메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

On the heterogeneous electrical conductivity structure of the Earths mantle with implications for transition zone water content

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY; MANTLE; TRANSITION ZONE; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 79551616138     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JB007458     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 84977246556 scopus 로고
    • Geomagnetic variations and the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle
    • Banks, R. (1969), Geomagnetic variations and the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 17, 457.
    • (1969) Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , vol.17 , pp. 457
    • Banks, R.1
  • 2
    • 84861880544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models
    • doi:10.1029/2001GC000168
    • Becker, T., and L. Boschi (2002), A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(1), 1003, doi:10.1029/2001GC000168.
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 1003
    • Becker, T.1    Boschi, L.2
  • 3
    • 0041408300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-mantle convection and the transition-zone water filter
    • Bercovici, D., and S.-I. Karato (2003), Whole-mantle convection and the transition-zone water filter, Nature, 425, 39.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 39
    • Bercovici, D.1    Karato, S.-I.2
  • 4
    • 0028594484 scopus 로고
    • Phase-transition Clapeyron slopes and transition zone seismic discontinuity topography
    • doi:10.1029/94JB00462
    • Bina, C., and G. R. Helffrich (1994), Phase-transition Clapeyron slopes and transition zone seismic discontinuity topography, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,853, doi:10.1029/94JB00462.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.15 , pp. 853
    • Bina, C.1    Helffrich, G.R.2
  • 5
    • 0033540311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithologic tomography: From plural geophysical data to lithology estimation
    • doi:10.1029/1998JB900014
    • Bosch, M. (1999), Lithologic tomography: From plural geophysical data to lithology estimation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 749, doi:10.1029/1998JB900014.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 749
    • Bosch, M.1
  • 6
    • 0019663639 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic parameters in the Earth as determined from seismic profiles
    • Brown, J. M., and T. J. Shankland (1981), Thermodynamic parameters in the Earth as determined from seismic profiles, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 66, 579.
    • (1981) Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , vol.66 , pp. 579
    • Brown, J.M.1    Shankland, T.J.2
  • 7
    • 3142705879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bounded influence magnetotelluric response function estimation
    • Chave, A. D., and D. J. Thomson (2004), Bounded influence magnetotelluric response function estimation, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 988.
    • (2004) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.157 , pp. 988
    • Chave, A.D.1    Thomson, D.J.2
  • 8
    • 0028564442 scopus 로고
    • Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the convecting mantle
    • doi:10.1029/93JB03403
    • Christensen, U. R., and A. W. Hofmann (1994), Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the convecting mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19,867, doi:10.1029/93JB03403.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.19 , pp. 867
    • Christensen, U.R.1    Hofmann, A.W.2
  • 9
    • 22144460994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and an application to subduction zone decarbonation
    • Connolly, J. A. D. (2005), Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and an application to subduction zone decarbonation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 236, 524.
    • (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.236 , pp. 524
    • Connolly, J.A.D.1
  • 10
    • 71949125587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing geomagnetic induction in magnetic satellite measurements and associated implications for mantle conductivity
    • doi:10.1029/2003GC000634
    • Constable, S., and C. Constable (2004), Observing geomagnetic induction in magnetic satellite measurements and associated implications for mantle conductivity, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q01006, doi:10.1029/2003GC000634.
