , vol.92 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 811-828
    • Aubaud, C.1    Withers, A.C.2    Hirschmann, M.M.3    Guan, Y.B.4    Leshin, L.A.5    Mackwell, S.J.6    Bell, D.R.7
  • 4
    • 0026469604 scopus 로고
    • Substantial hydrogen solubility in olivine and implications for water storage in the mantle
    • doi:10.1038/357672a0
    • Bai, Q., and D. L. Kohlstedt (1992), Substantial hydrogen solubility in olivine and implications for water storage in the mantle, Nature, 357(6380), 672-674, doi:10.1038/357672a0.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , Issue.6380 , pp. 672-674
    • Bai, Q.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 5
    • 84865180899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformation and hydration of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa
    • doi:10.1016/j. lithos.2012.05.001, in press
    • Baptiste, V., A. Tommasi, and S. Demouchy (2012), Deformation and hydration of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa, Lithos, doi:10.1016/j. lithos.2012.05.001, in press.
    • (2012) Lithos
    • Baptiste, V.1    Tommasi, A.2    Demouchy, S.3
  • 6
    • 0001096025 scopus 로고
    • Water in mantle minerals
    • doi:10.1038/357646a0
    • Bell, D. R. (1992), Water in mantle minerals, Nature, 357(6380), 646-647, doi:10.1038/357646a0.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , Issue.6380 , pp. 646-647
    • Bell, D.R.1
  • 7
    • 0026442984 scopus 로고
    • Water in Earth's mantle-The role of nominally anhydrous minerals
    • doi:10.1126/science.255.5050.1391
    • Bell, D. R., and G. R. Rossman (1992), Water in Earth's mantle-The role of nominally anhydrous minerals, Science, 255(5050), 1391-1397, doi:10.1126/science.255.5050.1391.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , Issue.5050 , pp. 1391-1397
    • Bell, D.R.1    Rossman, G.R.2
  • 8
    • 0037593539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxide in olivine: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum
    • doi:10.1029/2001JB000679
    • Bell, D. R., G. R. Rossman, J. Maldener, D. Endisch, and F. Rauch (2003), Hydroxide in olivine: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2105, doi:10.1029/2001JB000679.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.B2 , pp. 2105
    • Bell, D.R.1    Rossman, G.R.2    Maldener, J.3    Endisch, D.4    Rauch, F.5
  • 9
    • 2442685923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance and partitioning of OH in a high-pressure magmatic system: Megacrysts from the Monastery kimberlite, South Africa
    • doi:10.1093/petrology/egh015
    • Bell, D. R., G. R. Rossman, and R. O. Moore (2004), Abundance and partitioning of OH in a high-pressure magmatic system: Megacrysts from the Monastery kimberlite, South Africa, J. Petrol., 45(8), 1539-1564, doi:10.1093/petrology/egh015.
    • (2004) J. Petrol. , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1539-1564
    • Bell, D.R.1    Rossman, G.R.2    Moore, R.O.3
  • 10
    • 51249192991 scopus 로고
    • Use of vibrational approach to determine bounds for effective permittivity in random media
    • doi:10.1007/BF02748596
    • Beran, M. (1965), Use of vibrational approach to determine bounds for effective permittivity in random media, Nuovo Cimento, 38(2), 771, doi:10.1007/BF02748596.
    • (1965) Nuovo Cimento , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 771
    • Beran, M.1
  • 11
    • 0001490516 scopus 로고
    • Use of classical variational principles to determine bounds for effective bulk modulus in heterogeneous media
    • Beran, M., and J. Molyneux (1966), Use of classical variational principles to determine bounds for effective bulk modulus in heterogeneous media, Q. Appl. Math., 24(2), 107-118.
    • (1966) Q. Appl. Math. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-118
    • Beran, M.1    Molyneux, J.2
  • 12
    • 0000473823 scopus 로고
    • Mixture theories for rock properties
    • doi:10.1029/RF003p0205. AGU Ref. Shelf, edited by T. J. Ahrens, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • Berryman, J. G. (1995), Mixture theories for rock properties, in Rock Physics &Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 3, edited by T. J. Ahrens, pp. 205-228., AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/RF003p0205.
    • (1995) Rock Physics &Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants , vol.3 , pp. 205-228
    • Berryman, J.G.1
  • 13
    • 0033673244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water partitioning between nominally anhydrous minerals in the MgO-SiO2-H2O system up to 24 GPa: Implications for the distribution of water in the Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00244-2
    • Bolfan-Casanova, N., H. Keppler, and D. C. Rubie (2000), Water partitioning between nominally anhydrous minerals in the MgO-SiO2-H2O system up to 24 GPa: Implications for the distribution of water in the Earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 182(3-4), 209-221, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00) 00244-2.
    • (2000) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.182 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 209-221
    • Bolfan-Casanova, N.1    Keppler, H.2    Rubie, D.C.3
  • 14
    • 0025674827 scopus 로고
    • Geothermobarometry in 4-phase lherzolites. 2. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers
    • Brey, G. P., and T. Köhler (1990), Geothermobarometry in 4-phase lherzolites. 2. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers, J. Petrol., 31(6), 1353-1378.
    • (1990) J. Petrol. , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1353-1378
    • Brey, G.P.1    Köhler, T.2
  • 15
    • 33745596130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEO3: A new model of olivine electrical conductivity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03041.x
    • Constable, S. (2006), SEO3: A new model of olivine electrical conductivity, Geophys. J. Int., 166(1), 435-437, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006. 03041.x.
