Review of climate change impacts on marine fish and shellfish around the UK and Ireland

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 337-367

  Heath, Michael R ^a   Neat, Francis C ^b   Pinnegar, John K ^c   Reid, David G ^d   Sims, David W ^e,f   Wright, Peter J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^b MARINE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^c CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

^d MARINE INSTITUTE   (Ireland)

^e THE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acidification; Biogeography; Climate change; Fish; Invertebrates; Ocean

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; ACIDIFICATION; ADAPTATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; CLIMATE EFFECT; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FISH; FISHING; FOOD WEB; PERCIFORM; PHENOLOGY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SEAWATER; SENSORY SYSTEM; SHELLFISH; WATER CHEMISTRY; ZOOGEOGRAPHY;

IRELAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

AMMODYTES MARINUS; INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 84861980753     PISSN: 10527613     EISSN: 10990755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2244     Document Type: Review

References (227)

1. Aebischer NJ, Coulson JC, Colebrook JM. 1990. Parallel long-term trends across four marine trophic levels and weather. Nature 347: 753-755.
2. Alheit J, Hagen E. 1997. Long-term climate forcing of European herring and sardine populations. Fisheries Oceanography 6: 130-139.
3. Andrews JM, Gurney WSC, Heath MR, Gallego A, O'Brien CM, Darby C, Tyldesley G. 2006. Modelling the spatial demography of cod on the European continental shelf. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63: 1027-1048.
4. Arnott SA, Ruxton GD. 2002. Sandeel recruitment in the North Sea: demographic, climatic and trophic effects. Marine Ecology Progress Series 238: 199-210.
5. Bandoh H, Kida I, Ueda H. 2011. Olfactory responses to natal stream water to sockeye salmon by BOLD fMRI. PLoS One 6: e16051.
6. Baumgartner TR, Soutar A, Ferreira-Bartrina V. 1992. Reconstruction of the history of Pacific sardine and northern anchovy populations over the past two millennia from sediments of the Santa Barbara basin. CALCOFI Reports 33: 24-40.
7. Beare DJ, Burns F, Peach K, Portilla E, Greig A, McKenzie E, Reid DG. 2004a. An increase in the abundance of anchovies and sardines in the north-western North Sea since 1995. Global Change Biology 10: 1209-1213.
8. Beare DJ, Burns F, Peach K, Reid DG. 2004b. Red mullet migration into the northern North Sea during late winter. Journal of Sea Research 53: 205-212.
9. Beare DJ, Burns F, Greig A, Jones EG, Peach K, Kienzle M, McKenzie E, Reid DG. 2004c. Long-term increases in prevalence of North Sea fishes having southern biogeographic affinities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 284: 269-278.
10. Beaugrand G. 2003. Long-term changes in copepod abundance and diversity in the north-east Atlantic in relation to fluctuations in the hydroclimatic environment. Fisheries Oceanography 12: 270-283.
11. Beaugrand G, Reid PC, Ibanñez F, Lindley JA, Edwards M. 2002. Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296: 1692-1694.
12. Beaugrand G, Brander KM, Lindley JA, Souissi S, Reid PC. 2003. Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea. Nature 426: 661-664.
13. Berghahn R, Bullock AM, Karakiri M. 1993. Effects of solar radiation on the population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the shallows of the Wadden Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 42: 329-345.
14. Bigg GR, Cunningham CW, Ottersen G, Pogson GH, Wadley MR, Williamson P. 2008. Ice-age survival of Atlantic cod: agreement between palaeoecology models and genetics. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 275: 163-173.
15. Blanchard F, Vandermeirsch F. 2005. Warming and exponential abundance increase of the subtropical fish Capros aper in the Bay of Biscay (1973-2002). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Biologies 328: 505-509.
16. Blanchard JL, Dulvy NK, Jennings S, Ellis JR, Pinnegar JK, Tidd A, Kell LT. 2005. Do climate and fishing influence size-based indicators of Celtic Sea fish community structure? ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 405-411.
17. Boulcott P, Wright PJ. 2008. Critical timing for reproductive allocation in a capital breeder: evidence from sandeels. Aquatic Biology 3: 31-40.
18. Boulcott P, Wright PJ, Gibb FM, Jensen H, Gibb IM. 2007. Regional variation in maturation of sandeels in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64: 369-376.
19. Brander KM. 1975. The population dynamics and biology of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the Irish Sea. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
20. Brander KM. 1994. Patterns of distribution, spawning, and growth in north Atlantic cod: the utility of inter-regional comparisons. ICES Marine Science Symposia 198: 406-413.
21. Brander KM. 1995. The effect of temperature on growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). ICES Journal of Marine Science 52: 1-10.
22. Brander KM, Blom G, Borges MF, Erzini K, Henderson G, MacKenzie BR, Mendes H, Ribeiro J, Santos AMP, Toresen R. 2003. Changes in fish distribution in the eastern North Atlantic: Are we seeing a coherent response to changing temperature? ICES Marine Science Symposia 219: 261-270.
23. Brander K, Mohn R. 2004. Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation on recruitment of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 1558-1564.
24. Briggs R, Dickey-Collas M, Rooney L. 2008. The abundance of John dory (Zeus faber L.) in the Irish Sea. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Council Meeting 2008/Q.
25. Brix O, Thorkildsen S, Colosimo A. 2004. Temperature acclimation modulates the oxygen binding properties of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) genotypes-HbI*1/1, HbI*1/2, and HbI*2/2-by changing the concentrations of their major hemoglobin components (results from growth studies at different temperatures). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 138: 241-251.
