Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in the lower crust

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

Volumn 163, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 33-48

  Yang, Xiaozhi ^a   Keppler, Hans ^a   McCammon, Catherine ^a   Ni, Huaiwei ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÄT BAYREUTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Electrical conductivity; Lower continental crust; Orthopyroxene; Plagioclase; Water

Indexed keywords

CLINOPYROXENE; CONTINENTAL CRUST; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODE; ENTHALPY; GRANULITE; LOW TEMPERATURE; LOWER CRUST; ORTHOPYROXENE; PLAGIOCLASE; WATER CONTENT; XENOLITH;

EID: 84855300897     PISSN: 00107999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00410-011-0657-9     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alfonso P, Melgarejo C (2003) Geochemistry of feldspars and muscovite in granitic pegmatite from the Cap de Creus feild, Catalonia, Spain. Can Mineral 41: 103-116.
2. Al-Mishwat AT, Nasir SJ (2004) Composition of the lower crust of the Arabian Plate: a xenolith perspective. Lithos 72: 45-72.
3. Bagdassarov NS, Maumus J, Poe BT, Slutskiy AB, Bulatov VK (2004) Pressure dependence of Tg in silicate glasses from electrical impedance measurements. Phys Chem Glasses 45: 197-214.
4. Bailey RC, Craven JA, Macnae JC, Polzer BD (1989) Imaging of deep fluids in Archaean crust. Nature 340: 136-138.
5. Behrens H (1992) Na and Ca tracer diffusion in plagioclase glasses and supercooled melts. Chem Geol 96: 267-275.
6. Bell DR, Ihinger PD, Rossman GR (1995) Quantitative analysis of trace OH in garnet and pyroxenes. Am Mineral 80: 465-474.
7. Bohlen SR, Mezger K (1989) Origin of granulite terranes and the formation of the lowermost continental crust. Science 244: 326-329.
8. Chen C-Y, Frey FA, Song Y (1989) Evolution of the upper mantle beneath southeast Australia: geochemical evidence from peridotite xenoliths in Mount Leura basanite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 93: 195-209.
9. Chen S, O'Reilly SY, Zhou X, Griffin WL, Zhang G, Sun M, Feng J, Zhang M (2001) Thermal and petrological structure of the lithosphere beneath Hannuoba, Sino-Korean Craton, China: evidence from xenoliths. Lithos 56: 267-301.
10. Christensen NI, Mooney WD (1995) Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust-a global view. J Geophys Res 100: 9761-9788.
11. Dai L, Karato SI (2009a) Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene: implications for the water content of the asthenosphere. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B 85: 466-475.
12. Dai L, Karato SI (2009b) Electrical conductivity of pyrope-rich garnet at high temperature and high pressure. Phys Earth Planet Inter 176: 83-88.
13. Dai L, Karato SI (2009c) Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite at high temperatures and high pressures. Earth Planet Sci Lett 287: 277-283.
14. Dai B-Z, Jiang S-Y, Jiang Y-H, Zhao K-D, Liu D-Y (2008) Geochronology, geochemistry and Hf-Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of Huziyan mafic xenoliths, southern Hunan Province, South China: petrogenesis and implications for lower crust evolution. Lithos 102: 65-87.
15. Dessai AG, Markwick A, Vaselli O, Downes H (2004) Granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Deccan Trap: insight into the nature and composition of the lower lithosphere beneath cratonic India. Lithos 78: 263-290.
16. Dobosi G, Kempton PD, Downes H, Embey-Isztin A, Thirlwall M, Greenwood P (2003) Lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the Pannonian Basin, Hungary, Part 2: Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf and O isotope evidence for formation of continental lower crust by tectonic emplacement of oceanic crust. Contrib Mineral Petrol 144: 671-683.
17. Duba AG, Heikamp S, Meurer W, Nover H, Will G (1994) Evidence from borehole samples for the role of accessory minerals in lower-crustal conductivity. Nature 367: 59-61.
18. Fodor RV, Sial AN, Gandhok G (2002) Petrology of spinel peridotite xenoliths from northeastern Brazil: lithosphere with a high geochemal gradient imparted by Fernando de Noronha plume. J S Am Earth Sci 15: 199-214.