    • (2006) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 435-437
    • Constable, S.1
  • 16
    • 0023525470 scopus 로고
    • Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data
    • doi:10.1190/1.1442303
    • Constable, S., R. L. Parker, and C. G. Constable (1987), Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data, Geophysics, 52(3), 289-300, doi:10.1190/1. 1442303.
    • (1987) Geophysics , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-300
    • Constable, S.1    Parker, R.L.2    Constable, C.G.3
  • 17
    • 77449112465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene: Implications for the water content of the asthenosphere
    • doi:10.2183/pjab.85.466
    • Dai, L. D., and S. Karato (2009), Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene: Implications for the water content of the asthenosphere, Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 85(10), 466-475, doi:10.2183/pjab.85.466.
    • (2009) Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B , vol.85 , Issue.10 , pp. 466-475
    • Dai, L.D.1    Karato, S.2
  • 18
    • 33745290694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid magma ascent recorded by water diffusion profiles in mantle olivine
    • doi:10.1130/G22386.1
    • Demouchy, S., S. D. Jacobsen, F. Gaillard, and C. R. Stern (2006), Rapid magma ascent recorded by water diffusion profiles in mantle olivine, Geology, 34(6), 429-432, doi:10.1130/G22386.1.
    • (2006) Geology , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 429-432
    • Demouchy, S.1    Jacobsen, S.D.2    Gaillard, F.3    Stern, C.R.4
  • 19
    • 0020436293 scopus 로고
    • Free carbon and electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1029/GL009i011p01271
    • Duba, A. G., and T. J. Shankland (1982), Free carbon and electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9(11), 1271-1274, doi:10.1029/GL009i011p01271.
    • (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 1271-1274
    • Duba, A.G.1    Shankland, T.J.2
  • 20
    • 0034352656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced mantle conductivity from sulfide minerals, southern Sierra Nevada, California
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL011565
    • Ducea, M. N., and S. K. Park (2000), Enhanced mantle conductivity from sulfide minerals, southern Sierra Nevada, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(16), 2405-2408, doi:10.1029/2000GL011565.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , Issue.16 , pp. 2405-2408
    • Ducea, M.N.1    Park, S.K.2
  • 21
    • 84858627574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deuteriumhydrogen exchange in olivine: Implications for point defects and electrical conductivity
    • doi:10.1029/2011GC003895
    • Du Frane, W. L., and J. A. Tyburczy (2012), Deuteriumhydrogen exchange in olivine: Implications for point defects and electrical conductivity, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 13, Q03004, doi:10.1029/2011GC003895.
    • (2012) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.13
    • Du Frane, W.L.1    Tyburczy, J.A.2
  • 22
    • 33748502729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic fabric of the subcontinental lithosphere: Evidence from seismic, magnetotelluric and mechanical anisotropy-Preface
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2006.05.005
    • Eaton, D. W., and A. G. Jones (2006), Tectonic fabric of the subcontinental lithosphere: Evidence from seismic, magnetotelluric and mechanical anisotropy-Preface, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 158(2-4), 85-91, doi:10.1016/j.pepi. 2006.05.005.
    • (2006) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.158 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 85-91
    • Eaton, D.W.1    Jones, A.G.2
  • 23
    • 79955426798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB007883
    • Evans, R. L., et al. (2011), Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B04105, doi:10.1029/ 2010JB007883.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Evans, R.L.1
  • 24
    • 72249117316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LitMod3D: An interactive 3-D software to model the thermal, compositional, density, seismological, and rheological structure of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle
    • doi:10.1029/2009GC002391
    • Fullea, J., J. C. Afonso, J. A. D. Connolly, M. Fernandez, D. Garcia-Castellanos, and H. Zeyen (2009), LitMod3D: An interactive 3-D software to model the thermal, compositional, density, seismological, and rheological structure of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q08019, doi:10.1029/2009GC002391.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.10
    • Fullea, J.1    Afonso, J.C.2    Connolly, J.A.D.3    Fernandez, M.4    Garcia-Castellanos, D.5    Zeyen, H.6
  • 25
    • 80054021888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of continental lithospheric mantle from integrated geophysical and petrological modeling: Application to the Kaapvaal Craton and Rehoboth Terrane, southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2011JB008544
    • Fullea, J., M. R. Muller, and A. G. Jones (2011), Electrical conductivity of continental lithospheric mantle from integrated geophysical and petrological modeling: Application to the Kaapvaal Craton and Rehoboth Terrane, southern Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B10202, doi:10.1029/2011JB008544.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Fullea, J.1    Muller, M.R.2    Jones, A.G.3
  • 26
    • 19444364961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite
    • doi:10.1007/s004100050396
    • Gaetani, G. A., and T. L. Grove (1998), The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 131(4), 323-346, doi:10.1007/s004100050396.
    • (1998) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-346
    • Gaetani, G.A.1    Grove, T.L.2
  • 27
    • 34249779418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water partitioning between mantle minerals from peridotite xenoliths
    • doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0177-1
    • Grant, K., J. Ingrin, J. P. Lorand, and P. Dumas (2007), Water partitioning between mantle minerals from peridotite xenoliths, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 154(1), 15-34, doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0177-1.