26. Brown BR. 2003. Sensing temperature without ion channels. Nature 421: 495-495.
27. Brown JH, Gillooly JF, Allen AP, Savage VM, West GB. 2004. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85: 1771-1789.
28. Brunel T, Boucher J. 2007. Long-term trends in fish recruitment in the north-east Atlantic related to climate change. Fisheries Oceanography 16: 336-349.
29. Carscadden J, Nakashima BS, Frank KT. 1997. Effects of fish length and temperature on the timing of peak spawning in Capelin (Mallotus Villosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54: 781-787.
30. Chavez FP, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota SE, Niqeun MC. 2003. From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science 299: 217-221.
31. 2 enhances otolith growth in young fish. Science 324: 1683.
32. Chen I-C, Hill JK, Ohlemüller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD. 2011. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 333: 1024-1026.
33. Cheung WWL, Lam VWY, Pauly D. 2008. Modelling present and climate-shifted distribution of marine fishes and invertebrates. Fisheries Centre Research Report 16(3), The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.
34. Cheung WWL, Lam VWY, Sarmiento JL, Kearney K, Watson R, Pauly D. 2009. Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios. Fish and Fisheries 10: 235-251.
35. Cheung WWL, Dunne J, Sarmiento JL, Pauly D. 2011. Integrating ecophysiology and plankton dynamics into projected maximum fisheries catch potential under climate change in the Northeast Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68: 1008-1018.
36. Christensen A, Jensen H, Mosegaard H, St John M, Schrum C. 2008. Sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) larval transport patterns in the North Sea from an individual-based hydrodynamic egg and larval model. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65: 1498-1511.
37. Clarke RA, Fox CJ, Viner D, Livermore M. 2003. North Sea cod and climate change - modelling the effects of temperature on population dynamics. Global Change Biology 9: 1669-1680.
38. Cook RM, Heath MR. 2005. The implications of warming climate for the management of North Sea demersal fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1322-1326.
39. Cook RM, Sinclair A, Stefánsson G. 1997. Potential collapse of North Sea cod stocks. Nature 385: 521-522.
40. Cooper LHN. 1952. The boar fish, Capros aper (L.), as a possible biological indicator of water movement. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 31: 351-362.
41. Corten A. 2002. The role of "conservatism" in herring migrations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 11: 339-361.
42. Cotton P A, Sims DW, Fanshawe S, Chadwick M. 2005. The effect of climate variability on zooplankton and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) relative abundance off southwest Britain. Fisheries Oceanography 14: 151-155.
43. Crawshaw LI, O'Connor C. 1997. Behavioural compensation for long-term thermal change. In Global Warming: Implications for Freshwater and Marine Fish, Wood CM, McDonald DG (eds). Cambridge University Press: London; 351-376.
44. Cummings V, Hewitt J, Van Rooyen A, Currie K, Beard S, Thrush S, Norkko J, Barr N, Heath P, Halliday NJ, et al. 2011. Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica. PLoS One 6(1): e16069. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 Latest info required.
45. Cushing DH. 1980. The decline of the herring stocks and the gadoid outburst. Journal du conseil. Conseil international pour l'exploration de la mer 39: 70-81.
46. Dambach J, Rödder D. 2011. Applications and future challenges in marine species distribution modelling. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21: 92-100.
47. Desaunay Y, Guerault D, Le Pape O, Poulard J-C. 2006. Changes in occurrence and abundance of northern/southern flatfishes over a 20-year period in a coastal nursery area (Bay of Vilaine) and on the eastern continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay. Scientia Marina 70S1: 193-2000.
48. Dulvy NK, Rogers SI, Jennings S, Stelzenmüller V, Dye SR, Skjoldal HR. 2008. Climate change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: a biotic indicator of regional warming. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1029-1039.
49. Dupont S, Havenhand J, Thorndyke W, Peck L, Thorndyke M. 2008. Near-future level of CO2-driven ocean acidification radically affects larval survival and development in the brittlestar Ophiothrix fragilis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373: 285-294.
50. Ellis JR, Engelhard GH, Pinnegar JK. 2010. Ecotypes. In Resolving Climate Impacts on Fish Stocks, Rijnsdorp AD, Peck MA, Engelhard GH, Möllmann C, Pinnegar JK (eds). ICES Cooperative Research Report 301. ICES: Copenhagen; 10-20.
51. Elsdon TS, Wells BK, Campana SE, Gillanders BM, Jones CM, Limburg KE, Secor DE, Thorrold SR, Walther BD. 2008. Otolith chemistry to describe movements and life-history measurements of fishes: hypotheses, assumptions, limitations, and inferences using five methods. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Reviews 46: 297-330.
52. Emeis K-C, Finney BP, Ganeshram R, Gutiérrez D, Poulsen B, Struck U. 2009. Impacts of past climate variability on marine ecosystems: lessons from sediment records. Journal of Marine Systems 79: 333-342.
53. Engelhard GH. 2005. Catalogue of Defra historical catch and effort charts: six decades of detailed spatial statistics for British fisheries. Science Series Technical Report 128, Cefas, Lowestoft.
54. Engelhard GH, Pinnegar JK. 2010. Nephrops. In Resolving Climate Impacts on Fish Stocks, Rijnsdorp AD, Peck MA, Engelhard GH, Möllmann C. Pinnegar JK (eds). ICES Cooperative Research Report 301. ICES: Copenhagen; 203-207.