19. Frost BR, Fyfe WS, Tazaki K, Chan T (1989) Grain-boundary graphite in rocks and implications for high electrical conductivity in the lower crust. Nature 340: 134-136.
20. Glover PWJ (1996) Graphite and electrical conductivity in the lower continental crust: a review. Phys Chem Earth 21: 279-287.
21. Glover PWJ, Vine FJ (1992) Electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing granulite at raised temperatures and pressures. Nature 360: 723-726.
22. Gough DI (1986) Seismic reflectors, conductivity, water and stress in the continental crust. Nature 323: 143-144.
23. Haak V, Hutton VRS (1986), Electrical conductivity in the continental lower crust. In: Dawson JB, Hall J, Wedepohl KH (eds) The nature of the lower continental crust. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 24, pp 35-49.
24. Hacker BR, Gnos E, Ratschbacher L, Grove M, McWilliams M, Sobolev SV, Jiang W, Wu Z (2000) Hot and dry deep crustal xenoliths from Tibet. Science 287: 2463-2466.
25. Hashin Z, Shtrikman S (1962) A variational approach to the theory of the effective magnetic permeability of multiphase materials. J Appl Phys 33: 3125-3131.
26. Hermance JF (1979) The electrical conductivity of materials containing partial melt. Geophys Res Lett 6: 613-616.
27. Hinze E, Will G, Cemic L (1981) Electrical conductivity measurements on synthetic olivines and on olivine, enstatite and diopside from Dreiser Weiher, Eifel (Germany) under defined thermodynamic activities as a function of temperature and pressure. Phys Earth Planet Inter 25: 245-254.
28. Holtta P, Huhma H, Manttari I, Peltonen P, Juhanoja J (2000) Petrology and geochemistry of mafic granulite xenoliths from the Lahtojoki kimberlite pipe, eastern Finland. Lithos 51: 109-133.
29. Huang X-L, Xu Y-G, Liu D-Y (2004) Geochronology, petrology and geochemistry of the granulite xenoliths from Nushan, east China: implication for a heterogeneous lower crust beneath the Sino-Korean Craton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68: 127-149.
30. Huang X, Xu Y, Karato S (2005) Water content in the transition zone from electrical conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Nature 434: 746-749.
31. Huebner JS, Dillenburg RG (1995) Impedance spectra of hot, dry silicate minerals and rock: qualitative interpretation of spectra. Am Mineral 80: 46-64.
32. Huebner JS, Voigt DE (1988) Electrical conductivity of diopside: evidence for oxygen vacancies. Am Mineral 73: 1235-1254.
33. Hyndman RD, Vanyan LL, Marquis G, Law LK (1993) The origin of electrically conductive lower continental crust: saline water or graphite? Phys Earth Planet Inter 81: 325-344.
34. Ingrin J, Blanchard M (2006) Diffusion of hydrogen in minerals. In: Keppler H, Smyth JR (eds) Water in nominally anhydrous minerals. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D C, pp 291-320.
35. Ionov DA, Prikhod'ko VS, O'Reilly SY (1995) Peridotite xenoliths in alkali basalts from the Sikhote-Alin, southeastern Siberia, Russia: trace-element signatures of mantle beneath a convergent continental margin. Chem Geol 120: 275-294.
36. Johnson EA (2006) Water in nominally anhydrous crustal minerals: speciation, concentration, and geologic significance. In: Keppler H, Smyth JR (eds) Water in nominally anhydrous minerals. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC, pp 117-154.
37. 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy. Am Mineral 88: 901-911.
38. Jones AG (1992) Electrical properties of the lower continental crust. In: Fountain DM, Arculus RJ, Kay RW (eds) Continental lower crust. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 81-143.
39. Karato S (1990) The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle. Nature 437: 272-273.
40. Karato SI (2006) Remote sensing of hydrogen in earth's mantle. In: Keppler H, Smyth JR (eds) Water in nominally anhydrous minerals. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC, pp 343-375.
41. Kasper RB (1975) Cation and oxygen diffusion in albite. Providence, Rhode Island, Brown University. Ph. D. p 156.
42. Khitarov N, Slutskii B (1965) The effect of pressure on the melting temperatures of albite and basalt (based on electronconductivity measurements). Geochem Int 2: 1034-1041.