    • (2007) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.154 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-34
    • Grant, K.1    Ingrin, J.2    Lorand, J.P.3    Dumas, P.4
  • 28
    • 33747078502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of water during melting of the Earth's upper mantle at H2O-undersaturated conditions
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.014
    • Hauri, E. H., G. A. Gaetani, and T. H. Green (2006), Partitioning of water during melting of the Earth's upper mantle at H2O-undersaturated conditions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 248(3-4), 715-734, doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2006.06.014.
    • (2006) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.248 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 715-734
    • Hauri, E.H.1    Gaetani, G.A.2    Green, T.H.3
  • 29
    • 19844363187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of protons on Fe-Mg interdiffusion in olivine
    • doi:10.1029/2004JB003292
    • Hier-Majumder, S., I. M. Anderson, and D. L. Kohlstedt (2005), Influence of protons on Fe-Mg interdiffusion in olivine, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B02202, doi:10.1029/2004JB003292.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Hier-Majumder, S.1    Anderson, I.M.2    Kohlstedt, D.L.3
  • 30
    • 0027458195 scopus 로고
    • Electrical conduction and polaron mobility in Fe-bearing olivine
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01464.x
    • Hirsch, L. M., T. J. Shankland, and A. G. Duba (1993), Electrical conduction and polaron mobility in Fe-bearing olivine, Geophys. J. Int., 114(1), 36-44, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X. 1993.tb01464.x
    • (1993) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-44
    • Hirsch, L.M.1    Shankland, T.J.2    Duba, A.G.3
  • 31
    • 84861589541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1063/PT.3.1476
    • Hirschmann, M., and D. Kohlstedt (2012), Water in Earth's mantle, Phys. Today, 65(3), 40-45, doi:10.1063/PT.3.1476.
    • (2012) Phys. Today , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 40-45
    • Hirschmann, M.1    Kohlstedt, D.2
  • 32
    • 0030438851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere
    • doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00154-9
    • Hirth, G., and D. L. Kohlstedt (1996), Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(1-2), 93-108, doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(96)00154-9.
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.144 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 93-108
    • Hirth, G.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 33
    • 17644405811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite
    • doi:10.1038/nature03426
    • Huang, X. G., Y. S. Xu, and S. Karato (2005), Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, Nature, 434(7034), 746-749, doi:10.1038/nature03426.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , Issue.7034 , pp. 746-749
    • Huang, X.G.1    Xu, Y.S.2    Karato, S.3
  • 34
    • 0034113186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: Concentration levels and implications
    • Ingrin, J., and H. Skogby (2000), Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: Concentration levels and implications, Eur. J. Mineral., 12(3), 543-570.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Mineral. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 543-570
    • Ingrin, J.1    Skogby, H.2
  • 35
    • 0035391888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL012578
    • James, D. E., M. J. Fouch, J. C. VanDecar, S. van der Lee, and G. Kaapvaal Seismic (2001), Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(13), 2485-2488, doi:10.1029/2000GL012578.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , Issue.13 , pp. 2485-2488
    • James, D.E.1    Fouch, M.J.2    VanDecar, J.C.3    Van Der Lee, S.4    Kaapvaal, G.5
  • 36
    • 4143119557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenolith constraints on seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2003GC000551
    • James, D. E., F. R. Boyd, D. Schutt, D. R. Bell, and R. W. Carlson (2004), Xenolith constraints on seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath southern Africa, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q01002, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000551.
    • (2004) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.5
    • James, D.E.1    Boyd, F.R.2    Schutt, D.3    Bell, D.R.4    Carlson, R.W.5
  • 37
    • 0024248382 scopus 로고
    • Static shift of magnetotelluric data and its removal in a sedimentary basin environment
    • doi:10.1190/1.1442533
    • Jones, A. G. (1988), Static shift of magnetotelluric data and its removal in a sedimentary basin environment, Geophysics, 53(7), 967-978, doi:10.1190/1.1442533.
    • (1988) Geophysics , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 967-978
    • Jones, A.G.1
  • 38
    • 0033375603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the continental upper mantle using electromagnetic methods
    • doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00022-5
    • Jones, A. G. (1999), Imaging the continental upper mantle using electromagnetic methods, Lithos, 48(1-4), 57-80, doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(99) 00022-5.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 57-80
    • Jones, A.G.1
  • 39
    • 61849113815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocityconductivity relationships for mantle mineral assemblages in Archean cratonic lithosphere based on a review of laboratory data and Hashin-Shtrikman extremal bounds
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.014
    • Jones, A. G., R. L. Evans, and D. W. Eaton (2009a), Velocityconductivity relationships for mantle mineral assemblages in Archean cratonic lithosphere based on a review of laboratory data and Hashin-Shtrikman extremal bounds, Lithos, 109(1-2), 131-143, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.014.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.109 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 131-143
    • Jones, A.G.1    Evans, R.L.2    Eaton, D.W.3
  • 40
    • 72149117671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Area selection for diamonds using magnetotellurics: Examples from southern Africa
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.011
    • Jones, A. G., et al. (2009b), Area selection for diamonds using magnetotellurics: Examples from southern Africa, Lithos, 112, 83-92, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.011.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.112 , pp. 83-92
    • Jones, A.G.1
  • 41
    • 0023685368 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow in the Witwatersrand Basin and environs and its significance for the South African shield geotherm and lithosphere thickness
    • doi:10.1029/JB093iB04p03243
    • Jones, M. Q. W. (1988), Heat flow in the Witwatersrand Basin and environs and its significance for the South African shield geotherm and lithosphere thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 93(B4), 3243-3260, doi:10.1029/JB093iB04p03243.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , Issue.B4 , pp. 3243-3260
    • Jones, M.Q.W.1
  • 42
    • 0035943384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine
    • doi:10.1126/science.1062235
    • Jung, H., and S. Karato (2001), Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine, Science, 293(5534), 1460-1463, doi:10.1126/science.1062235.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , Issue.5534 , pp. 1460-1463
    • Jung, H.1    Karato, S.2
  • 43
    • 0025591659 scopus 로고
    • The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle
    • doi:10.1038/347272a0
    • Karato, S. (1990), The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle, Nature, 347(6290), 272-273, doi:10.1038/347272a0.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , Issue.6290 , pp. 272-273
    • Karato, S.1
  • 44
    • 33749644737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of hydrogen in Earth's mantle, in Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals
    • edited by H. Keppler and J. R. Smyth, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.15
    • Karato, S. (2006), Remote sensing of hydrogen in Earth's mantle, in Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem., vol. 62, edited by H. Keppler and J. R. Smyth, pp. 343-375, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.15.