    • (2004) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.5
    • Constable, S.1    Constable, C.2
  • 11
    • 70349381928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite at high temperatures and high pressure
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl2009.08.012
    • Dai, L., and S.-I. Karato (2009), Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite at high temperatures and high pressure, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 287, 277, doi:10.1016/j.epsl2009.08.012.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.287 , pp. 277
    • Dai, L.1    Karato, S.-I.2
  • 12
    • 0034352739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrical conductivity and thermal profile of the Earth's mid-mantle
    • doi:10.1029/1999GL008409
    • Dobson, D. P, and J. P. Brodholt (2000a), The electrical conductivity and thermal profile of the Earth's mid-mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2325, doi:10.1029/1999GL008409.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2325
    • Dobson, D.P.1    Brodholt, J.P.2
  • 13
    • 0034627636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrical conductivity of the lower mantle phase magnesiowüstite at high temperatures and pressures
    • doi:10.1029/1999JB900242
    • Dobson, D. P, and J. P. Brodholt (2000b), The electrical conductivity of the lower mantle phase magnesiowüstite at high temperatures and pressures, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 531, doi:10.1029/1999JB900242.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 531
    • Dobson, D.P.1    Brodholt, J.P.2
  • 14
    • 3242866885 scopus 로고
    • Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson observatory: Implications for mantle conductivity
    • doi:10.1029/92JB01251
    • Egbert, G., and J. R. Booker (1992), Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson observatory: Implications for mantle conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,099, doi:10.1029/92JB01251.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , Issue.15 , pp. 099
    • Egbert, G.1    Booker, J.R.2
  • 15
    • 17144455361 scopus 로고
    • Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson observatory: Implications for mantle conductivity
    • doi:10.1029/92JB01252
    • Egbert, G., J. R. Booker, and A. Schultz (1992), Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson observatory: Implications for mantle conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,113, doi:10.1029/92JB01252.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , Issue.15 , pp. 113
    • Egbert, G.1    Booker, J.R.2    Schultz, A.3
  • 16
    • 0036898689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 3D electromagnetic response of the Earth to ring current and auroral oval excitation
    • Fujii, I., and A. Schultz (2002), The 3D electromagnetic response of the Earth to ring current and auroral oval excitation, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 689.
    • (2002) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.151 , pp. 689
    • Fujii, I.1    Schultz, A.2
  • 17
    • 1642463820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans-Pacific temperature field in the mantle transition region derived from seismic and electromagnetic tomography
    • Fukao, Y., T. Koyama, M. Obayashi, and H. Utada (2004), Trans-Pacific temperature field in the mantle transition region derived from seismic and electromagnetic tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 217, 425.
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.217 , pp. 425
    • Fukao, Y.1    Koyama, T.2    Obayashi, M.3    Utada, H.4
  • 18
    • 0942288986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity of hydrous and dry silicic melts under pressure
    • Gaillard, F. (2004), Laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity of hydrous and dry silicic melts under pressure, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 218, 215.
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.218 , pp. 215
    • Gaillard, F.1
  • 19
    • 0018286732 scopus 로고
    • Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference
    • Gamble, T. D., J. Clarke, and W. M. Goubau (1979), Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference, Geophysics, 44, 53.
    • (1979) Geophysics , vol.44 , pp. 53
    • Gamble, T.D.1    Clarke, J.2    Goubau, W.M.3
  • 20
    • 77956890234 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications
    • Hastings, W. K. (1973), Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications, Biometrika, 57, 97.
    • (1973) Biometrika , vol.57 , pp. 97
    • Hastings, W.K.1
  • 21
    • 0035797422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Earth's mantle
    • Helffrich, G. R., and B. J. Wood (2001), The Earth's mantle, Nature, 412, 501.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 501
    • Helffrich, G.R.1    Wood, B.J.2
  • 22
    • 0030438851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere
    • Hirth, G., and D. L. Kohlstedt (1996), Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, 93.
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.144 , pp. 93
    • Hirth, G.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 23
    • 34547191867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism
    • Hofmann, A. W. (1997), Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism, Nature, 306, 429.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 429
    • Hofmann, A.W.1
  • 24
    • 17644405811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite
    • Huang, X., Y. Xu, and S.-I. Karato (2005), Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, Nature, 434, 746.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 746
    • Huang, X.1    Xu, Y.2    Karato, S.-I.3
  • 25
    • 0035475075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle conductivity structure of the back-arc region beneath northeastern China
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL012983
    • Ichiki, M., M. Uyeshima, H. Utada, Z. Guoze, T. Ji, and M. Mingzhi (2001), Upper mantle conductivity structure of the back-arc region beneath northeastern China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3773, doi:10.1029/2001GL012983.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 3773
    • Ichiki, M.1    Uyeshima, M.2    Utada, H.3    Guoze, Z.4    Ji, T.5    Mingzhi, M.6
  • 27
    • 61849113815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity-conductivity relationships for mantle mineral assemblages in Archean cratonic lithosphere based on a review of laboratory data and Hashin-Shtrikman extremal bounds
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.014
    • Jones, A. G., R. L. Evans, and D. W. Eaton (2009), Velocity-conductivity relationships for mantle mineral assemblages in Archean cratonic lithosphere based on a review of laboratory data and Hashin-Shtrikman extremal bounds, Lithos, 109, 131, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.014.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.109 , pp. 131
    • Jones, A.G.1    Evans, R.L.2    Eaton, D.W.3
  • 28
    • 0025591659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle
    • Karato, S.-I. (2003), The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle, Nature, 347, 272.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 272
    • Karato, S.-I.1
  • 29
    • 72149093247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheology of the deep upper mantle and its implications for the preservation of the continental roots: A review
    • doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.011
    • Karato, S.-I. (2009), Rheology of the deep upper mantle and its implications for the preservation of the continental roots: A review, Tectonophysics, 481, 82, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.011.
