Changes in Dogger Bank macrofauna communities in the 20th century caused by fishing and climate

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

Volumn 94, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 234-245

  Kröncke, Ingrid ^a  

^a SENCKENBERG DEUTSCHES ENTOMOLOGISCHES INSTITUT   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biological regime shift; Climate regime shift; Feeding modes; Long term changes; NAOI; North Sea

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; AMPHIPOD; ANIMAL COMMUNITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; FISHING; FOOD AVAILABILITY; HUMAN ACTIVITY; LONG-TERM CHANGE; PLANKTON; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TURBIDITY; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WATER MASS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; DOGGER BANK; NORTH SEA;

AMPHIPODA; MACTRA; SPISULA;

EID: 80051801981     PISSN: 02727714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.06.015     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Aebischer N.J., Coulson J.C., Colebrook J.M. Parallel long-term trends across four marine trophic levels and weather. Nature 1990, 347:753-755.
2. Amaro T.P.F., Duineveld G.C.A., Bergman M.J.N., Witbaard R., Scheffer M. The consequences of changes in abundance of Callianassa subterranea and Amphiura filiformis on sediment erosion at the Frisian Front (south-eastern North Sea). Hydrobiologia 2007, 589:273-285.
3. Beaugrand G. The North Sea regime shift: evidence, causes, mechanisms and consequences. Progress in Oceanography 2004, 60:245-262.
4. Becker G.A., Dooley H. The 1989/91 high salinity anomaly in the North Sea and adjacent areas. Ocean Challenge 1995, 6(1):52-57.
5. Becker G.A., Frey H., Wegner G. Atlas der Temperatur an der Oberfläche der Nordsee. Wöchentliche und monatliche Mittelwerte für den Zeitraum 1971 bis 1980. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 1986, Erg-H B 17:1-127.
6. Beukema J.J. Expected effects of changes in winter temperatures on benthic animals living in soft sediments in coastal North Sea areas. Expected Effects of Climatic Change on Marine Coastal Ecosystems 1990, 83-92. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht. J.J. Beukema, W.J. Wolff, J.W.N. Brouns (Eds.).
7. Bo Pedersen F. The oceanographic and biological tidal cycle succession in shallow sea fronts in the North Sea and the English Channel. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 1994, 38:249-269.
8. Bray J.R., Curtis J.T. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 1957, 27:325-349.
9. Brockmann U., Wegner G. Hydrography, nutrient and chlorophyll distribution in the North Sea in February 1984. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 1985, 36:27-45.
10. Brockmann U., Laane R.W.P.M., Postma H. Cycling of nutrient elements in the North Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1990, 26:239-264.
11. Buchanan-Wollaston H.J. The spawning of plaice in the southern part of the North Sea in 1913-14. M.A.F. Fishery Investigations Series II 1923, IV(2).
12. Cadée G.C., Hegemann J. Phytoplankton composition, primary production, and chlorophyll: organic carbon and turbidity in the Marsdiep in 1990 compared with earlier years. Hydrobiological Bulletin 1991, 25:29-35.
13. Callaway R., Alsvag J., De Boois I., Cotter J., Ford A., Hinz H., Jennings S., Kröncke I., Lancaster J., Piet G., Prince P., Ehrich S. Diversity and community structure of epibenthic invertebrates and fish in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2002, 59:1199-1214.
14. Callaway R., Engelhard G.H., Dann J., Cotter J., Rumohr H. One century of North Sea epibenthos and fishing: comparison between 1902-1912, 1982-1985 and 2000. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2007, 346:27-43.
15. Clarke K.R., Green R.H. Statistical design and analysis for a " biological effects" study. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1988, 173:67-83.
16. Colebrook J.M. Environmental influences on long-term variability in marine plankton. Hydrobiologica 1986, 142:309-325.
17. Cushing D.H. Biological effects of climatic change. Rapport P-v. Réunion Conservation et internationale Exploration de Mer 1978, 173:107-116.
18. Daan N., Bromley P.J., Hislop J.R.G., Nielsen N.A. Ecology of North Sea fish. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1990, 26(2/4):343-386.
19. Davis F.M. Quantitative studies on the fauna of the sea bottom. No. 1. Fishery Investigations Series II 1923, 6(2):1-54.
20. Davis F.M. Quantitative studies on the fauna of the sea bottom. No. 2. Fishery Investigations Series II 1925, 8(4):1-50.
21. Dickson R.R., Meincke J., Malberg S.A., Lee A.J. The " great salinity anomaly" in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982. Progress in Oceanography 1988, 20:103-151.