    • (2006) Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem. , vol.62 , pp. 343-375
    • Karato, S.1
  • 45
    • 78650573524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water distribution across the mantle transition zone and its implications for global material circulation
    • doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2010.11.038
    • Karato, S. (2011), Water distribution across the mantle transition zone and its implications for global material circulation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 301(3-4), 413-423, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2010.11.038.
    • (2011) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.301 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 413-423
    • Karato, S.1
  • 46
    • 67349100605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • by Manthilake et al. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.01.011
    • Karato, S., and L. D. Dai (2009), Comments on "Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content" by Manthilake et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174(1-4), 19-21, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.01.011.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 19-21
    • Karato, S.1    Dai, L.D.2
  • 47
    • 84862507262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks
    • edited by S. Karato, John Wiley, Hoboken. N. J., in press
    • Karato, S., and D. Wang (2012), Electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks, in Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth, edited by S. Karato, John Wiley, Hoboken. N. J., in press
    • (2012) Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth
    • Karato, S.1    Wang, D.2
  • 48
    • 0001404985 scopus 로고
    • Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: Influence of grain-size and water
    • doi:10.1029/JB091iB08p08151
    • Karato, S., M. S. Paterson, and J. D. Fitz Gerald (1986), Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: Influence of grain-size and water, J. Geophys. Res., 91(B8), 8151-8176, doi:10.1029/JB091iB08p08151.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.B8 , pp. 8151-8176
    • Karato, S.1    Paterson, M.S.2    Fitz Gerald, J.D.3
  • 49
    • 33749623882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preface
    • Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.0, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C.
    • Keppler, H., and J. R. Smyth (2006), Preface, in Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem., vol. 62, pp. v-viii, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.0.
    • (2006) Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals , vol.62 , pp. 5-8
    • Keppler, H.1    Smyth, J.R.2
  • 50
    • 84255189060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geophysical perspective on mantle water content and melting: Inverting electromagnetic sounding data using laboratory-based electrical conductivity profiles
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.031
    • Khan, A., and T. J. Shankland (2012), A geophysical perspective on mantle water content and melting: Inverting electromagnetic sounding data using laboratory-based electrical conductivity profiles, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 317-318, 27-43, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.031.
    • (2012) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , Issue.317-318 , pp. 27-43
    • Khan, A.1    Shankland, T.J.2
  • 51
    • 79551616138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the heterogeneous electrical conductivity structure of the Earth's mantle with implications for transition zone water content
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB007458
    • Khan, A., A. Kuvshinov, and A. Semenov (2011), On the heterogeneous electrical conductivity structure of the Earth's mantle with implications for transition zone water content, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B01103, doi:10.1029/2010JB007458.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Khan, A.1    Kuvshinov, A.2    Semenov, A.3
  • 52
    • 71749093664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cretaceous thermo-chemical modification of the Kaapvaal cratonic lithosphere, South Africa
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.031
    • Kobussen, A. F., W. L. Griffin, and S. Y. O'Reilly (2009), Cretaceous thermo-chemical modification of the Kaapvaal cratonic lithosphere, South Africa, Lithos, 112, 886-895, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.031.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.112 , pp. 886-895
    • Kobussen, A.F.1    Griffin, W.L.2    O'Reilly, S.Y.3
  • 53
    • 0025645096 scopus 로고
    • Calcium exchange between olivine and clinopyroxene calibrated as a geothermobarometer for natural peridotites from 2 to 60 kb with applications
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90226
    • Köhler, T., and G. P. Brey (1990), Calcium exchange between olivine and clinopyroxene calibrated as a geothermobarometer for natural peridotites from 2 to 60 kb with applications, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 2375-2388, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90226
    • (1990) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.54 , pp. 2375-2388
    • Köhler, T.1    Brey, G.P.2
  • 54
    • 0031461529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns in the hydrogen and trace element compositions of mantle olivines
    • doi:10.1007/s002690050052
    • B. Kurosawa, M., H. Yurimoto, and S. Sueno (1997), Patterns in the hydrogen and trace element compositions of mantle olivines, Phys. Chem. Miner., 24(6), 385-395, doi:10.1007/s002690050052.