    • (2009) Tectonophysics , vol.481 , pp. 82
    • Karato, S.-I.1
  • 30
    • 67349100605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • Comments on, by Manthilake et al., doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.01.011
    • Karato, S.-I., and L. Dai (2009), Comments on "Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content" by Manthilake et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174, 19, doi:10.1016/j.pepi. 2009.01.011.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , pp. 19
    • Karato, S.-I.1    Dai, L.2
  • 31
    • 0032188781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of silicate perovskite at lower-mantle conditions
    • Katsura, T., K. Sato, and E. Ito (1998), Electrical conductivity of silicate perovskite at lower-mantle conditions, Nature, 395, 493.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 493
    • Katsura, T.1    Sato, K.2    Ito, E.3
  • 32
    • 69149090450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global electromagnetic induction constraints on transition-zone water content variations
    • doi:10.1038/nature08257
    • Kelbert, A., A. Schultz, and G. Egbert (2009), Global electromagnetic induction constraints on transition-zone water content variations, Nature, 460, 1003, doi:10.1038/nature08257.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.460 , pp. 1003
    • Kelbert, A.1    Schultz, A.2    Egbert, G.3
  • 33
    • 33845585445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining the composition and thermal state of the mantle beneath Europe from inversion of long-period electromagnetic sounding data
    • doi:10.1029/2006JB004270
    • Khan, A., J. A. D. Connolly, and N. Olsen (2006), Constraining the composition and thermal state of the mantle beneath Europe from inversion of long-period electromagnetic sounding data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B10102, doi:10.1029/2006JB004270.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Khan, A.1    Connolly, J.A.D.2    Olsen, N.3
  • 34
    • 72049096604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On mantle chemical and thermal heterogeneities and anisotropy as mapped by inversion of global surface wave data
    • doi:10.1029/2009JB006399
    • Khan, A., L. Boschi, and J. A. D. Connolly (2009), On mantle chemical and thermal heterogeneities and anisotropy as mapped by inversion of global surface wave data, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B09305, doi:10.1029/2009JB006399.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Khan, A.1    Boschi, L.2    Connolly, J.A.D.3
  • 36
    • 84952775313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water content in the mantle transition zone beneath the North Pacific derived from the electrical conductivity anomaly
    • edited by S. Jacobsen and S. van der Lee, AGU, Washington D. C.
    • Koyama, T., H. Shimizu, H. Utada, M. Ichiki, E. Ohtani, and R. Hae (2006), Water content in the mantle transition zone beneath the North Pacific derived from the electrical conductivity anomaly, in Earth's Deep Water Cycle, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 168, edited by S. Jacobsen and S. van der Lee, p. 171, AGU, Washington D. C.
    • (2006) Earth's Deep Water Cycle, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.168 , pp. 171
    • Koyama, T.1    Shimizu, H.2    Utada, H.3    Ichiki, M.4    Ohtani, E.5    Hae, R.6
  • 37
    • 50649091114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth's mantle: A global model
    • doi:10.1029/2007JB005169
    • Kustowski, B., G. Ekström, and A. M. Dziewonski (2008), Anisotropic shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth's mantle: A global model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B06306, doi:10.1029/2007JB005169.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Kustowski, B.1    Ekström, G.2    Dziewonski, A.M.3
  • 38
    • 54949119904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-D global induction in the oceans and solid Earth: Recent progress in modeling magnetic and electric fields from sources of magnetospheric, ionospheric and oceanic origin
    • Kuvshinov, A. V. (2008), 3-D global induction in the oceans and solid Earth: Recent progress in modeling magnetic and electric fields from sources of magnetospheric, ionospheric and oceanic origin, Surv. Geophys., 29, 139.
