Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision

Social Science Research

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 949-964

  Foschi, Martha ^a   Valenzuela, Jerilee ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Double standards; Experimental research; Gender; Performance expectations; Social identity; Social status

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862203708     PISSN: 0049089X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.02.001     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Abel M.H., Meltzer A.L. Student ratings of a male and female professor's lecture on sex discrimination in the work force. Sex Roles 2007, 57:173-180.
2. Balkwell J.W., Berger J. Gender, status, and behavior in task situations. Social Psychology Quarterly 1996, 59:273-283.
3. Berger J., Webster M. Expectations, status, and behavior. Contemporary Social Psychological Theories 2006, 268-300. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. P.J. Burke (Ed.).
4. Biernat M. Standards and Expectancies: Contrast and Assimilation in Judgments of Self and Others 2005, Taylor and Francis, New York, NY.
5. Diversity at Work 2008, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. A.P. Brief (Ed.).
6. Burke P.J., Stets J.E. Identity Theory 2009, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
7. Removing Barriers: Women in Academic Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics 2006, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN. J.M. Bystydzienski, S.R. Bird (Eds.).
8. Carli L.L. Gender, status, and influence. Advances in Group Processes 1991, 8:89-113.
9. Correll S.J. Constraints into preferences: gender, status, and emerging career aspirations. American Sociological Review 2004, 69:93-113.
10. Correll S.J., Benard S., Paik I. Getting a job: is there a motherhood penalty?. American Journal of Sociology 2007, 112:1297-1338.
11. Crosby F.J., Iyer A., Sincharoen S. Understanding affirmative action. Annual Review of Psychology 2006, 57:585-611.
12. De Pater I.E., Van Vianen A.E.M., Humphrey R.H., Sleeth R.G., Hartman N.S., Fischer A.H. Individual task choice and the division of challenging tasks between men and women. Group and Organization Management 2009, 34:563-589.
13. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L. Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989 and 1999. Psychology Science 2000, 11:315-319.
14. Eagly A.H., Karau S.J. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review 2002, 109:573-598.
15. Elkins T.J., Phillips J.S., Konopaske R., Townsend J. Evaluating gender discrimination claims: is there a gender similarity bias?. Sex Roles 2001, 44:1-15.
16. Etzkowitz H., Kemelgor C., Uzzi B. Athena Unbound: The Advancement of Women in Science and Technology 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
17. Facteau J.D., Dobbins G.H. Sex bias in performance evaluations. Women and Work: A Handbook 1996, 334-338. Garland Publishing, New York, NY. P.J. Dubeck, K. Borman (Eds.).
18. Foddy M., Smithson M. Can gender inequalities be eliminated?. Social Psychology Quarterly 1999, 62:307-324.
19. Foschi M. Gender, performance level, and competence standards in task groups. Social Science Research 2009, 38:447-457.
20. Foschi M. Double standards for competence. theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology 2000, 26:41-42.
21. Foschi M. On scope conditions. Small Group Research 1997, 28:535-555.
22. Foschi M. Double standards in the evaluation of men and women. Social Psychology Quarterly 1996, 59:237-254.
23. Foschi M., Valenzuela J. Selecting job applicants: effects from gender, self-presentation, and decision type. Social Science Research 2008, 37:1022-1038.
24. Foschi M., Lapointe V. On conditional hypotheses and gender as a status characteristic. Social Psychology Quarterly 2002, 65:146-162.
25. Foschi M., Lai L., Sigerson K. Gender and double standards in the assessment of job applicants. Social Psychology Quarterly 1994, 57:326-339.
26. Foschi M., Sigerson K., Lembesis M. Assessing job applicants: the relative effects of gender, academic record, and decision type. Small Group Research 1995, 26:328-352.
27. Gerdes E.P., Garber D.M. Sex bias in hiring: effects of job demands and applicant competence. Sex Roles 1983, 9:307-319.
28. Gorman E.H. Work uncertainty and the promotion of professional women: the case of law firm partnership. Social Forces 2006, 85:865-890.
29. Gorman E.H. Gender stereotypes, same-gender preferences, and organizational variation in the hiring of women: evidence from law firms. American Sociological Review 2005, 70:702-728.
30. Graves L.M. Gender bias in interviewers' evaluations of applicants: when and how does it occur?. Handbook of Gender and Work 1999, 145-164. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. G.N. Powell (Ed.).
31. Graves L.M., Powell G.N. Sex and race discrimination in personnel decisions. The Oxford Handbook of Personnel Psychology 2008, 438-463. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. S. Cartwright, C.L. Cooper (Eds.).
32. Heilman M.E. Description and prescription: how gender stereotypes prevent women's ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues 2001, 57:657-674.
33. Heilman, M.E., Parks-Stamm, E.J., 2007. Gender stereotypes in the workplace. obstacles to women's career progress. In: Correll, S.J. (Ed.), Social Psychology of Gender (Advances in Group Processes, vol. 24). JAI Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 47-77.
34. Heilman M.E., Martell R.F., Simon M.C. The vagaries of sex bias: conditions regulating the undervaluation, equivaluation, and overvaluation of female job applicants. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1988, 41:98-110.
35. Hinds P.J., Carley K.M., Krackhardt D., Wholey D. Choosing work group members: balancing similarity, competence, and familiarity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2000, 81:226-251.