    • (1997) Phys. Chem. Miner. , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 385-395
    • Kurosawa, B.1    Yurimoto, H.2    Sueno, S.3
  • 55
    • 0032453548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the volcanology of the Gibeon Kimberlite Field, Namibia
    • doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00044-4
    • Kurszlaukis, S., L. Franz, and V. Lorenz (1998), On the volcanology of the Gibeon Kimberlite Field, Namibia, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 84(3-4), 257-272, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00044-4.
    • (1998) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , vol.84 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 257-272
    • Kurszlaukis, S.1    Franz, L.2    Lorenz, V.3
  • 56
    • 56449127076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water contents in mantle xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau and vicinity: Implications for the mantle rheology and hydration-induced thinning of continental lithosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2007JB005540
    • Li, Z. X. A., C. T. A. Lee, A. H. Peslier, A. Lenardic, and S. J. Mackwell (2008), Water contents in mantle xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau and vicinity: Implications for the mantle rheology and hydration-induced thinning of continental lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B09210, doi:10.1029/2007JB005540.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Li, Z.X.A.1    Lee, C.T.A.2    Peslier, A.H.3    Lenardic, A.4    Mackwell, S.J.5
  • 57
    • 0031422252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An IR absorption calibration for water in minerals
    • Libowitzky, E., and G. R. Rossman (1997), An IR absorption calibration for water in minerals, Am. Mineral., 82(11-12), 1111-1115.
    • (1997) Am. Mineral. , vol.82 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Libowitzky, E.1    Rossman, G.R.2
  • 58
    • 0000888639 scopus 로고
    • The system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2: Solubility of Al2O3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions
    • MacGregor, I. D. (1974), The system MgO-Al2O 3-SiO2: Solubility of Al2O3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions, Am. Mineral., 59, 110-119.
    • (1974) Am. Mineral. , vol.59 , pp. 110-119
    • MacGregor, I.D.1
  • 59
    • 0025230984 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of hydrogen in olivine: Implications for water in the mantle
    • doi:10.1029/JB095iB04p05079
    • Mackwell, S. J., and D. L. Kohlstedt (1990), Diffusion of hydrogen in olivine: Implications for water in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 95(B4), 5079-5088, doi:10.1029/JB095iB04p05079.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , Issue.B4 , pp. 5079-5088
    • Mackwell, S.J.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 60
    • 0022204941 scopus 로고
    • The role of water in the deformation of olivine single crystals
    • doi:10.1029/JB090iB13p11319
    • Mackwell, S. J., D. L. Kohlstedt, and M. S. Paterson (1985), The role of water in the deformation of olivine single crystals, J. Geophys. Res., 90(B13), 11,319-11,333, doi:10.1029/JB090iB13p11319.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , Issue.B13 , pp. 11319-11333
    • Mackwell, S.J.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2    Paterson, M.S.3
  • 61
    • 67349158315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.06.001
    • Manthilake, M., T. Matsuzaki, T. Yoshino, S. Yamashita, E. Ito, and T. Katsura (2009), Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174(1-4), 10-18, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.06.001.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 10-18
    • Manthilake, M.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Yoshino, T.3    Yamashita, S.4    Ito, E.5    Katsura, T.6
  • 62
    • 0001673841 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyl in the mantle
    • Martin, R. F., and G. Donnay (1972), Hydroxyl in the mantle, Am. Mineral., 57(3-4), 554-570.
    • (1972) Am. Mineral. , vol.57 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 554-570
    • Martin, R.F.1    Donnay, G.2
  • 63
    • 67349277269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global variations of temperature and water content in the mantle transition zone from higher mode surface waves
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.004
    • Meier, U., J. Trampert, and A. Curtis (2009), Global variations of temperature and water content in the mantle transition zone from higher mode surface waves, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 282(1-4), 91-101, doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2009.03.004.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.282 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 91-101
    • Meier, U.1    Trampert, J.2    Curtis, A.3
  • 64
    • 79951472921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric structures and Precambrian terrane boundaries in northeastern Botswana revealed through magnetotelluric profiling as part of the Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB007740
    • Miensopust, M. P., A. G. Jones, M. R. Muller, X. Garcia, and R. L. Evans (2011), Lithospheric structures and Precambrian terrane boundaries in northeastern Botswana revealed through magnetotelluric profiling as part of the Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B02401, doi:10.1029/2010JB007740.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Miensopust, M.P.1    Jones, A.G.2    Muller, M.R.3    Garcia, X.4    Evans, R.L.5
  • 65
    • 81855183735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of hydrogen in olivine by SIMS: Evaluation of standards and protocol
    • doi:10.2138/am.2011.3810
    • Mosenfelder, J. L., M. Le Voyer, G. R. Rossman, Y. B. Guan, D. R. Bell, P. D. Asimow, and J. M. Eiler (2011), Analysis of hydrogen in olivine by SIMS: Evaluation of standards and protocol, Am. Mineral., 96(11-12), 1725-1741, doi:10.2138/am.2011.3810.
    • (2011) Am. Mineral. , vol.96 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1725-1741
    • Mosenfelder, J.L.1    Le Voyer, M.2    Rossman, G.R.3    Guan, Y.B.4    Bell, D.R.5    Asimow, P.D.6    Eiler, J.M.7
  • 66
    • 72049130282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric structure, evolution and diamond prospectivity of the Rehoboth Terrane and western Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa: Constraints from broadband magnetotellurics
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.023
    • Muller, M. R., et al. (2009), Lithospheric structure, evolution and diamond prospectivity of the Rehoboth Terrane and western Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa: Constraints from broadband magnetotellurics, Lithos, 112, 93-105, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.023.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.112 , pp. 93-105
    • Muller, M.R.1
  • 67
    • 77958526829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internally consistent geothermometers for garnet peridotites and pyroxenites
    • doi:10.1007/s00410-009-0455-9
    • Nimis, P., and H. Grutter (2010), Internally consistent geothermometers for garnet peridotites and pyroxenites, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 159(3), 411-427, doi:10.1007/s00410-009-0455-9.