    • (2008) Surv. Geophys. , vol.29 , pp. 139
    • Kuvshinov, A.V.1
  • 39
    • 37349085162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global model of mantle conductivity derived from 5 years of CHAMP, Ørsted, and SAC-C magnetic data
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027083
    • Kuvshinov, A., and N. Olsen (2006), A global model of mantle conductivity derived from 5 years of CHAMP, Ørsted, and SAC-C magnetic data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18301, doi:10.1029/2006GL027083.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Kuvshinov, A.1    Olsen, N.2
  • 40
    • 0012980264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic induction in the oceans and the anomalous behaviour of coastal C-responses for periods up to 20 days
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014409
    • Kuvshinov, A. V., N. Olsen, D. B. Avdeev, and O. V. Pankratov (2002), Electromagnetic induction in the oceans and the anomalous behaviour of coastal C-responses for periods up to 20 days, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), 1595, doi:10.1029/2001GL014409.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 1595
    • Kuvshinov, A.V.1    Olsen, N.2    Avdeev, D.B.3    Pankratov, O.V.4
  • 41
    • 15044340989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-D modeling and analysis of Dst C-responses in the North Pacific Ocean region, revisited
    • Kuvshinov, A., H. Utada, D. Avdeev, and T. Koyama (2005), 3-D modeling and analysis of Dst C-responses in the North Pacific Ocean region, revisited, Geophys. J. Int., 160, 505.
    • (2005) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.160 , pp. 505
    • Kuvshinov, A.1    Utada, H.2    Avdeev, D.3    Koyama, T.4
  • 42
    • 22144431506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: Application to the Intermontane Belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera
    • Ledo, J., and A. G. Jones (2005), Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: Application to the Intermontane Belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 236, 258.
    • (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.236 , pp. 258
    • Ledo, J.1    Jones, A.G.2
  • 43
    • 0029473705 scopus 로고
    • Northeastern Pacific mantle conductivity profile from long-period magnetotelluric sounding using Hawaii to California submarine cable data
    • doi:10.1029/95JB01244
    • Lizzaralde, D., A. Chave, G. Hirth, and A. Schultz (1995), Northeastern Pacific mantle conductivity profile from long-period magnetotelluric sounding using Hawaii to California submarine cable data, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17,837, doi:10.1029/95JB01244.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.17 , pp. 837
    • Lizzaralde, D.1    Chave, A.2    Hirth, G.3    Schultz, A.4
  • 44
    • 67349158315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.06.001
    • Manthilake, M., T. Matsuzaki, T. Yoshino, S. Yamashita, E. Ito, and T. Katsura (2009), Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174, 10, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.06.001.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , pp. 10
    • Manthilake, M.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Yoshino, T.3    Yamashita, S.4    Ito, E.5    Katsura, T.6
  • 45
    • 70450189139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adjoint sensitivity method of em induction for CHAMP magnetic data
    • Martinec, Z., and J. Velimsky (2009), The adjoint sensitivity method of EM induction for CHAMP magnetic data, Geophys. J. Int., 179, 1372.
    • (2009) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.179 , pp. 1372
    • Martinec, Z.1    Velimsky, J.2
  • 47
    • 0000462567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution analysis of general inverse problems through inverse Monte Carlo sampling
    • Mosegaard, K. (1998), Resolution analysis of general inverse problems through inverse Monte Carlo sampling, Inverse Probl., 14, 405.
    • (1998) Inverse Probl. , vol.14 , pp. 405
    • Mosegaard, K.1
  • 48
    • 0029481451 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo sampling of solutions to inverse problems
    • doi:10.1029/94JB03097
    • Mosegaard, K., and A. Tarantola (1995), Monte Carlo sampling of solutions to inverse problems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,431, doi:10.1029/94JB03097.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.12 , pp. 431
    • Mosegaard, K.1    Tarantola, A.2
  • 49
    • 71949114899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating self-consistently calculated mineral physics into thermochemical mantle convection simulations in a 3D spherical shell and its influence on seismic anomalies in Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1029/2008GC002280
    • Nakagawa, T., P. J. Tackley, F. Deschamps, and J. A. D. Connolly (2009), Incorporating self-consistently calculated mineral physics into thermochemical mantle convection simulations in a 3D spherical shell and its influence on seismic anomalies in Earth's mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q03004, doi:10.1029/2008GC002280.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.10
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Tackley, P.J.2    Deschamps, F.3    Connolly, J.A.D.4
  • 50
    • 0034629870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle beneath North America and the Pacific Ocean
    • doi:10.1029/1999JB900447
    • Neal, S. L., R. L. Mackie, J. C. Larsen, and A. Schultz (2000), Variations in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle beneath North America and the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8229, doi:10.1029/ 1999JB900447.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 8229
    • Neal, S.L.1    MacKie, R.L.2    Larsen, J.C.3    Schultz, A.4
  • 52
    • 0032821828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-period (30 days-1 year) electromagnetic sounding and the electrical conductivity of the lower mantle beneath Europe
    • Olsen, N. (1999), Long-period (30 days-1 year) electromagnetic sounding and the electrical conductivity of the lower mantle beneath Europe, Geophys. J. Int., 138, 179.