55. Engelhard GH, Ellis JR, Payne MR, ter Hofstede R, Pinnegar JK. 2011a. Ecotypes as a concept for exploring responses to climate change in fish assemblages. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68: 580-591.
56. Engelhard GH, Pinnegar JK, Kell LT, Rijnsdorp AD. 2011b. Nine decades of North Sea sole and plaice distribution. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68: 1090-1104.
57. Fabry VJ, Seibel BA, Feely RA, Orr JC. 2008. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 414-432.
58. Farina AC, Freire J, Gonzalez-Gurriaran E. 1997. Demersal fish assemblages in the Galician continental shelf and upper slope (NW Spain): spatial structure and long-term changes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 44: 435-454.
59. Fock H, Uiblein F, Köster F, von Westernhagen H. 2002. Biodiversity and species environment relationships of the demersal fish assemblage at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical NE Atlantic), sampled by different trawls. Marine Biology 141: 185-199.
60. Frank KT, Petrie B, Shackell NL, Choi JS. 2006. Reconciling differences in trophic control in mid-latitude marine ecosystems. Ecology Letters 9: 1096-1105.
61. Frank KT, Petrie B, Shackell NL. 2007. The ups and downs of trophic control in continental shelf ecosystems. Trends in Ecoloy and Evolution 22: 236-242.
62. Frederiksen M, Edwards M, Richardson AJ, Halliday NC, Wanless S. 2006. From plankton to top predators: bottom-up control of a marine food web across four trophic levels. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 1259-1268.
63. Frederiksen M, Furness RW, Wanless S. 2007. Regional variation in the role of bottom-up and top-down processes in controlling sandeel abundance in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 337: 279-286.
64. Frommel AY, Stiebens V, Clemmesen C, Havenhand J. 2010. Effect of ocean acidification on marine fish sperm (Baltic cod: Gadus morhua). Biogeosciences 7: 3915-3919.
65. Genner MJ, Sims DW, Wearmouth VJ, Southall EJ, Southward AJ, Henderson PA, Hawkins SJ. 2004. Regional climate warming drives long-term community changes of British marine fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 271: 655-661.
66. Genner MJ, Halliday NC, Simpson SD, Southward AJ, Hawkins SJ, Sims DW. 2010a. Temperature-driven phenological changes within a marine larval fish assemblage. Journal of Plankton Research 32: 699-708.
67. Genner MJ, Sims DW, Southward AJ, Budd GC, Masterson P, McHugh M, Rendle P, Southall EJ, Wearmouth VJ, Hawkins SJ. 2010b. Body size-dependent responses of a marine fish assemblage to climate change and fishing over a century-long scale. Global Change Biology 16: 517-527.
68. Graham CT, Harrod C. 2009. Climate change and the fish of Britain and Ireland-a review. Journal of Fish Biology 74: 1143-1205.
69. Graves JE. 1998. Molecular insights into the population structures of cosmopolitan marine fishes. The Journal of Heredity 89: 427-437.
70. Greenstreet SPR, Rogers SI. 2006. Indicators of the health of the North Sea fish community: identifying reference levels for an ecosystem approach to management. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 573-593.
71. Greenstreet SPR, Armstrong E, Mosegaard E, Jensen H, Gibb IM, Fraser HM, Scott BE, Holland GJ, Sharples J. 2006. Variation in the abundance of sandeels Ammodytes marinus off southeast Scotland: an evaluation of area-closure fisheries management and stock abundance assessment methods. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 1530-1550.
72. Greve W, Prinage S, Zidowitz H, Nast J, Reiners F. 2005. On the phenology of North Sea ichthyoplankton. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1216-1223.
73. Gunnarson B, Ásgeirsson D, Ingólfsson A. 2007. The rapid colonization by Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eucarida, Caridea, Crangonidae) of Icelandic coastal waters. Crustaceana 80: 747-753.
74. Harris MP, Beare D, Toresen R, Nottestad L, Kloppmann M, Dorner H, Peach K, Rushton DRA, Foster-Smith J, Wanless S. 2007. A major increase in snake pipefish (Entelurus aequoreus) in northern European seas since 2003: potential implications for seabird breeding success. Marine Biology 151: 973-983.
75. Heath MR. 2005a. Changes in the structure and function of the North Sea fish food web, 1973-2000, and the impacts of fishing and climate. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 847-868.
76. Heath MR. 2005b. Regional variability in the trophic requirements of shelf sea fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic, 1973-2000. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1233-1244.
77. Heath MR, Brander K. 2001. Workshop on Gadoid Stocks in the North Sea during the 1960s and 1970s. The Fourth ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing Workshop, 1999. ICES Cooperative Research Report 244.
78. Heath MR, Lough RG. 2007. A synthesis of large scale patterns in the planktonic prey of larval and juvenile cod. Fisheries Oceanography 16: 169-185.
79. Heath MR, Speirs DC. 2012. Changes in species diversity and size composition in the Firth of Clyde demersal fish community, 1927-2009. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 279: 543-552.
80. Heath MR, Henderson EW, Slesser G, Woodward EMS. 1991. High salinity in the North Sea. Nature 352: 116.
81. Heath MR, MacKenzie BR, Ådlandsvik B, Backhaus JO, Begg GA, Drysdale A, Gallego A, Gibb F, Gibb I, Harms IH, et al. 2003. An operational model of the effects of stock structure and spatio-temporal factors on recruitment. Final report of the EU-STEREO project. FAIR-CT98-4122. 1 December 1998 to 28 February 2002. Fisheries Research Services Contract Report No 10/03.