    • (2010) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.159 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-427
    • Nimis, P.1    Grutter, H.2
  • 68
    • 34250270869 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer
    • doi:10.1007/BF00371872
    • O'Neill, H. S. C., and B. J. Wood (1979), An experimental study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 70, 59-70, doi:10.1007/BF00371872.
    • (1979) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.70 , pp. 59-70
    • O'Neill, H.S.C.1    Wood, B.J.2
  • 69
    • 0019144808 scopus 로고
    • The inverse problem of electromagnetic induction: Existence and construction of solutions based on incomplete data
    • doi:10.1029/JB085iB08p04421
    • Parker, R. L. (1980), The inverse problem of electromagnetic induction: Existence and construction of solutions based on incomplete data, J. Geophys. Res., 85(B8), 4421-4428, doi:10.1029/JB085iB08p04421.
    • (1980) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.85 , Issue.B8 , pp. 4421-4428
    • Parker, R.L.1
  • 70
    • 0030417707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal onedimensional inversion and bounding of magnetotelluric apparent resistivity and phase measurements
    • doi:10.1016/S0031-9201(96) 03191-3
    • Parker, R. L., and J. R. Booker (1996), Optimal onedimensional inversion and bounding of magnetotelluric apparent resistivity and phase measurements, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 98(3-4), 269-282, doi:10.1016/S0031-9201(96) 03191-3.
    • (1996) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.98 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 269-282
    • Parker, R.L.1    Booker, J.R.2
  • 71
    • 0019910802 scopus 로고
    • The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials
    • Paterson, M. S. (1982), The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials, Bull. Mineral., 105(1), 20-29.
    • (1982) Bull. Mineral. , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-29
    • Paterson, M.S.1
  • 72
    • 77955216996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of water contents of nominally anhydrous natural minerals in the mantles of Earth, Mars and the Moon
    • doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.006
    • Peslier, A. H. (2010), A review of water contents of nominally anhydrous natural minerals in the mantles of Earth, Mars and the Moon, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 197(1-4), 239-258, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.006.
    • (2010) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , vol.197 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 239-258
    • Peslier, A.H.1
  • 73
    • 44149120677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast kimberlite ascent rates estimated from hydrogen diffusion profiles in xenolithic mantle olivines from southern Africa
    • doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.019
    • Peslier, A. H., A. B. Woodland, and J. A. Wolff (2008), Fast kimberlite ascent rates estimated from hydrogen diffusion profiles in xenolithic mantle olivines from southern Africa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72(11), 2711-2722, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.019.
    • (2008) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.72 , Issue.11 , pp. 2711-2722
    • Peslier, A.H.1    Woodland, A.B.2    Wolff, J.A.3
  • 74
    • 84940165835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of H incorporation in pyroxenes and garnets from FTIR data on Kaapvaal craton xenoliths
    • Peslier, A. H., A. B. Woodland, and M. Lazarov (2010a), Controls of H incorporation in pyroxenes and garnets from FTIR data on Kaapvaal craton xenoliths, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74(12), A808.
    • (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.74 , Issue.12
    • Peslier, A.H.1    Woodland, A.B.2    Lazarov, M.3
  • 75
    • 77956320753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olivine water contents in the continental lithosphere and the longevity of cratons
    • doi:10.1038/nature09317
    • Peslier, A. H., A. B. Woodland, D. R. Bell, and M. Lazarov (2010b), Olivine water contents in the continental lithosphere and the longevity of cratons, Nature, 467(7311), 78-81, doi:10.1038/nature09317.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , Issue.7311 , pp. 78-81
    • Peslier, A.H.1    Woodland, A.B.2    Bell, D.R.3    Lazarov, M.4
  • 76
    • 77954815301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity anisotropy of dry and hydrous olivine at 8 GPa
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.05.003
    • Poe, B. T., C. Romano, F. Nestola, and J. R. Smyth (2010), Electrical conductivity anisotropy of dry and hydrous olivine at 8 GPa, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 181(3-4), 103-111, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.05.003.
    • (2010) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.181 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 103-111
    • Poe, B.T.1    Romano, C.2    Nestola, F.3    Smyth, J.R.4
  • 77
    • 33748551998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivities of pyrope-almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700°C
    • doi:10.2138/am.2006.1983
    • Romano, C., B. T. Poe, N. Kreidie, and C. A. McCammon (2006), Electrical conductivities of pyrope-almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700°C, Am. Mineral., 91(8-9), 1371-1377, doi:10.2138/am.2006.1983.
    • (2006) Am. Mineral. , vol.91 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 1371-1377
    • Romano, C.1    Poe, B.T.2    Kreidie, N.3    McCammon, C.A.4
  • 78
    • 33749612351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical methods for measuring water in nominally anhydrous minerals
    • edited by H. Keppler and J. R. Smyth, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.1
    • Rossman, G. R. (2006), Analytical methods for measuring water in nominally anhydrous minerals, in Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem., vol. 62, edited by H. Keppler and J. R. Smyth, pp. 1-28, Mineral. Soc. of Am., Washington, D. C., doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.1.