22. Dippner J.W., Junker K., Kröncke I. Biological regime shifts and changes in predictability. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37:L24701.
23. Ehrich S., Adlerstein S., Brockmann U., Floeter J., Garthe S., Hinz H., Kröncke I., Neumann H., Reiss H., Sell A.F., Stein M., Stelzenmüller V., Stransky C., Temming A., Wegner G., Zauke G.-P. 20 years of the German small-scale bottom trawl survey (GSBTS): a review. Senckenbergiana Maritima 2007, 37:13-82.
24. Franke H.-D., Gutow L. Long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Helgoland Marine Research 2004, 58:303-310.
25. Frid C.L.J., Garwood P.R., Robinson L.A. Observing change in a North Sea benthic system: a 33 year time series. Journal of Marine Systems 2009, 77:227-236.
26. Greenstreet S., Robinson L., Piet G., Craeymeersch J., Callaway R., Reiss H., Ehrich S., Kröncke I., Fraser H., Lancaster J., Jorgensen L., Goffin A. The Ecological Disturbance Caused by Fishing in the North Sea 2007, Fisheries Research Services, Collaborative Report No 04/07: p. 169.
27. Greenstreet S., Robinson L., Callaway R., Reiss H., Ehrich S., Piet G., Craeymeersch J., Kröncke I., Fraser H., Lancaster J., Jorgensen L., Goffin A. Relationship between TACs, Fish Landings and Fishing Effort in the North Sea 2007, Fisheries Research Services, Collaborative Report No 06/07: p. 152.
28. Hainbucher, D., Backhaus, J.O., Pohlmann, T., 1986. Atlas of climatological and actual seasonal circulation patterns in the North Sea and adjacent shelf regions: 1969-1981. Technischer Report Institut für Meereskunde Hamburg 1-86, pp. 1-201.
29. Hartmann-Schröder G. Annelida, Borstenwürmer, polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile 1996, vol. 58:648. Jena (Fischer). 2. Aufl. F. Dahl (Ed.).
30. Hayward P.J., Ryland J.S. The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe 1990, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 996.
31. Hickel W., Mangelsdorf P., Berg J. The human impact in the German Bight: eutrophication during three decades (1962-1991). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1993, 47:243-263.
32. Hill A.E., James I.D., Linden P.F., Matthews J.P., Prandle D., Gmitrowicz E.M., Smeed D.A., Lwiza K.M.M., Durazo R., Fox A.D., Bowers D.G. Dynamics of tidal mixing fronts in the North Sea. Understanding the North Sea System 1994, 53-68. The Royal Society, Chapman & Hall. H. Charnock, K.R. Dyer, J.M. Huthnance, P.S. Liss, J.H. Simpson, P.B. Tett (Eds.).
33. Hoerling M.P., Hurrell J.W., Xu T. Tropical origin for recent North Atlantic climate change. Science 2001, 292:90-92.
34. Howarth M.J., Dyer K.R., Joint I.R., Hydes D.J., Purdie D.A., Edmunds H., Jones J.E., Lowry R.K., Moffat T.J., Pomroy A.J., Proctor R. Seasonal cycles and their spatial variability. Understanding the North Sea System 1994, 5-26. The Royal Society, Chapman and Hall, London. H. Charnock, K.R. Dyer, J.M. Huthnance, P.S. Liss, J.H. Simpson, P.B. Tett (Eds.).
35. Hurrell, J.W., 21 July 2005. Hearing on Climate Change Science and Economics. U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/nao.stat.winter.html.
36. Hurrell J.W., Deser C. North Atlantic climate variability: the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Marine Systems 2009, 78:28-41. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.026.
37. Jennings S., Dinmore T.A., Duplisea D.E., Warr K.J., Lancaster J.E. Trawling disturbance can modify benthic production processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 2001, 70:459-475.
38. Kaiser M.J., Ramsay C.A., Richardson C.A., Spence F.E., Brand A.R. Chronic fishing disturbance has changed shelf sea benthic community structure. Journal of Animal Ecology 2000, 69:494-503.
39. Kirby R.R., Johns D.G., Lindley J.A. Fathers in hot water: rising sea temperatures and a Northeastern Atlantic pipefish baby boom. Biology Letters 2006, 2:597-600.
40. Kirkegaard J.B. A quantitative investigation of the central North Sea polychaeta. Spolia 1969, 29:1-285.
41. Knust R. Food ecology of north Sea dab (Limanda limanda) .1. Seasonal changes in food uptake and condition in the German Bight and on Dogger bank. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 1996, 44(1-2):1-12.