82. Heath MR, Kunzlik PA, Gallego A, Holmes SJ, Wright PJ. 2008. A model of meta-population dynamics for northern European cod - the dynamic consequences of natal fidelity. Fisheries Research 93: 92-116.
83. Hedger R, McKenzie E, Heath M, Wright P, Scott B, Gallego A, Bridson J. 2004. Analysis of the spatial distributions of mature cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) abundance in the North Sea (1980-1999) using Generalised Additive Models. Fisheries Research 70: 17-25.
84. Henderson PA, Seaby RM. 2005. The role of climate in determining the temporal variation in abundance, recruitment and growth of sole Solea solea in the Bristol Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 85: 197-204.
85. Heessen HJL. 1994. Bluemouth (Helicolenus dactylopterus): a new species in the North Sea? International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Council Meeting 1994. CM/O:13.
86. Heessen HJL, Hislop JRG, Boon TW. 1996. Short communication. An invasion of the North Sea by blue-mouth, Helicolenus dactylopterus (Pisces, Scorpaenidae). ICES Journal of Marine Science 52: 874-877.
87. Hiddink JG, Ter Hofstede R. 2008. Climate induced increases in species richness of marine fishes. Global Change Biology 14: 453-460.
88. Hislop JRG, Gallego A, Heath MR, Kennedy FM, Reeves SA, Wright PJ. 2001. A synthesis of the early life history of anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) in northern British waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58: 70-86.
89. Holland GJ, Greenstreet SPR, Gibb IM, Fraser HM, Robertson MR. 2005. Identifying sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, sediment habitat preferences in the marine environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 303: 269-282.
90. Holmes SJ, Wright PJ, Fryer RJ. 2008. Evidence for regional variability in cod dynamics in the North Sea and West of Scotland from survey data. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 206-215.
91. Houghton JDR, Doyle TK, Davenport J, Hays GC. 2006. The ocean sunfish Mola mola: insights into distribution, abundance and behaviour in the Irish and Celtic Seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 86: 1237-1243.
92. Hufnagl M, Temming A. 2010. Chapter 22 Brown shrimp. In Resolving Climate Impacts on Fish Stocks, Rijnsdorp AD, Peck MA, Engelhard GH, Möllmann C. Pinnegar JK (eds). ICES Cooperative Research Report 301. ICES: Copenhagen; 199-202.
93. Hufnagl M, Peck MA. 2011. Physiological individual-based modelling of larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) foraging and growth: insights on climate-driven life-history scheduling. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68: 1170-1188.
94. Hunter E, Metcalfe JD, Arnold GP, Reynolds JD. 2004. Impacts of migratory behaviour on population structure in North Sea plaice. Journal of Animal Ecology 73: 377-385.
95. Hurrell JW. 2001. The North Atlantic Oscillation. In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Vol. 4, Steele J, Thorpe SA, Turekian KK (eds). Academic Press: London; 1904-1911.
96. Hurrell JW, Kushnir Y, Visbeck M, Ottersen G. 2003. An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation. In The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate Significance and Environmental Impact, Hurrell JW, Kushnir Y, Ottersen G, Visbeck M (eds). Geophysical Monographs Series 134. AGU: Washington DC; 1-35.
97. Hutchings JA, Myers RA. 1994. Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature. Marine Ecology Progress Series 108: 21-31.
98. Hutchinson WF, Carvalho GR, Rogers SI. 2001. Marked genetic structuring in localised spawning populations of cod Gadus morhua in the North Sea and adjoining waters, as revealed by microsatellites. Marine Ecology Progress Series 223: 251-260.
99. ICES. 2008. Report of the Working Group on Fish Ecology (WGFE), 3-7 March 2008, ICES, Copenhagen, Denmark. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Council Meeting 2008/LRC:04.
100. Imsland AK, Foss A, Naevdal G, Johasen T, Folkvord A, Steffanson SO, Jonassen TM. 2004. Variations in growth in haemoglobin genotypes of Atlantic cod. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 30: 47-55.
101. 2 on marine fish: larvae and adults. Journal of Oceanography 60: 731-741.
102. 2 world. Journal of Geophysical Research 110: C09S09.
103. 2 acidifird oceans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373: 295-302.
104. Iversen SA, Skogen MD, Svendsen E. 2002. Availability of horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus in the north eastern North Sea, predicted by the transport of Atlantic water. Fisheries Oceanography 11: 245-250.
105. Jacobsen MK. 2005. Studying ocean acitification with conservative, stable numerical schemes for nonequilibrium air-ocean exchange and ocean equilibrium chemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research 110: D07302.
106. Jansen T, Gislason H. 2011. Temperature affects the timing of spawning and migration of North Sea mackerel. Continental Shelf Research 31: 64-72.
107. Jobling M. 1988. A review of the physiological and nutritional energetics of cod, Gadus morhua L., with particular reference to growth under farmed conditions. Aquaculture 70: 1-19.
108. Jorde PE, Knutsen K, Espeland SE, Stenseth NC. 2007. Spatial scale of genetic structuring in coastal cod Gadus morhua and geographic extent of local populations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343: 229-237.
109. Kirby RR, Johns DG, Lindley JA. 2006. Fathers in hot water: rising sea temperatures and a Northeastern Atlantic pipefish baby boom. Biology Letters 2: 597-600.