    • (1999) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.138 , pp. 179
    • Olsen, N.1
  • 53
    • 33749369859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional radially anisotropic model of shear velocity in the whole mantle
    • Panning, M., and B. Romanowicz (2006), A three-dimensional radially anisotropic model of shear velocity in the whole mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 167, 361.
    • (2006) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.167 , pp. 361
    • Panning, M.1    Romanowicz, B.2
  • 54
    • 0019656930 scopus 로고
    • Numerical methods for establishing solutions to the inverse problem of electromagnetic induction
    • doi:10.1029/JB086iB10p09574
    • Parker, R. L., and K. Whaler (1981), Numerical methods for establishing solutions to the inverse problem of electromagnetic induction, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9574, doi:10.1029/JB086iB10p09574.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 9574
    • Parker, R.L.1    Whaler, K.2
  • 56
    • 57749120285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the transition zone temperature in a mechanically mixed upper mantle
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.024
    • Ritsema, J, W. Xu, L. Stixrude, and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni (2009), Estimates of the transition zone temperature in a mechanically mixed upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 277, 244, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.024.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.277 , pp. 244
    • Ritsema, J.1    Xu, W.2    Stixrude, L.3    Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.4
  • 57
    • 0026304562 scopus 로고
    • Frequency dependent electrical properties of polycrystalline olivine compacts
    • doi:10.1029/91JB01574
    • Roberts, J. J., and J. A. Tyburczy (1991), Frequency dependent electrical properties of polycrystalline olivine compacts, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16,205, doi:10.1029/91JB01574.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.16 , pp. 205
    • Roberts, J.J.1    Tyburczy, J.A.2
  • 58
    • 0033541397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial-melt conductivity: Influence of melt composition
    • doi:10.1029/1998JB900111
    • Roberts, J. J., and J. A. Tyburczy (1999), Partial-melt conductivity: Influence of melt composition, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7055, doi:10.1029/ 1998JB900111.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 7055
    • Roberts, J.J.1    Tyburczy, J.A.2
  • 59
    • 33748551998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivities of pyrope-almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700°C
    • Romano, C., B. Poe, N. Kreidie, and C. McCammon (2008), Electrical conductivities of pyrope-almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700°C, Am. Mineral., 91, 1371.
    • (2008) Am. Mineral. , vol.91 , pp. 1371
    • Romano, C.1    Poe, B.2    Kreidie, N.3    McCammon, C.4
  • 60
    • 0000117553 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies of geomagnetic variations in the southwestern United States
    • Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley
    • Schmucker, U. (1970), Anomalies of Geomagnetic Variations in the Southwestern United States, Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Ser., pp. 127-132, Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
    • (1970) Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Ser. , pp. 127-132
    • Schmucker, U.1
  • 61
    • 20544433469 scopus 로고
    • Electrical properties of the Earth's interior
    • Springer, Berlin
    • Schmucker, U. (1985a), Electrical properties of the Earth's interior, in Landolt-Börnstein, New-Series, 5/2b, p. 370, Springer, Berlin.
    • (1985) Landolt-Börnstein, New-Series , vol.5 , Issue.2 B , pp. 370
    • Schmucker, U.1
  • 62
    • 3743087012 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic and electric fields due to electromagnetic induction by external sources
    • Springer, Berlin
    • Schmucker, U. (1985b), Magnetic and electric fields due to electromagnetic induction by external sources, in Landolt-Börnstein, New-Series, 5/2b, p. 100, Springer, Berlin.