42. Kröncke I. Macrofauna standing stock of the Dogger Bank. A comparison: II. 1951-52 versus 1985-87. Are changes in the community of the north-eastern part of the Dogger Bank due to environmental changes?. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1990, 25(1-2):189-198.
43. Kröncke I. The macrofauna distribution on the Dogger Bank in April/May 1985-87. Berichte der Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland 1991, 8:1-137.
44. Kröncke I. Macrofauna standing stock of the Dogger Bank. A comparison: III. 1950-54 versus 1985-87. A final summary. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1992, 46:137-169.
45. Kröncke I., Rachor E. Macrofauna investigations along a transect from the inner German Bight towards the Dogger bank. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1992, 91:269-276.
46. Kröncke I., Knust R. The Dogger Bank: a special ecological region in the central North Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1995, 49:335-353.
47. Kröncke I., Reiss H. Long-term variability of benthic indices off the island of Norderney in the southern North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2010, 60:58-68.
48. Kröncke I., Zeiss B., Rensing C. Long-term variability in macrofauna species composition off the island of Norderney (East Frisia, Germany), in relation to changes in climatic and environmental conditions. Senckenbergiana Maritima 2001, 31:65-82.
49. Kröncke I., Dippner J.P., Heyen H., Zeiss B. Long-term changes in macrofauna communities off Norderney (East Frisia, Germany) in relation to climate variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1998, 167:25-36.
50. Kröncke I., Stoeck T., Wieking G., Palojärvi A. Relationship between structural and trophic aspects of microbial and macrofaunal communities in different areas of the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2004, 282:13-31.
51. Kröncke, I., Dippner, J.W., Reiss, H. Effects of cold winters and regime shifts on macrofauna communities in the southern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, submitted for publication.
52. Kröncke, I., Reiss, H., Eggleton, J.D., Bergman, M.J.N., Cochrane, S., Craeymeersch, J., Degraer, S., Desroy, N., Dewarumez, J.-M., Duineveld, G., Essink, K., Hillewaert, H., Lavaleye, M., Moll, A., Nehring, S., Newell, J., Pohlmann, T., Rachor, E., Rees, H.L., Robertson, M., Rumohr, H., Schratzberger, M., Smith, R., Vanden Berghe, E., van Dalfsen, J., van Hoey, G., Vincx, M. Changes in North Sea macrofauna communities and species distribution between 1986 and 2000. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, in press.
53. Künitzer A., Basford D., Craeymeersch I.A., Dewarumez I.M., Dörjes J., Duineveld G.C.A., Eleftheriou A., Heip C., Herman P., Kingston P., Niermann U., Rachor E., Rumohr H., Wilde de P.A.I. The benthic fauna of the North Sea: species distribution and assemblages. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 1992, 49:127-143.
54. Lee A. North Sea: physical oceanography. The North-West European Shelf Seas the Seabed and the Sea in Motion. II. Physical and Chemical Oceanography Series 1980, vol. 24 B:467-493. Elsevier, Amsterdam. F.T. Banner, M.B. Collins, K.S. Massie (Eds.).
55. Lincoln R.J. British Marine Amphipoda: Gammaridea 1979, British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 658.
56. Lindeboom H., van Raaphorst W., Beukema J., Cadee G., Swennen C. (Sudden) changes in the north Sea and Wadden Sea: oceanic influences underestimated?. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 1995, 2(Suppl.):87-100.
57. Loewe P. Atmosphärenphysik. System Nordsee. Berichte des Bundesamtes für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie 2009, vol. 44:35-78. P. Loewe (Ed.).
58. McQuatters-Gollop A., Raitsos D.E., Edwards M., Pradhan Y., Mee L.D., Lavender S.J., Attrill M.J. A long-term chlorophyll data set reveals regime shift in North Sea phytoplankton biomass unconnected to nutrient trends. Limnology and Oceanography 2007, 52:635-648.
59. Neumann H., Ehrich S., Kröncke I. Effects of cold winters and climate on the temporal variability of an epibenthic community in the German Bight. Climate Research 2008, 37:241-251.
60. Neumann H., Reiss H., Rakers S., Ehrich S., Kröncke I. Temporal variability in southern North Sea epifauna communities after the cold winter of 1995/1996. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2009, 66:2233-2243.
61. Neumann H., Kröncke I. Long-term effects of sea surface temperature on the ecological functioning of epifauna in the German Bight. Marine Ecology 2010, 32(Suppl. 1):1-9.