36. Hodgins D.C., Kalin R. Reducing sex bias in judgements of occupational suitability by the provision of sextyped personality information. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 1985, 17:346-358.
37. Hogg M.A., Abrams D. Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes 1988, Routledge, London, UK.
38. Hogg M.A., Ridgeway C.L. Social identity: sociological and social psychological perspectives. Social Psychology Quarterly 2003, 66:97-100.
39. Jackson L.M., Esses V.M., Burris C.T. Contemporary sexism and discrimination: the importance of respect for men and women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2001, 27:48-61.
40. Jasso G., Webster M. Assessing the gender gap in just earnings and its underlying mechanisms. Social Psychology Quarterly 1999, 62:367-380.
41. Jasso G., Webster M. Double standards in just earnings for male and female workers. Social Psychology Quarterly 1997, 60:66-78.
42. Kalkhoff W., Barnum C. The effects of status-organizing and social identity processes on patterns of social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly 2000, 63:95-115.
43. Kalkhoff W., Younts C.W., Troyer L. Facts and artifacts in research: the case of communication medium, gender, and influence. Social Science Research 2007, 37:1008-1021.
44. Leahey E. The role of status in evaluating research: the case of data editing. Social Science Research 2004, 33:521-537.
45. Levin I.P., Rouwenhorst R.M., Trisko H.M. Separating gender biases in screening and selecting candidates for hiring and firing. Social Behavior and Personality 2005, 33:793-804.
46. Lombardi C.M., Hurlbert S.H. Misprescription and misuse of one-tailed tests. Austral Ecology 2009, 34:447-468.
47. Martell R.F. Sex bias at work: the effects of attentional and memory demands on performance ratings of men and women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1991, 21:1939-1960.
48. Maurer T.J., Taylor M.A. Is sex by itself enough? An exploration of gender bias issues in performance appraisal. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1994, 60:231-251.
49. Okamoto D.G., Smith-Lovin L. Gender, status, and the dynamics of topic change in conversation. American Sociological Review 2001, 66:852-873.
50. Oldmeadow J.A., Platow M.J., Foddy M., Anderson D. Self-categorization, status, and social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly 2003, 66:138-152.
51. Olian J.D., Schwab D.P., Haberfeld Y. The impact of applicant gender compared to qualifications on hiring recommendations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1988, 41:180-195.
52. Perry E.L., Bourhis A.C. A closer look at the role of applicant age in selection decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1998, 28:1670-1697.
53. Phelan J.E., Moss-Racusin C.A., Rudman L.A. Competent yet out in the cold: shifting criteria for hiring reflect backlash toward agentic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2008, 32:406-413.
54. Pugh M.D., Wahrman P. Neutralizing sexism in mixed-sex groups: do women have to be better than men?. American Journal of Sociology 1983, 88:746-762.
55. Rashotte L.S., Webster M. Gender status beliefs. Social Science Research 2005, 34:618-633.
56. Rashotte L.S., Smith-Lovin L. Who benefits from being bold: the interactive effects of task cues and status characteristics on influence in mock jury groups. Advances in Group Processes 1997, 14:235-255.
57. Ridgeway C.L. Social status and group structure. Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes 2003, 352-375. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA. M.A. Hogg, R.S. Scott (Eds.).
58. Ridgeway C.L., Backor K., Li Y.E., Tinkler J.E., Erickson K.G. How easily does a social difference become a status distinction? Gender matters. American Sociological Review 2009, 74:44-62.
59. Roth L.M. The social psychology of tokenism: status and homophily processes on Wall Street. Sociological Perspectives 2004, 47:189-214.
60. Sekiguchi T., Huber V.L. The use of person-organization fit and person-job fit in making selection decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2011, 116:203-216.
61. Stage F.K., Hubbard S. Undergraduate institutions that foster women and minority scientists. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 2009, 15:77-91.
62. Steinpreis R.E., Anders K.A., Ritzke D. The impact of gender on the review of curricula vitae of job applicants and tenure candidates: a national empirical study. Sex Roles 1999, 41:509-528.
63. Stewart A., LaVaque-Manty D. Advancing women faculty in science and engineering: an effort in institutional transformation. Gender and Occupational Outcomes: Longitudinal Assessments of Individual, Social, and Cultural Influences 2008, 299-322. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. H.M.G. Watt, J.S. Eccles (Eds.).
64. Thébaud S. Gender and entrepreneurship as a career choice. do self-assessments of ability matter?. Social Psychology Quarterly 2010, 73:288-304.
65. Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (Ed.), 2008. Status and Groups (Vol. 7 of the Series Research Managing Groups and Teams). Emerald Group, Bingley, UK.
66. Top T.J. Sex bias in the evaluation of performance in the scientific, artistic, and literary professions: a review. Sex Roles 1991, 24:73-106.
67. Uhlmann E.L., Cohen G.L. Constructed criteria: redefining merit to justify discrimination. Psychological Science 2005, 16:474-480.
68. Valian V. Why So Slow? 1999, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, The Advancement of Women.
69. Wagner D.G., Berger J. Expectation states theory: an evolving research program. New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory 2002, 41-76. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD. J. Berger, M. Zelditch (Eds.).
70. Wagner D.G., Berger J. Gender and interpersonal task behaviors: status expectation accounts. Sociological Perspectives 1997, 40:1-32.
71. Wagner D.G., Ford R.S., Ford T.W. Can gender inequalities be reduced?. American Sociological Review 1986, 51:47-61.
72. Webster M., Rashotte L.S. Behavior, expectations and status. Social Forces 2010, 88:1021-1050.