    • (1985) Landolt-Börnstein, New-Series , vol.5 , Issue.2 B , pp. 100
    • Schmucker, U.1
  • 63
    • 0032897680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spherical harmonic analysis of solar daily variations in the years 1964-1965: Response estimates and source fields for global induction. II. Results
    • Schmucker, U. (1999), A spherical harmonic analysis of solar daily variations in the years 1964-1965: response estimates and source fields for global induction. II. Results, Geophys. J. Int., 136, 455.
    • (1999) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.136 , pp. 455
    • Schmucker, U.1
  • 64
    • 0025625631 scopus 로고
    • On the vertical gradient and lateral heterogeneity in mid-mantle electrical conductivity
    • Schultz, A. (1990), On the vertical gradient and lateral heterogeneity in mid-mantle electrical conductivity, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 64, 68.
    • (1990) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.64 , pp. 68
    • Schultz, A.1
  • 65
    • 0023486594 scopus 로고
    • On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: I. Calculation of equivalent scalar magnetotelluric response functions
    • Schultz, A., and J. C. Larsen (1987), On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: I. Calculation of equivalent scalar magnetotelluric response functions, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 88, 733.
    • (1987) Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , vol.88 , pp. 733
    • Schultz, A.1    Larsen, J.C.2
  • 66
    • 0025209517 scopus 로고
    • On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle II: Delineation of heterogeneity by application of extremal inverse solutions
    • Schultz, A., and J. C. Larsen (1990), On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle II: Delineation of heterogeneity by application of extremal inverse solutions, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 565.
    • (1990) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.101 , pp. 565
    • Schultz, A.1    Larsen, J.C.2
  • 67
    • 0027834475 scopus 로고
    • Conductivity discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath a stable craton
    • doi:10.1029/93GL02833
    • Schultz, A., R. D. Kurtz, A. D. Chave, and A. G. Jones (1993), Conductivity discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath a stable craton, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2941, doi:10.1029/93GL02833.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 2941
    • Schultz, A.1    Kurtz, R.D.2    Chave, A.D.3    Jones, A.G.4
  • 68
    • 0025623435 scopus 로고
    • Standard electrical conductivity of isotropic, homogeneous olivine in the temperature range 1200-1500°C
    • Shankland, T. J., and A. Duba (1990), Standard electrical conductivity of isotropic, homogeneous olivine in the temperature range 1200-1500°C, Geophys. J. Int., 103, 25.
    • (1990) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.103 , pp. 25
    • Shankland, T.J.1    Duba, A.2
  • 69
    • 0000416496 scopus 로고
    • Partial melting and electrical conductivities in the upper mantle
    • doi:10.1029/JB082i033p05409
    • Shankland, T. J., and H. S. Waff (1977), Partial melting and electrical conductivities in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5409, doi:10.1029/JB082i033p05409.
    • (1977) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 5409
    • Shankland, T.J.1    Waff, H.S.2
  • 70
    • 0027906727 scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle
    • Shankland, T. J., J. Peyronneau, and J. P. Poirier (1993), Electrical conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle, Nature, 366, 453.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 453
    • Shankland, T.J.1    Peyronneau, J.2    Poirier, J.P.3
  • 71
    • 67650146316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional geomagnetic response functions for global and semi-global scale induction problems
    • Shimizu, H., T. Koyama, K. Baba, and H. Utada (2009), Three-dimensional geomagnetic response functions for global and semi-global scale induction problems, Geophys. J. Int., 178, 123.
    • (2009) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.178 , pp. 123
    • Shimizu, H.1    Koyama, T.2    Baba, K.3    Utada, H.4
  • 72
    • 78649449978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional imaging of electrical conductivity in the mantle transition zone beneath the North Pacific Ocean by a semi-global induction study
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.01.010, in press
    • Shimizu, H., H. Utada, K. Baba, T. Koyama, M. Obayashi, and Y. Fukao (2010), Three-dimensional imaging of electrical conductivity in the mantle transition zone beneath the North Pacific Ocean by a semi-global induction study, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.01.010, in press.
    • (2010) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
    • Shimizu, H.1    Utada, H.2    Baba, K.3    Koyama, T.4    Obayashi, M.5    Fukao, Y.6
  • 73
    • 84981754440 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the magnetotelluric method for a spherical conductor
    • Srivastava, S. P. (1966), Theory of the magnetotelluric method for a spherical conductor, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 11, 373.