110. Kjesbu OS, Righton D, Kruger-Johnson M, Thorsen A, Michalsen K, Fonn M, Witthames PW. 2010. Thermal dynamics of ovarian maturation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67: 605-625.
111. Kobayashi HA. 1974. Growth cycle and related vertical distribution of the thecosomatous pteropod Spiratella (Limacina) helicina in the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Biology 26: 295-301.
112. Korsgaard B, Mommsen TP, Saunders RL. 1986. The effect of temperature on the vitellogenic response in Atlantic salmon post-smolts (Salmo salar). General and Comparative Endocrinology 62: 191-201.
113. Koskela J, Pirhonen J, Jobling M. 1997. Effect of low temperature on feed intake, growth rate and body composition of juvenile Baltic salmon. Aquaculture International 5: 479-487.
114. Kröncke I. 2011. Changes in Dogger Bank macrofauna communities in the 20th century caused by fishing and climate. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 94: 234-245.
115. Kuipers BR, Dapper R. 1984. Nursery function of Wadden Sea tidal flats for the brown shrimp Crangon crangon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 17: 171-181.
116. Lafrance P, Castonguay M, Chabot D, Audet C. 2005. Ontogenetic changes in temperature preference of Atlantic cod. Journal of Fish Biology 66: 553-567.
117. Laurenson C, Johnson A, Priede IG. 2005. Movements and growth of monkfish Lophius piscatorius tagged at the Shetland Islands, northeastern Atlantic. Fisheries Research 71: 185-195.
118. Lenoir S, Beaugrand G, Lecuyer E. 2011. Modelled spatial distribution of marine fish and projected modifications in the North Atlantic Ocean. Global Change Biology 17: 115-129.
119. Le Quesne WJF, Pinnegar JK. 2011. The potential impacts of ocean acidification: scaling from physiology to fisheries. Fish and Fisheries. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00423.x.
120. Litzow MA, Ciannelli L. 2007. Oscilalting trophic control induces community reorganisation in a marine ecosystem. Ecological Letters 10: 1124-1134.
121. Lynam CP, Cusack C, Stokes D. 2010. A methodology for community-level hypothesis testing applied to detect trends in phytoplankton and fish communities in Irish waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 87: 451-462.
122. Marine Institute. 2010. The Stock Book-Leabhar na Stoc: Annual Review of Fish Stocks in 2009 with Management Advice for 2010. Marine Institute, Fisheries Science Services: Galway, Ireland.
123. Mamie JCJ, Beare DJ, Jones EG, Kienzle M, Dobby H, Heath MR, Reid DG. 2007. Aspects of the distribution and growth of bluemouth (Helicolenus dactylopterus, Delaroche 1809) since its invasion of the northern North Sea in 1991. Fisheries Oceanography 16: 85-94.
124. McHugh M, Sims DW, Partridge JC, Genner MJ. 2011. A century later: long-term change of an inshore temperate marine fish assemblage. Journal of Sea Research 65: 187-194.
125. Metcalfe JD. 2006. Fish population structuring in the North Sea: understanding processes and mechanisms from studies of the movements of adults. Journal of Fish Biology 69: 48-65.
126. Mieszkowska N, Genner MJ, Hawkins SJ, Sims DW. 2009. Effects of climate change and commercial fishing on Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Advances in Marine Biology 56: 213-273.
127. Millner RS, Pilling GM, McCully SR, Høie H. 2011. Changes in the timing of otolith zone formation in North Sea cod from otolith records: an early indicator of climate-induced temperature stress? Marine Biology 158: 21-30.
128. Munday PL, Gagliano M, Donelson JM, Dixson DL, Thorrold SR. 2011. Ocean acidification does not affect the early life history development of a tropical marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 423: 211-221.
129. Neat F, Righton D. 2007. Warm water occupancy by North Sea cod. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 274: 789-798.
130. Neat F, Campbell N. 2011. Demersal fish diversity of the isolated Rockall plateau compared with the adjacent west coast shelf of Scotland. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 138-147.
131. Neat FC, Wright PJ, Zuur AF, Gibb IM, Gibb FM, Tulett D, Righton DA, Turner R. 2006. Residency and depth movement of a coastal group of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Marine Biology 148: 643-654.
132. Nielsen EE, Hansen MM, Schmidt C, Meldrup D, Gronk JP. 2001. Fisheries: population of origin of Atlantic cod. Nature 413: 272.
133. Nielsen E, Wright PJ, Hemmer-Hansen J, Poulsen NA, Gibb IM, Meldrup D. 2009. Population structure of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the North Sea and west of Scotland; the role of sampling loci and individuals for inferring micro-geographical differentiation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376: 213-225.
134. Nolan G, Gillooly M, Whelan K (eds). 2009. Irish Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Status Report 2009. Marine Institute: Galway. ISBN Number: 978-1-902895-40-6.
135. O'Brien CM, Fox CJ, Planque B, Casey J. 2000. Climate variability and North Sea cod. Nature 404: 142.
136. O'Connell JM, Tunnicliffe V. 2001. The use of sedimentary fish remains for interpretation of long-term fish population fluctuations. Marine Geology 174: 177-195.
137. Olin T, Von der Decken A. 1989. Vitellogenin synthesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at different acclimation temperatures. Aquaculture 79: 397-402.
138. Olsen EM, Knutsen H, Gjøsaeter J, Jorde PE, Knutsen JA, Stenseth NC. 2008. Small-scale biocomplexity in coastal Atlantic cod supporting a Darwinian perspective on fisheries management. Evolutionary Applications 1: 524-533.
