-
5
-
-
0347064931
-
-
D. B. Lluch-Cota, S. Hernández-Váquez, S. E. Lluch-Cota, FAO Fish. Circ. 934 (1997). The RIS series was built as the difference between the sum of the annual standardized sardine landings series from the three major stocks in the Pacific Ocean (northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, and southeast Pacific), together with the southeast Atlantic anchovy stock (out of phase), and the sum of the anchovy standardized landings series (together with the southeast Atlantic sardine stock) in the same regions.
-
(1997)
FAO Fish. Circ.
, pp. 934
-
-
Lluch-Cota, D.B.1
Hernández-Váquez, S.2
Lluch-Cota, S.E.3
-
7
-
-
0001118562
-
-
D. H. Peterson, Ed. [Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Union 55 (1989)]
-
C. D. Keeling et al., in Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas, D. H. Peterson, Ed. [Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Union 55 (1989)], pp. 165-235. The long-term anthropogenic increase was removed from the monthly Mauna Loa data with a second-order polynomial.
-
Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas
, pp. 165-235
-
-
Keeling, C.D.1
-
8
-
-
0003412077
-
-
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, TN
-
P. D. Jones, D. E. Parker, T. J. Osborn, K. R. Briffa, in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change [Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, TN, 2001].
-
(2001)
Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change
-
-
Jones, P.D.1
Parker, D.E.2
Osborn, T.J.3
Briffa, K.R.4
-
10
-
-
0031465646
-
-
N. J. Mantua, S. R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J. M. Wallace, R. C. Francis, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78, 1069 (1997).
-
(1997)
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.
, vol.78
, pp. 1069
-
-
Mantua, N.J.1
Hare, S.R.2
Zhang, Y.3
Wallace, J.M.4
Francis, R.C.5
-
13
-
-
0000736930
-
-
Interagency Ecological Studies Progress Technical Report 26, California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA
-
C. C. Ebbesmeyer et al., in Proceedings of the 7th Annual PACLIM Workshop (Interagency Ecological Studies Progress Technical Report 26, California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA, 1991), pp. 115-126.
-
(1991)
Proceedings of the 7th Annual PACLIM Workshop
, pp. 115-126
-
-
Ebbesmeyer, C.C.1
-
15
-
-
0028570490
-
-
A. J. Miller, D. R. Cayan, T. P. Barnett, N. E. Graham, J. M. Oberhuber, Clim. Dyn. 9, 287 (1994).
-
(1994)
Clim. Dyn.
, vol.9
, pp. 287
-
-
Miller, A.J.1
Cayan, D.R.2
Barnett, T.P.3
Graham, N.E.4
Oberhuber, J.M.5
-
19
-
-
0002335601
-
-
R. Jordan, H. Fuentes, Informe Inst. Mar. Peru (Callao) 10, 1 (1966). The early seabird record, before 1940, was biased by protective rookery measures and was not considered in the ecosystem index. The decline in seabirds after 1965 was likely due to a decrease in the availability of their prey from elevated fishing pressure and was also not considered. Anomalies were calculated by subtracting the mean from the anchovy, sardine, and seabird time series and normalized by dividing by the means. The anomalies for the anchovies and seabirds were inverted (negative high, positive low) and the three anomalies added to calculate the ecosystem index.
-
(1966)
Informe Inst. Mar. Peru (Callao)
, vol.10
, pp. 1
-
-
Jordan, R.1
Fuentes, H.2
-
21
-
-
0012749067
-
-
J. J. Alberts, L. R. Pomeroy, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York)
-
R. T. Barber, in Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology, J. J. Alberts, L. R. Pomeroy, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988), pp. 166-188.
-
(1988)
Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology
, pp. 166-188
-
-
Barber, R.T.1
-
24
-
-
0032778515
-
-
F. P. Chavez et al., Science 286, 2126 (1999).
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.286
, pp. 2126
-
-
Chavez, F.P.1
-
31
-
-
0034812678
-
-
J. J. Polovina, E. Howell, D. B. Kobayashi, M. P. Seki, Prog. Oceanog. 49, 469 (2001).
-
(2001)
Prog. Oceanog.
, vol.49
, pp. 469
-
-
Polovina, J.J.1
Howell, E.2
Kobayashi, D.B.3
Seki, M.P.4
-
33
-
-
0026286534
-
-
T. Kawasaki, S. Tanaka, Y. Toba, A. Taniguchi, Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford)
-
T. Wada, M. Kashiwai, in Long-Term Variability of Pelagic Fish Populations and Their Environment, T. Kawasaki, S. Tanaka, Y. Toba, A. Taniguchi, Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991), pp. 181-190.
-
(1991)
Long-Term Variability of Pelagic Fish Populations and Their Environment
, pp. 181-190
-
-
Wada, T.1
Kashiwai, M.2
-
34
-
-
4244147135
-
-
G. A. McFarlane, P. E. Smith, T. R. Baumgartner, J. R. Hunter, Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 32, 19S (2002).
-
(2002)
Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.
, vol.32
-
-
McFarlane, G.A.1
Smith, P.E.2
Baumgartner, T.R.3
Hunter, J.R.4
-
38
-
-
0035933532
-
-
S. W. Pacala et al., Science 292, 2316 (2001).
-
(2001)
Science
, vol.292
, pp. 2316
-
-
Pacala, S.W.1
-
42
-
-
0141622314
-
-
K. Greene, Science 295, 1823 (2002).
-
(2002)
Science
, vol.295
, pp. 1823
-
-
Greene, K.1
-
47
-
-
0035853544
-
-
S. Levitus et al., Science 292, 267 (2001).
-
(2001)
Science
, vol.292
, pp. 267
-
-
Levitus, S.1
-
48
-
-
0346434692
-
-
See www.ocean.us.net for U.S. efforts toward integrated and sustained observations.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
0347064907
-
-
note
-
Discussions with the participants of the international Workshop on Interannual Climate Variability and Pelagic Fisheries, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 6 to 24 November 2000; the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics-supported Workshop on Impacts of Interannual to Interdecadal-Scale Climate Variability on Marine Ecosystems on the Big Island of Hawaii, Hamakua Ecology Center, Hawaii, 15 to 18 February 2002; and the Symposium and Workshop on Impacts of El Niño and Basin-Scale Climate Change on Ecosystems and Living Marine Resources: A Comparison Between the California and the Humboldt Current Systems in Viña del Mar; Chile, 7 to 10 August 2002, contributed to this review. The TOPEX data were obtained from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Physical Oceanography Data Active Archive Center. The California chlorophyll time series would not have been possible without the crew of the research vessel Point Lobos. R. Michisaki helped prepare the figures. T. Pennington and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NASA, NOAA, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided generous support.
-
-
-
|