43. Kohlstedt DL (2006) The role of water in high-temperature rock deformation. In: Keppler H, Smyth JR (eds) Water in nominally anhydrous minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D C, pp 377-396.
44. Kovács I, Hermann J, O'Neil HSC, Gerald JF, Sambridge M, Horvath G (2008) Quantitative absorbance spectroscopy with unpolarized light: Part II. Experimental evaluation and development of a protocal for quantitative analysis of mineral IR spectra. Am Mineral 93: 765-778.
45. Leibecker J, Gatzemeier A, Honig M, Kuras O, Soyer W (2002) Evidence of electrical anisotropic structures in the lower crust and the upper mantle beneath the Rhenish Shield. Earth Planet Sci Lett 202: 289-302.
46. Lucassen F, Lewerenz S, Franz G, Viramonte J, Mezger K (1999) Metamorphism, isotopic ages and composition of lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the Cretaceous Salta Rift, Argentina. Contrib Mineral Petrol 134: 325-341.
47. Markwick AJW, Downes H (2000) Lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the Arkhangelsk kimberlite pipes: petrological, geochemical and geophysical results. Lithos 51: 135-151.
48. Maumus J, Bagdassarov N, Schmeling H (2005) Electrical conductivity and partial melting of mafic rocks under pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69: 4703-4718.
49. McCammon C (2004) Mössbauer spectroscopy: applications. In: Beran A, Libowitsky E (eds) Spectroscopic methods in mineralogy. Eötvös University Press, Budapest, pp 369-398.
50. McCammon C (2005) The paradox of mantle redox. Science 308: 807-808.
51. Menzies MA, Fan W, Zhang M (1993) Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and loss of & 120 km of Archean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craon, China. In: Prichard HM, Alabaster T, Harris NBW (eds) Magmatic processes and plate tectonics. Geol Soc Spec Pub, pp 71-81.
52. Paterson MS (1982) The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials. Bull Minéral 105: 20-29.
53. Roberts JJ, Tyburczy JA (1991) Frequency dependent electrical properties of polycrystalline livine compacts. J Geophys Res 96: 16205-16222.
54. Romano C, Poe BT, Kreidie N, McCammon C (2006) Electrical conductivities of pyrope-almandine garnets up to 19 GPa and 1700°C. Am Mineral 91: 1371-1377.
55. Romano C, Poe BT, Tyburczy JA, Nestola F (2009) Electrical conductivity of hydrous wadsleyite. Eur J Mineral 21: 615-622.
56. Rudnick RL, Fountain DM (1995) Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Rev Geophys 33: 267-309.
57. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick RL (ed) Treatise on geochemistry: the crust. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1-64.
58. Rudnick RL, Taylor SR (1987) The composition and petrogenesis of the lower crust: a xenolith study. J Geophys Res 92: 13981-14005.
59. Rudnick RL, Gao S, Ling WL, Liu YS, McDonough WF (2004) Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton. Lithos 77: 609-637.
60. Sambridge M, Gerald JF, Kovács I, O'Neil HSC, Hermann J (2008) Quantitative absorbance spectroscopy with unpolarized light: Part I. Physical and mathematical development. Am Mineral 93: 751-764.
61. Schmidberger SS, Francis D (1999) Nature of the mantle roots beneath the North American craton: mantle xenolith evidence from Somerset Island kimberlites. Lithos 48: 195-216.
62. 3 at high pressures and temperatures under defined thermodynamic conditions. In: Schreyer W (ed) High-pressure researches in geoscience. Schweizerbart'sche, Stuttgart, pp 419-432.
63. Shankland TJ, Ander ME (1983) Electrical conductivity, temperatures and fluids in the lower crust. J Geophys Res 88: 527-538.
64. Sonett CP, Colburn DS, Dyal P, Parkin CJ, Smith BF, Schubert G, Schwartz K (1971) Lunar electrical conductivity profile. Nature 230: 359-362.
65. Stesky RS, Brace WF (1973) Eletrical conductivity of serpentinised rocks to 6 kbars. J Geophys Res 98: 4301-4310.
66. Unsworth MJ, Jones AG, Wei W, Marquis G, Gokarn SG, Spratt JE, The INDEPTH-MT team (2005) Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from magnetotelluric data. Nature 438: 78-81.