139. Olsen EM, Ottersen G, Llope M, Chan K-S, Beaugrand G, Stenseth NC. 2011. Spawning stock and recruitment in North Sea cod shaped by food and climate. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 278: 504-510.
140. Opdal AF. 2010. Fisheries change spawning ground distribution of northeast Arctic cod. Biology Letters 6: 261-264.
141. O'Sullivan M, Wright PJ, Verspoor E, Knox D, Piertney S. 2005. Absence of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in northeast Atlantic angler- fish (Lophius piscatorius). International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Council Meeting 2005/T:18 - Poster.
142. Pampoulie C, Jakobsdottir KB, Marteinsdottir G, Thorsteinsson V. 2008. Are vertical behaviour patterns related to the Pantophysin locus in the Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)? Behavioural Genetics 38: 76-81.
143. Patterson RT, Prokoph A, Kumar A, Chang AS, Roed HM. 2005. Late Holocene variability in pelagic fish scales and dinoflagellate cysts along the west coast of Vancouver Island, NE Pacific Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology 55: 183-204.
144. Pawson M, Pickett GD, Witthames PR. 2000. The influence of temperature on the onset of first maturity in sea bass. Journal of Fish Biology 56: 319-327.
145. Peck MA, Buckley LJ, Bengtson DA. 2006. Effects of temperature and body size on the swimming speed of larval and juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): implications for individual-based modelling. Environmental Biology of Fishes 75: 419-429.
146. Peck MA, Kühn W, Hinrichsen H-H, Pohlmann T. 2009. Inter-annual and inter-specific differences in the drift of fish eggs and yolksac larvae in the North Sea: a biophysical modeling approach. Scientia Marina 73(S1): 23-36.
147. Perry AL, Low PJ, Ellis JR, Reynolds JD. 2005. Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308(5730): 1912-1915.
148. Petersen CW. Leviton DR. 2001. The Allee affect: a barrier to recovery by exploited species. In Conservation of Expolited Species, Reynolds JD, Mace GM, Redford KH, Robinson JG (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 281-300.
149. Petersen MF, Steffensen JF. 2002. Preferred temperature of juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua with different haemoglobin genotypes at normoxia and moderate hypoxia. Journal of Experimental Biology 206: 359-364.
150. Pilling GM, Milner RS, Easy MW, Tidd AN. 2007. Phenology and North Sea cod Gadus morhua L.: has climate change affected otolith annulus formation and growth? Journal of Fish Biology 70: 584-599.
151. Pinnegar JK, Jennings S, O'Brien CM, Polunin NVC. 2002. Long-term changes in the trophic level of the Celtic Sea fish community and fish market price distribution. Journal of Applied Ecology 39: 377-390.
152. Pinnegar JK., Stelzenmüller V, van der Kooij J, Engelhard GH, Garrick-Maidment N, Righton DA. 2008. Occurrence of the short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus in the central North Sea. Cybium 32: 343-346.
153. Planque B, Fox CJ. 1998. Interannual variability in temperature and the recruitment of Irish Sea cod. Marine Ecology Progress Series 172: 101-105.
154. Planque B, Fredou T. 1999. Temperature and recruitment of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 2069-2077.
155. Pörtner HO. 2008. Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times of ocean warming: a physiologists view. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373: 203-217.
156. Pörtner HO. 2010. Oxygen- and capacity-driven limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for investigating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems. Journal of Experimental Biology 213: 881-893.
157. Pörtner HO, Farrell AP. 2008. Physiology and climate change. Science 322: 690-692.
158. Pörtner HO, Peck MA. 2010. Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries:towards a cause-and-effect understanding. Journal of Fish Biology 77: 1745-1779.
159. Pörtner HO, Bennett AF, Bozinovic F, Clarke A, Lardies MA, Lucassen M, Pelster B, Schiemer F, Stillman JH. 2006. Trade-offs in thermal adaptation: the need for a molecular to ecological integration. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79: 295-313.
160. Poulard J-C, Blanchard F, 2005. The impact of climate change on the fish community structure of the eastern continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1463-1443.
161. Proctor R, Wright PJ, Everitt A. 1998. Modelling the transport of larval sandeels on the north west European shelf. Fisheries Oceanography 7: 347-354.
162. Quero J-C, Du Buit M-H, Vayne J-J. 1998. Les observations de poissons tropicaux et le rechauffement des eaux dans l'Atlantique européen. Oceanologica Acta 21: 345-351.
163. Rayner NA, Parker DE, Horton EB, Folland CK, Alexander LV, Rowell DP, Kent EC, Kaplan A. 2003. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(D14): 4407. DOI:10.1029/2002JD002670.
164. Reid DG, Turrell WR, Walsh M, Corten A. 1997. Cross-shelf processes north of Scotland in relation to the southerly migration of western mackerel. ICES Journal of Marine Science 54: 168-178.
165. Reid DG, Walsh M, Turrell WR. 2001. Hydrography and mackerel distribution on the shelf edge west of the Norwegian deeps. Fisheries Research 50: 141-150.
166. Reid PC, Borges M, De F, Svendsen E. 2001. A regime shift in the North Sea circa 1988 linked to changes in the North Sea horse mackerel fishery. Fisheries Research 50: 163-171.
167. Revill AS, Dulvy NK, Holst R. 2005. The survival of discarded lesser-spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) in the western English Channel beam trawl fishery. Fisheries Research 71:121-124.