    • (2006) Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, Rev. in Mineral. and Geochem. , vol.62 , pp. 1-28
    • Rossman, G.R.1
  • 79
    • 33947250897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical scaling model for averaging elastic properties including interfacial effects
    • doi:10.2138/am.2007.2472
    • Salje, E. K. H. (2007), An empirical scaling model for averaging elastic properties including interfacial effects, Am. Mineral., 92(2-3), 429-432, doi:10.2138/am.2007.2472.
    • (2007) Am. Mineral. , vol.92 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 429-432
    • Salje, E.K.H.1
  • 80
    • 80053341008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garnet pyroxenite, eclogite and alkremite xenoliths from the off-craton Gibeon Kimberlite Field, Namibia: A window into the upper mantle of the Rehoboth Terrane
    • doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.010
    • Schmädicke, E., M. Okrusch, P. Rupprecht-Gutowski, and T. M. Will (2011), Garnet pyroxenite, eclogite and alkremite xenoliths from the off-craton Gibeon Kimberlite Field, Namibia: A window into the upper mantle of the Rehoboth Terrane, Precambrian Res., 191(1-2), 1-17, doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.010.
    • (2011) Precambrian Res. , vol.191 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-17
    • Schmädicke, E.1    Okrusch, M.2    Rupprecht-Gutowski, P.3    Will, T.M.4
  • 81
    • 0021053853 scopus 로고
    • Pb-Sr and Nd-isotopic evidence for the source regions of southern African Cretaceous kimberlites
    • doi:10.1038/304051a0
    • Smith, C. B. (1983), Pb-Sr and Nd-isotopic evidence for the source regions of southern African Cretaceous kimberlites, Nature, 304, 51-54, doi:10.1038/304051a0.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 51-54
    • Smith, C.B.1
  • 82
    • 63049135825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric geometry of the Wopmay orogen from a Slave craton to Bear Province magnetotelluric transect
    • doi:10.1029/2007JB005326
    • Spratt, J. E., A. G. Jones, V. A. Jackson, L. Collins, and A. Avdeeva (2009), Lithospheric geometry of the Wopmay orogen from a Slave craton to Bear Province magnetotelluric transect, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B01101, doi:10.1029/2007JB005326.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Spratt, J.E.1    Jones, A.G.2    Jackson, V.A.3    Collins, L.4    Avdeeva, A.5
  • 83
    • 84952780701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards mapping three-dimensional distribution of water in the transition zone from P wave velocity tomography and 660-km discontinuity depths
    • edited by S.D. Jacobsen and S. van der Lee, AGU, Washington, D. C.,doi:10.1029/168GM18
    • Suetsugu, D., T. Inoue, A. Yamada, D. Zhao, and M. Obayashi (2006), Towards mapping three-dimensional distribution of water in the transition zone from P wave velocity tomography and 660-km discontinuity depths, in Earth's Deep Water Cycle, edited by S. D. Jacobsen and S. van der Lee, pp. 237-249, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/168GM18.
    • (2006) Earth's Deep Water Cycle , pp. 237-249
    • Suetsugu, D.1    Inoue, T.2    Yamada, A.3    Zhao, D.4    Obayashi, M.5
  • 84
    • 80053293047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in upper mantle pyroxene megacrysts and xenocrysts: A survey study
    • doi:10.2138/am.2011.3641
    • Sundvall, R., and R. Stalder (2011), Water in upper mantle pyroxene megacrysts and xenocrysts: A survey study, Am. Mineral., 96(8-9), 1215-1227, doi:10.2138/am.2011.3641.
    • (2011) Am. Mineral. , vol.96 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 1215-1227
    • Sundvall, R.1    Stalder, R.2
  • 85
    • 4744355637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical properties of fine-grained olivine: Evidence for grain boundary transport
    • doi:10.1029/2003JB002799
    • ten Grotenhuis, S. M., M. R. Drury, C. J. Peach, and C. J. Spiers (2004), Electrical properties of fine-grained olivine: Evidence for grain boundary transport, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B06203, doi:10.1029/2003JB002799.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Ten Grotenhuis, S.M.1    Drury, M.R.2    Peach, C.J.3    Spiers, C.J.4
  • 86
    • 70349336418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IR calibrations for water determination in olivine, r-GeO2, and SiO2 polymorphs
    • doi:10.1007/s00269-009-0295-1
    • Thomas, S. M., M. Koch-Muller, P. Reichart, D. Rhede, R. Thomas, R. Wirth, and S. Matsyuk (2009), IR calibrations for water determination in olivine, r-GeO2, and SiO2 polymorphs, Phys. Chem. Miner., 36(9), 489-509, doi:10.1007/s00269-009-0295-1.