62. Niermann U. Fluctuation and mass occurence of Phoronis mülleri (Phoronidea) in the south-eastern North Sea during 1983-1988. Senckenbergiana Maritima 1996, 28:65-79.
63. Nielsen T.G., Lokkegard B., Richardson K., Bo Pedersen F., Hansen L. Structure of plankton communities in the Dogger Bank area (North Sea) during a stratified situation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1993, 95:115-131.
64. Otto L., Zimmermann I.T.F., Furnes G.K., Mork M., Saetre R., Becker G. Review of the physical oceanography of the North Sea. Netherlands Journal for Sea Research 1990, 25(1-2):161-238.
65. Pedersen S.A., Fock H.O., Sell A.F. Mapping fisheries in the German Exclusive Economic Zone with special reference to offshore Natura 2000 sites. Marine Policy 2009, 33:571-590.
66. Petersen, C.G.J., 1913. The animal communities of the sea bottom. Report Danish Biological Station XXI.
67. Petersen T.H., Hopner The density, biomass and origin of the bivalves of the central North Sea. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskei- og Havundersogelser, Ny Serie 1977, 7:221-273.
68. Philippart C.J.M. Long-term impact of bottom fisheries on several by-catch species of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates in the south-eastern North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 1998, 55:342-352.
69. Rachor E., Reiss H., Degraer S., Duineveld G.C.A., van Hoey G., Lavaleye M., Willems W., Rees H.L. Structure, distribution, and characterizing species of North Sea macro-zoobenthos communities in 2000. Structure and Dynamics of the North Sea Benthos. ICES Cooperative Research Report 2007, vol. 288:46-59. H.L. Rees, J.D. Eggleton, E. Rachor, E. Vanden Berghe (Eds.).
70. Rees H.L., Eggleton J.D., Rachor E., Vanden Berghe E. Structure and dynamics of the North Sea benthos. ICES Cooperative Research Report 2007, 288:258.
71. Rees H.L., Pendle M.A., Limpenny D.S., Mason C.E., Boyd S.E., Birchenough S., Vivian C.M.G. Benthic responses to organic enrichment and climatic events in the western North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2006, 86:1-18.
72. Reid P.C., Edwards M. Long-term-changes in the pelagos, benthos and fishery of the North Sea. Senckenbergiana maritime 2001, 31(2):107-115.
73. Reid C.P., Edwards M., Hunt H.G., Warner J. Phytoplankton change in the north Atlantic. Nature 1998, 391:546.
74. Reid P.C., Borges M., Svendson E. A regime shift in the North Sea circa 1988 linked to changes in the North Sea horse mackerel fishery. Fisheries Research 2001, 50:163-171.
75. Reiss H., Kröncke I. Seasonal variability of epibenthic communities in different areas of the southern North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 2004, 61(6):882-905.
76. Reiss H., Kröncke I. Seasonal variability of endobenthic community structures in three areas of the North Sea under different environmental conditions. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2005, 65:253-274.
77. Reiss H., Meybohm K., Kröncke I. Cold winter (1995/96) effects on macrofauna communities in near- and offshore regions of the North Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 2006, 60:224-238.
78. Reiss H., Wieking G., Kröncke I. Benthic microflora of the Dogger Bank: a comparison between shallow and deep areas using phytopigment composition of the sediment. Marine Biology 2007, 150:1061-1071.
79. Reiss H., Greenstreet S., Sieben K., Ehrich S., Piet G., Quirijns F., Robinson L., Wolff W., Kröncke I. Effects of fishing disturbance on benthic communities and secondary production within an intensively fished area. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2009, 394:201-213.
80. Reiss H., Degraer S., Duineveld G., Kröncke I., Craeymeersch J., Aldridge J.N., Eggleton J., Hillewaert H., Lavaleye M., Moll A., Pohlmann T., Rachor E., Robertson M., Vanden Berghe E., Van Hoey G., Rees H.L. Spatial patterns of infauna, epifauna and demersal fish communities and underlying processes in the North Sea. ICES Journal Marine Sciences 2010, 67:278-293.
81. Richardson K., Olsen O.V. Winter nutrient concentrations and primary production in the eastern North Sea. ICES C. M. 1987/C 1987, 23:1-14.
82. Richardson K., Nielsen T.G., Bo Pedersen F., Heilmann J.P., Lokkegaard B., Kaas H. Spatial heterogeneity in the structure of the planctonic food web in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1998, 168:197-211.
83. Riegman R., Malschaert H., Colijn F. Primary production of phytoplankton at a frontal zone located at the northern slope of the Dogger Bank (North Sea). Marine Biology 1990, 105:329-336.