168. Richardson AJ, Bakun A, Hays GC, Gibbons MJ. 2009. The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24: 312-322.
169. Righton DA, Andersen KH, Neat F, Thorsteinsson V, Steingrund P, Svedäng H, Michalsen K, Hinrichsen HH, Bendall V, Neuenfeldt S, et al. 2010. Thermal niche of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua: limits, tolerance and optima. Marine Ecology Progress Series 420: 1-3.
170. Rijnsdorp AD, Millner RS. 1996. Trends in population dynamics and exploitation of Noth Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L) since the late 1800s. ICES Journal of Marine Science 53: 1170-1184.
171. Rijnsdorp AD, Peck MA, Engelhard GH, Möllmann C, Pinnegar JK. 2009. Resolving the effect of climate change on fish populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1570-1583.
172. Rijnsdorp AD, Peck MA, Engelhard GH, Möllmann C. Pinnegar JK (eds). 2010. Resolving climate impacts on fish stocks. ICES Cooperative Research Report 301.
173. Rindorf A, Lewy P. 2006. Warm, windy winters drive cod north and homing of spawners keeps them there. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 445-453.
174. Robichaud D, Rose GA. 2001. Multiyear homing of Atlantic cod to a spawning ground. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 2325-2329.
175. Robichaud D, Rose GA. 2004. Migratory behaviour and range in Atlantic cod: inference from a century of tagging. Fish and Fisheries 5: 185-214.
176. Röckmann C, Dickey-Collas M, Payne MR, van Hal R. 2011. Realized habitats of early-stage North Sea herring: looking for signals of environmental change. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68: 537-546.
177. Rose GA. 2004. Reconciling overfishing and climate change with stock dynamics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) over 500 years. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 1553-1557.
178. Rost B, Zondervan I, Wolf-Gladrow D. 2008. Sensitivity of phytoplankton to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry: current knowledge, contradictions and research directions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373: 227-237.
179. Schwartzlose RA, Alheit J, Bakun A, Baumgartner TR, Cloete R, Crawford RJM, Fletcher WJ, Green-Ruiz Y, Hagen E, Kawasaki T, et al. 1999. Worldwide large-scale fluctuations of sardine and anchovy populations. South African Journal of Marine Science 21: 289-347.
180. Scott BE, Sharples J, Wanless S, Ross O, Frederiksen M, Daunt F. 2006. The use of biologically meaningful oceanographic indices to separate the effects of climate and fisheries on seabird breeding success. In Top Predators in Marine Ecosystems: Their Role in Monitoring and Management, Boyd I, Wanless S, Camphuysen CJ (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 46-62.
181. Simpson SD, Jennings S, Johnson MP, Blanchard JL, Schon P-J, Sims DW, Genner MJ. 2011. Continental shelf-wide response of a fish assemblage to rapid warming of the sea. Current Biology 21: 1565-1570.
182. Sims DW. 1999. Threshold foraging behaviour of basking sharks on zooplankton: life on an energetic knife-edge? Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 266: 1437-1443.
183. Sims DW. 2003. Tractable models for testing theories about natural strategies: foraging behaviour and habitat selection of free ranging sharks. Journal of Fish Biology 63: 53-73.
184. Sims DW. 2010. Swimming behaviour and energetics of free-ranging sharks: New directions in movement analysis. In Fish Locomotion: An Eco-ethological Perspective, Domenici P, Kapoor BG (eds). Science Publishers: Enfield, USA; 407-434.
185. Sims DW, Merrett DA. 1997. Determination of zooplankton characteristics in the presence of surface feeding basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 158: 297-302.
186. Sims DW, Quayle VA. 1998. Selective foraging behaviour of basking sharks on zooplankton in a small-scale front. Nature 393: 460-464.
187. Sims DW, Southward AJ. 2006. Dwindling fish stocks already of concern in 1883. Nature 439: 660.
188. Sims DW, Southall EJ, Quayle VA, Fox AM. 2000. Annual social behaviour of basking sharks associated with coastal front areas. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 267: 1897-1904.
189. Sims DW, Genner MJ, Southward AJ, Hawkins SJ. 2001. Timing of squid migration reflects North Atlantic climate variability. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 268: 2607-2611.
190. Sims DW, Southall EJ, Richardson AJ, Reid PC, Metcalfe JD. 2003. Seasonal movement and behaviour of basking sharks from archived tagging: no evidence of winter hibernation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 248: 187-196.
191. Sims DW, Wearmouth VJ, Genner MJ, Southward AJ, Hawkins SJ. 2004. Low-temperature-driven early spawning migration of a temperate marine fish. Journal of Animal Ecology 73: 333-341.
192. Sims DW, Queiroz N, Doyle T, Houghton JDR, Hays GC. 2009a. Satellite tracking the world's largest bony fish, the ocean sunfish Mola mola in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 370: 127-133.
193. Sims DW, Queiroz N, Humphries NE, Lima FP, Hays GC. 2009b. Long-term GPS tracking of ocean sunfish Mola mola offers a new direction in fish monitoring. PLoS One 4: e7351.
194. Southward AJ. 1980. The western English Channel - An inconstant ecosystem? Nature 285: 361-366.
195. Southward AJ, Boalch GT, Maddock L. 1988. Fluctuations in the herring and pilchard fisheries of Devon and Cornwall linked to change in climate since the 16th century. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K. 68: 423-445.