    • (1966) Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , vol.11 , pp. 373
    • Srivastava, S.P.1
  • 74
    • 0034896469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical and thermal conductivities of Fe-Ni-Si alloy under core conditions
    • Stacey, F. D., and O. L. Anderson (2001), Electrical and thermal conductivities of Fe-Ni-Si alloy under core conditions, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 124, 153.
    • (2001) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.124 , pp. 153
    • Stacey, F.D.1    Anderson, O.L.2
  • 76
    • 0019910307 scopus 로고
    • Inverse problems = Quest for information
    • Tarantola, A., and B. Valette (1982), Inverse problems = Quest for information, J. Geophys., 50, 159.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. , vol.50 , pp. 159
    • Tarantola, A.1    Valette, B.2
  • 77
    • 18544397057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in the mantle: Results from electrical conductivity beneath French Alps
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL019277
    • Tarits, P., S. Hautot, and F. Perrier (2004), Water in the mantle: Results from electrical conductivity beneath French Alps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06612, doi:10.1029/2003GL019277.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Tarits, P.1    Hautot, S.2    Perrier, F.3
  • 78
    • 34250885762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic detection of a 410-km-deep melt layer in the southwestern United States
    • doi:10.1038/nature05922
    • Toffelmier, D. A., and J. A. Tyburczy (2007), Electromagnetic detection of a 410-km-deep melt layer in the southwestern United States, Nature, 447, 991, doi:10.1038/nature05922.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 991
    • Toffelmier, D.A.1    Tyburczy, J.A.2
  • 79
    • 7444248513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle
    • Trampert, J., F. Deschamps, J. Resovsky, and D. Yuen (2004), Chemical heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle, Science, 306, 853.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 853
    • Trampert, J.1    Deschamps, F.2    Resovsky, J.3    Yuen, D.4
  • 80
    • 84957851917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a quantitative interpretation of global seismic tomography, in Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition and Evolution
    • edited by R. D. van der Hilst et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Trampert, J., and R. D. van der Hilst (2005), Towards a quantitative interpretation of global seismic tomography, in Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition and Evolution, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 160, edited by R. D. van der Hilst et al., p. 47, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2005) Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.160 , pp. 47
    • Trampert, J.1    Van Der Hilst, R.D.2
  • 82
    • 0020666469 scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of molten basalt and andesite to 25 kilobars pressure: Geophysical significance and implications for charge transport and melt structure
    • doi:10.1029/JB088iB03p02413
    • Tyburczy, J. A., and H. S. Waff (1983), Electrical conductivity of molten basalt and andesite to 25 kilobars pressure: Geophysical significance and implications for charge transport and melt structure, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2413, doi:10.1029/JB088iB03p02413.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 2413
    • Tyburczy, J.A.1    Waff, H.S.2
  • 83
    • 0038504720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semi-global reference model for electrical conductivity in the mid-mantle beneath the North Pacific region
    • doi:10.1029/2002GL016092
    • Utada, H., T. Koyama, H. Shimizu, and A. D. Chave (2003), A semi-global reference model for electrical conductivity in the mid-mantle beneath the North Pacific region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(4), 1194, doi:10.1029/2002GL016092.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 1194
    • Utada, H.1    Koyama, T.2    Shimizu, H.3    Chave, A.D.4
  • 84
    • 64549091420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A joint interpretation of electromagnetic and seismic tomography models suggests the mantle transition zone below Europe is dry
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.027
    • Utada, H., T. Koyama, M. Obayashi, and Y. Fukao (2009), A joint interpretation of electromagnetic and seismic tomography models suggests the mantle transition zone below Europe is dry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 281, 249, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.027.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.281 , pp. 249
    • Utada, H.1    Koyama, T.2    Obayashi, M.3    Fukao, Y.4
  • 85
    • 77953293089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity in the lower mantle: Constraints from CHAMP satellite data by time-domain em induction modeling
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.02.007
    • Velímský, J. (2010), Electrical conductivity in the lower mantle: Constraints from CHAMP satellite data by time-domain EM induction modelling, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 180, 111, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.02.007.
    • (2010) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.180 , pp. 111
    • Velímský, J.1
  • 86
    • 0000842512 scopus 로고
    • The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction
    • Weidelt, P. (1972), The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction, Z. Geophys., 38, 257.