84. Rijnsdorp A.D., van Leeuwen P.I. Changes in growth of North Sea plaice and its relation to density, eutrophication, beam trawl effort and temperature. ICES C.M. 1994/G 1994, 9.
85. Rijnssdorp A.D., Buys A.M., Storbeck F., Visser E.G. Micro-scale distribution of beam trawl effort in the southern North Sea between 1993 and 1996 in relation to the trawling frequency of the sea bed and the impact on benthic organisms. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences 1998, 55:403-419.
86. Russell F.S. A summary of the observations on the occurrence of planktonic stages of fish off Plymouth 1924-1952. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1973, 53:347-356.
87. Salzwedel H., Rachor E., Gerdes D. Benthic macrofauna communities in the German Bight. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven 1985, 20:199-267.
88. Sell, A., Kröncke, I. Links between benthic habitats and demersal fish assemblages on Dogger Bank (North Sea). ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, submitted for publication.
89. Sonnewald M., Türkay M. The megaepifauna of the Dogger Bank (North Sea): species composition and faunal characteristics 1991-2008. Helgoland Marine Research 2010, doi:10.1007/s10152-011-0247-2.
90. Southward A.J., Boalch G.T., Maddock L. Fluctuations in the herring and pilchard fisheries of Devon and Cornwall linked to change in climate since the 16th century. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 1988, 68:423-445.
91. Suarez M.J., Schopf P.S. A delayer action oscillator for ENSO. Journal for Atmospheric Science 1988, 45(21):3283-3287.
92. Swanson K.L., Tsonis A.A. Has the climate recently shifted?. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36. doi:10.1029/2008GL037022.
93. Tempelman, D., van der Wal, J.T., van Moorsel, G., de Kluijver, M., Lewis, W., Verduin, E., Vanagt, T., 2009. The macrobenthic fauna in the Dutch sector of the North Sea in 2008 and a comparison with previous data. Grontmij l AquaSense report 202462-3, p. 57.
94. Ursin E. Change in the composition of the bottom fauna of the Dogger Bank area. Nature 1952, 170:324.
95. Ursin E. Transplantation of plaice from the coast of Jutland to the Doggerbank in the years 1932-1938. Report of Danish Biological Studies 1952, 54(2):37-47.
96. Ursin E. Efficiency of marine bottom samplers of the van Veen and Petersen types. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskei- og Havundersogelser. Ny Serie 1954, 1(7):1-8.
97. Ursin E. A quantitative investigation of the echinoderm fauna of the central North Sea. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskei- og Havundersogelser, Ny Serie 1960, 2(24):1-204.
98. van Hoey G., Vincx M., Degraer S. Temporal variability in the Abra alba community determined by global and local events. Journal of Sea Research 2007, 58:144-155.
99. van Keeken O.A., van Hoppe M., Grift R.E., Rijnsdorp A.D. Changes in the spatial distribution of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and implications for fisheries management. Journal of Sea Research 2007, 57:187-197.
100. van Oostenbrugge, J.A.E., Bartelings, H., Buisman, F.C., 2010. Distribution maps for the North Sea fisheries; Methods and application in Natura 2000 areas. LEI report 2010-067, p. 122.
101. van Nes E.H., Amaro T., Scheffer M., Duineveld G.C.A. Possible mechanisms for a marine benthic regime shift in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2007, 330:39-47.
102. Wang G., Swanson K.L., Tsonis A.A. The pacemakers of major climate shifts. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36. 10.1029/2008GL036874.
103. Wallerstein P., Liebezeit G. Determination of photosynthetic pigments. Methods of Seawater Analysis 1999, 557-566. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim. K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, M. Ehrhard (Eds.).
104. Wieking G., Kröncke I. Decadal changes in macrofauna communities on the Dogger Bank caused by large-scale climate variability. Senckenbergiana maritima 2001, 31:125-141.
105. Wieking G., Kröncke I. Macrofauna communities of the Dogger Bank (central North Sea) in the late 1990s: spatial distribution, species composition and trophic structure. Helgoland Marine Research 2003, 57:34-46.
106. Wieking G., Kröncke I. Is benthic trophic structure affected by food quality? The Dogger Bank example. Marine Biology 2005, 146:387-400.
107. Wiltshire K.H., Manly B.F.J. The warming trend at Helgoland Roads, north Sea: phytoplankton response. Helgoland Marine Research 2004, 58:269-273.
108. Ziegelmeier E. Einwirkungen des kalten Winters 1962/63 auf das Makrobenthos im Ostteil der Deutschen Bucht. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1964, 10:276-282.