196. Southward AJ, Langmead O, Hardman-Mountford NJ, Aiken J, Boalch GT, Dando PR, Genner MJ, Joint I, Kendall MA, Halliday NC, et al. 2005. Long-term oceanographic and ecological research in the western English Channel. Advances in Marine Biology 47: 1-105.
197. Speirs DC, Guirey EJ, Gurney WSC, Heath MR. 2010. A length structured partial ecosystem model for cod in the North Sea. Fisheries Research 106: 474-494.
198. Stebbing ARD, Turk SMT, Wheeler A, Clarke KR. 2002. Immigration of southern fish species to south-west England linked to warming of the North Atlantic (1960-2001). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K. 82: 177-180.
199. Stenseth NC, Mysterud A, Ottersen G, Hurrell JW, Chan K-S, Lima M. 2002. Ecological effects of climate fluctuations. Science 297: 1292-1296.
200. Sundby S, Nakken O. 2008. Spatial shifts in spawning habitats of Arcto-Norwegian cod related to multidecadal climate oscillations and climate change. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 953-962.
201. Svedäng H, Righton D, Jonsson P. 2007. Migratory behaviour of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua: natal homing is the prime stock-separating mechanism. Marine Ecology Progress Series 345: 1-12.
202. Swaby SE, Potts GW. 1999. The sailfin dory, a first British record. Journal of Fish Biology 54: 1338-1340.
203. Taylor AR, Chrachri A, Wheeler G, Goddard H, Brownlee C. 2011. A voltage-gated H+channel underlying pH homeostasis in calcifying coccolithophores. PLoS Biology 9: e1001085.
204. Temming A, Floeter J, Ehrich S. 2007. Predation hot spots: large-scale impact of local aggregations. Ecosystems 10: 865-876.
205. ter Hofstede R, Rijnsdorp AD. 2011. Comparing demersal fish assemblages between periods of contrasting climate and fishing pressure. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1189-1198.
206. ter Hofstede R, Hiddink JG, Rijnsdorp AD. 2010. Regional warming changes fish species richness in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414: 1-9.
207. Tobin D, Wright PJ. 2011. Temperature and maturation in haddock. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 403: 9-13.
208. Toresen R, Østvedt OJ. 2000. Variation in abundance of Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus, Clupeidae) throughout the 20th century and the influence of climatic fluctuations. Fish and Fisheries 1: 231-256.
209. Ueda H. 2011. Physiological mechanism of homing migration in Pacific salmon from behavioural to molecular biological approaches. General and Comparative Endocrinology 170: 222-232.
210. van Damme CJG, Couperus AS. 2008. Mass occurrence of snake pipefish in the Northeast Atlantic: Result of a change in climate? Journal of Sea Research 60: 117-125.
211. Van Der Kraak G, Pankhurst NW. 1997. Temperature effects on the reproductive performance of fish. Global Warming: Implications for freshwater and marine fish. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series 61: 159-176.
212. Vézina AF, Hoegh-Guldberg O. 2008. Effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. Introduction. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373: 199-201.
213. Videler JJ. 1993. Fish Swimming. Chapman & Hal: London.
214. Visbek MH, Hurrell JW, Polvani L, Cullen HM. 2001. The North Atlantic Oscillation: past, present and future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 98: 12876-12877.
215. Walsh M, Martin JHA. 1986. Recent changes in the distribution and migrations of the western mackerel stock in relation to hydrographic changes. ICES CM 1986/H:17 (mimeo).
216. Walsh M, Reid DG, Turrell WR. 1995. Understanding mackerel migration off Scotland: tracking with echosounders and commercial data, and including environmental correlates and behaviour. ICES Journal of Marine Science 52: 925-939.
217. Wanless S, Wright PJ, Harris MP, Elston DA. 2004. Evidence for decrease in size of lesser sandeels Ammodytes marinus in a North Sea aggregation over a 30-yr period. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279: 237-246.
218. Ware DM, Tanasichuk RW. 1989. Biological basis of maturation and spawning waves in Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46: 1776-1784.
219. West CD. 2010. Modelling migration and aggregation: applications in fisheries, environmental change and evolution. PhD Thesis, University of York.
220. West CD, Dytham C, Righton D, Pitchford JW. 2009. Preventing overexploitation of migratory fish stocks: the efficacy of marine protected areas in a stochastic environment. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1919-1930.
221. Wikelski M, Cooke SJ. 2006. Conservation physiology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21: 38-46.
222. Woodhead PJM. 1964. The death of North Sea fish during the winter of 1962/63 particularly with reference to the sole, Solea vulgaris. Helgoländer Wissenschaftlichen Meeresuntersuchungen 10: 283-300.
223. Wright PJ, Galley E, Gibb IM, Neat FC. 2006a. Fidelity of adult cod to spawning grounds in Scottish waters. Fisheries Research 77: 148-158.
224. Wright PJ, Neat FC, Gibb FM, Gibb IM, Thordarson H. 2006b. Evidence for metapopulation structuring in cod from the west of Scotland and North Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 69(Supplement C): 181-199.
225. Wright PJ, Trippel EA. 2009. Fishery-induced demographic changes in the timing of spawning: consequences to reproductive success. Fish and Fisheries 10: 283-304.
226. Yoneda M, Wright PJ. 2005. Effects of varying temperature and food availability on growth and reproduction in first-time spawning female Atlantic cod. Journal of Fish Biology 67: 1225-1241.
227. Zuur AF, Tuck ID, Bailey N. 2003. Dynamic common factor analysis to estimate common trends in fisheries time-series. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60: 542-552.