    • (1972) Z. Geophys. , vol.38 , pp. 257
    • Weidelt, P.1
  • 87
    • 0028862657 scopus 로고
    • 2O on the 410-kilometer seismic discontinuity
    • 2O on the 410-kilometer seismic discontinuity, Science, 268, 71.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 71
    • Wood, B.J.1
  • 88
    • 3543124705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle
    • Xie, S., and P. J. Tackley (2004), Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 146, 417.
    • (2004) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.146 , pp. 417
    • Xie, S.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 89
    • 0033386834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and its high pressure phases
    • Xu, Y., and T. J. Shankland (1999), Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and its high pressure phases, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2645.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 2645
    • Xu, Y.1    Shankland, T.J.2
  • 90
    • 0032582485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of alumina on the electrical conductivity of silicate perovskite
    • Xu, Y., C. McCammon, and B. T. Poe (1998), The effect of alumina on the electrical conductivity of silicate perovskite, Science, 282, 922.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 922
    • Xu, Y.1    McCammon, C.2    Poe, B.T.3
  • 91
    • 0034471339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory-based electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle
    • doi:10.1029/2000JB900299
    • Xu, Y., T. Shankland, and B. Poe (2000a), Laboratory-based electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,865, doi:10.1029/2000JB900299.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.27 , pp. 865
    • Xu, Y.1    Shankland, T.2    Poe, B.3
  • 92
    • 0034012941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure effect on electrical conductivity of mantle olivine
    • Xu, Y., T. J. Shankland, and A. G. Duba (2000b), Pressure effect on electrical conductivity of mantle olivine, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 118, 149.
    • (2000) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.118 , pp. 149
    • Xu, Y.1    Shankland, T.J.2    Duba, A.G.3
  • 93
    • 67349219405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of iron content on electrical conductivity of ringwoodite, with implications for electrical structure in the transition zone
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.09.015
    • Yoshino, T., and T. Katsura (2009a), Effect of iron content on electrical conductivity of ringwoodite, with implications for electrical structure in the transition zone, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174, 3, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.09. 015.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.174 , pp. 3
    • Yoshino, T.1    Katsura, T.2
  • 94
    • 67349242405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content
    • Reply to Comments on, by Manthilake et al., doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.01. 012
    • Yoshino, T., and T. Katsura (2009b), Reply to Comments on "Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content" by Manthilake et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.01.012.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
    • Yoshino, T.1    Katsura, T.2
  • 95
    • 33750448332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere
    • doi:10.1038/nature05223
    • Yoshino, T., T. Matsuzaki, S. Yamashita, and T. Katsura (2006), Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere, Nature, 443, 973, doi:10.1038/nature05223.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 973
    • Yoshino, T.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Yamashita, S.3    Katsura, T.4
  • 96
    • 38349120999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite
    • doi:10.1038/nature06427
    • Yoshino, T., G. Manthilake, T. Matsuzaki, and T. Katsura (2008a), Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, Nature, 451, 326, doi:10.1038/nature06427.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 326
    • Yoshino, T.1    Manthilake, G.2    Matsuzaki, T.3    Katsura, T.4
  • 97
    • 54049087732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of majorite garnet and its implications for electrical structure in the mantle transition zone
    • doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.04.009
    • Yoshino, T., M. Nishi, T. Matsuzaki, D. Yamazaki, and T. Katsura (2008b), Electrical conductivity of majorite garnet and its implications for electrical structure in the mantle transition zone, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 170, 193, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.04.009.
    • (2008) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.170 , pp. 193
    • Yoshino, T.1    Nishi, M.2    Matsuzaki, T.3    Yamazaki, D.4    Katsura, T.5
  • 98
    • 70350755475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.032
    • Yoshino, T., T. Matsuzaki, A. Shatskiy, and T. Katsura (2009), The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 288, 291, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.032.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.288 , pp. 291
    • Yoshino, T.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Shatskiy, A.3    Katsura, T.4
  • 99
    • 77953706304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of basaltic and carbonatite melt-bearing peridotites at high pressures: Implications for melt distribution and melt fraction in the upper mantle
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.050
    • Yoshino, T., M. Laumonier, E. McIsaac, and T. Katsura (2010), Electrical conductivity of basaltic and carbonatite melt-bearing peridotites at high pressures: Implications for melt distribution and melt fraction in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 295, 593, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.050.
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.295 , pp. 593
    • Yoshino, T.1    Laumonier, M.2    McIsaac, E.3    Katsura, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.