67. Viljoen F, Dobbe R, Smit B (2009) Geochemical processes in peridotite xenoliths from the Premier diamond mine, South Africa: evidence for the depletion and refertilisation of subcratonic lithosphere. Lithos 112S: 1133-1142.
68. Wang X, Wang T, Haapala I, Lu X (2002) The Shahewan rapakivi-textured granite-quartz monzonite pluton, Qinling orogen, central China: mineral composition and petrogenetic significance. Bull Geol Soc Finland 74: 133-146.
69. Wang D, Mookherjee M, Xu Y, Karato SI (2006) The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine. Nature 443: 977-980.
70. Watson HC, Roberts JJ, Tyburczy JA (2010) Effect of conductive impurities on electrical conductivity in polycrystalline olivine. Geophys Res Lett 37: L02302. doi: 02310. 01029/02009GL041566.
71. Wei W, Unsworth MJ, Jones AG, Booker J, Tan H, Nelson D, Chen L, Li S, Solon K, Bedrosian P, Jin S, Deng M, Ledo JJ, Kay D, Roberts B (2001) Detection of widespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies. Science 292: 716-718.
72. Wei W, Ye G, Jin S, Deng M, Jin J (2008). Geoelectric structure of lithosphere beneath eastern North China: features of a thinned lithosphere from magnetotelluric soundings. The 19th international workshop on electromagnetic induction in the earth. Beijing, China.
73. Wieczorek MA, Jolliff BL, Khan A, Pritchard ME, Weiss BP, Shearer CK, McCallum IS, Tompkins S, Hawke BR, Peterson C, Gillis JJ, Bussey B (2006) The composition and structure of the Lunar interior. Rev Mineral Geochem 60: 221-364.
74. Xia Q-K, Yang X-Z, Deloule E, Sheng Y-M, Hao Y-T (2006) Water in the lower crustal granulite xenoliths from Nushan, eastern China. J Geophys Res 111. doi: 10. 1029/2006JB004296.
75. Xu Y, Poe BT, Shankland TJ, Rubie DC (1998) Electrical conductivity of olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite under upper-mantle conditions. Science 280: 1415-1418.
76. Xu Y, Shankland TJ, Duba AG (2000) Pressure effect on electrical conductivity of mantle olivine. Phys Earth Planet Inter 118: 149-161.
77. 3+-rich augite and high electrical conductivity in the deep lithosphere. Geology (In preparation).
78. Yang X-Z, Deloule E, Xia Q-K, Fan Q-C, Feng M (2008a) Water contrast between Precambrian and Phanerozoic continental lower crust in Eastern China. J Geophys Res 113: B08207. doi: 08210. 01029/02007JB005541.
79. Yang X-Z, Xia Q-K, Deloule E, Dallai L, Fan Q-C, Feng M (2008b) Water in minerals of continental lithospheric mantle and overlying lower crust: a comparative study of peridotite and granulite xenoliths from the North China Craton. Chem Geol 256: 33-45.
80. Yang X, Keppler H, McCammon C, Ni H, Xia Q, Fan Q (2011) The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene. J Geophys Res 116: B04208. doi: 10. 1029/2010JB008010.
81. Yardley BWD, Valley JW (1997) The petrologic case for a dry lower crust. J Geophys Res 102: 12723-12785.
82. Yoshino T, Katsura T (2009) Effect of iron content on electrical conductivity of ringwoodite, with implications for electrical structure in the transition zone. Phys Earth Planet Inter 174: 3-9.
83. Yoshino T, Matsuzaki T, Yamashita S, Katsura T (2006) Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere. Nature 443: 973-976.
84. Yoshino T, Manthilake G, Matsuzaki T, Katsura T (2008) Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Nature 451: 326-329.
85. Yoshino T, Matsuzaki T, Shatskiy A, Katsura T (2009) The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 288: 291-300.
86. Yund RA (1983) Diffusion in feldspars. In: Ribbe PH (ed) Feldspar mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 203-222.
87. Zhou X, Sun M, Zhang G, Chen S (2002) Continental crust and lithospheric mantle interaction beneath North China: isotopic evidence from granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba, Sino-Korean craton. Lithos 62: 111-124.