    • (2009) Phys. Chem. Miner. , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 489-509
    • Thomas, S.M.1    Koch-Muller, M.2    Reichart, P.3    Rhede, D.4    Thomas, R.5    Wirth, R.6    Matsyuk, S.7
  • 87
    • 0027063496 scopus 로고
    • Water in the Earth's upper mantle
    • doi:10.1038/358295a0
    • Thompson, A. B. (1992), Water in the Earth's upper mantle, Nature, 358(6384), 295-302, doi:10.1038/358295a0.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , Issue.6384 , pp. 295-302
    • Thompson, A.B.1
  • 88
    • 33749606518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine
    • doi:10.1038/nature05256
    • Wang, D. J., M. Mookherjee, Y. S. Xu, and S. Karato (2006), The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine, Nature, 443(7114), 977-980, doi:10.1038/nature05256.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , Issue.7114 , pp. 977-980
    • Wang, D.J.1    Mookherjee, M.2    Xu, Y.S.3    Karato, S.4
  • 89
    • 78650119938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of conductive impurities on electrical conductivity in polycrystalline olivine
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL041566
    • Watson, H. C., J. J. Roberts, and J. A. Tyburczy (2010), Effect of conductive impurities on electrical conductivity in polycrystalline olivine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02302, doi:10.1029/2009GL041566.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Watson, H.C.1    Roberts, J.J.2    Tyburczy, J.A.3
  • 90
    • 0034979889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen in the deep earth
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.365
    • Williams, Q., and R. J. Hemley (2001), Hydrogen in the deep earth, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 29, 365-418, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.365.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 365-418
    • Williams, Q.1    Hemley, R.J.2
  • 91
    • 77955191387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low water content of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern part of the North China Craton
    • doi:10.1029/2009JB006694
    • Xia, Q. K., Y. T. Hao, P. Li, E. Deloule, M. Coltorti, L. Dallai, X. Z. Yang, and M. Feng (2010), Low water content of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern part of the North China Craton, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B07207, doi:10.1029/2009JB006694.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.115
    • Xia, Q.K.1    Hao, Y.T.2    Li, P.3    Deloule, E.4    Coltorti, M.5    Dallai, L.6    Yang, X.Z.7    Feng, M.8
  • 92
    • 79952722190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the third-order bounds of the effective shear modulus of two-phase composites
    • doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.02.009
    • Xu, X. F. (2011), On the third-order bounds of the effective shear modulus of two-phase composites, Mech. Mater., 43(5), 269-275, doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.02.009.
    • (2011) Mech. Mater. , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 269-275
    • Xu, X.F.1
  • 93
    • 0033386834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and its high pressure phases
    • doi:10.1029/1999GL008378
    • Xu, Y. S., and T. J. Shankland (1999), Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and its high pressure phases, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(17), 2645-2648, doi:10.1029/1999GL008378.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , Issue.17 , pp. 2645-2648
    • Xu, Y.S.1    Shankland, T.J.2
  • 94
    • 0034471339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratorybased electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1029/2000JB900299
    • Xu, Y. S., T. J. Shankland, and B. T. Poe (2000), Laboratorybased electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B12), 27,865-27,875, doi:10.1029/2000JB900299.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 B12 , pp. 27865-27875
    • Xu, Y.S.1    Shankland, T.J.2    Poe, B.T.3
  • 95
    • 84863230643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fe3 +-rich augite and high electrical conductivity in the deep lithosphere
    • doi:10.1130/G32725.1
    • Yang, X. Z., and C. McCammon (2012), Fe3 +-rich augite and high electrical conductivity in the deep lithosphere, Geology, 40(2), 131-134, doi:10.1130/G32725.1.
    • (2012) Geology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-134
    • Yang, X.Z.1    McCammon, C.2
  • 96
    • 79955066115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of water on the electrical conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB008010
    • Yang, X. Z., H. Keppler, C. McCammon, H. W. Ni, Q. K. Xia, and Q. C. Fan (2011), Effect of water on the electrical conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B04208, doi:10.1029/2010JB008010.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Yang, X.Z.1    Keppler, H.2    McCammon, C.3    Ni, H.W.4    Xia, Q.K.5    Fan, Q.C.6
  • 97
    • 84855300897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in the lower crust
    • doi:10.1007/s00410-011-0657-9
    • Yang, X. Z., H. Keppler, C. McCammon, and H. W. Ni (2012), Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in the lower crust, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 163(1), 33-48, doi:10.1007/s00410-011-0657-9.
    • (2012) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.163 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-48
    • Yang, X.Z.1    Keppler, H.2    McCammon, C.3    Ni, H.W.4
  • 98
    • 77950459852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory electrical conductivity measurement of mantle minerals
    • doi:10.1007/s10712-009-9084-0
    • Yoshino, T. (2010), Laboratory electrical conductivity measurement of mantle minerals, Surv. Geophys., 31(2), 163-206, doi:10.1007/s10712-009-9084-0.
    • (2010) Surv. Geophys. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-206
    • Yoshino, T.1
  • 99
    • 67349242405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to comments on Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • by Manthilake et al, Discussion doi:10.1016/j. pepi.2009.01.012
    • Yoshino, T., and T. Katsura (2009), Reply to comments on "Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content" by Manthilake et al, Discussion, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174(1-4), 22-23, doi:10.1016/j. pepi.2009.01.012.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 22-23
    • Yoshino, T.1    Katsura, T.2
  • 100
    • 33750448332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere
    • doi:10.1038/nature05223
    • Yoshino, T., T. Matsuzaki, S. Yamashita, and T. Katsura (2006), Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere, Nature, 443(7114), 973-976, doi:10.1038/nature05223.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , Issue.7114 , pp. 973-976
    • Yoshino, T.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Yamashita, S.3    Katsura, T.4
  • 101
    • 70350755475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.032
    • Yoshino, T., T. Matsuzaki, A. Shatskiy, and T. Katsura (2009), The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 288(1-2), 291-300, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.032.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.288 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 291-300
    • Yoshino, T.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Shatskiy, A.3    Katsura, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.