Nain-e havandi andrographis paniculata present yesterday, absent today: A plenary review on underutilized herb of Iran's pharmaceutical plants

Molecular Biology Reports

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 5409-5424

  Valdiani, Alireza ^a   Kadir, Mihdzar Abdul ^a   Tan, Soon Guan ^a   Talei, Daryush ^a   Abdullah, Mohd Puad ^a   Nikzad, Sonia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Andrographis paniculata (AP); Income creation; India; Iran; Medicinal plants; Nain e Havandi

Indexed keywords

14 DEOXY 11,12 DIDEHYDROANDROGRAPHOLIDEOS; ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACT; ANDROGRAPHOLIDE; CHLOROFORM; HERBACEOUS AGENT; METHANOL; TERPENOID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; DITERPENE;

ARTICLE; BEDTIME DOSAGE; BOTANY; COMMON COLD; COMMON COLD SYMPTOM; COUGHING; CYTOLOGY; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FEVER; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH RATE; HABITAT SELECTION; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; HUMAN; INFLUENZA; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; IRAN; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER PROTECTION; MALARIA; MEDICINAL PLANT; NONHUMAN; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PLANT BREEDING; PLANT TISSUE CULTURE; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; URTICARIA; WORM EXPULSION; ANDROGRAPHIS; ANIMAL; BREEDING; CHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW;

ACANTHACEAE; ANDROGRAPHIS; ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA; AVES;

ANDROGRAPHIS; ANIMALS; BREEDING; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DITERPENES; HUMANS; IRAN; PLANTS, MEDICINAL;

EID: 84861935572     PISSN: 03014851     EISSN: 15734978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1341-x     Document Type: Article

References (211)

1. Dubey NK, Kumar R, Tripathi P (2004) Global promotion of herbal medicine: India's opportunity. Curr Sci 86(1):37-41
2. Tavili A, Farajollahi A, Pouzesh H, Bandak E (2010) Treatment induced germination improvement in medicinal species of Foeniculum vulgare Miller and Cuscuta epithymum L. Mod Appl Sci 4(7):163-169
3. Mukhtar M, Arshad M, Ahmad M, Pomerantz RJ, Wigdahl B, Parveen Z (2008) Antiviral potentials of medicinal plants. Virus Res 131(2):111-120
4. DP UN (2002) Examples of the development of pharmaceutical products from medicinal plants. Promoting herbal drugs. Thailand 10:45-56
5. Meenatchisundaram S, Parameswari G, Michael A (2009) Studies on antivenom activity of Andrographis paniculata and Aristolochia indica plant extracts against Daboia russelli venom by in vivo and in vitro methods. Indian J Sci Technol 2(4):76-79
6. Hancke J, Burgos R, Caceres D, Wikman G (1995) A double blind study with a new monodrug Kan Jang: decrease of symptoms and improvement in the recovery from common colds. Phytother Res 9(8):559-562
7. Sharma SN, Sinha RK, Sharma DK, Jha Z (2009) Assessment of intra-specific variability at morphological, molecular and biochemical level of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh). Curr Sci 96(3):402-408
8. Chopra V (2003) New trends in Indo-Russian relations. Gyan Books, New Delhi, p 309
9. Sacks D, Murray O, Brody LR (2005) Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world. Facts on File, New York, p 412
10. Durand SHM (1908) Nadir Shah. London, A Constable and co ltd 352 Pages
11. Abu-Ghefreh AA, Canatan H, Ezeamuzie CI (2009) In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of andrographolide. Int Immunopharmacol 9(3):313-318
12. Prathanturarug S, Soonthornchareonnon N, Chuakul W, Saralamp P (2007) Variation in growth and diterpene lactones among field-cultivated Andrographis paniculata. J Nat Med 61:159-163
13. Mishra SK, Sangwan NS, Sangwan RS (2007) Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh): a review. Phcog Rev 1(2):283-298
14. Chiramel T, Bagyaraj DJ, Patil CSP (2006) Response of Andrographis paniculata to different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Agric Technol 2:221-228
15. Lattoo SK, Khan S, Dhar AK, Choudhary D, Gupta KK, Sharma PR (2006) Genetics and mechanism of induced male sterility in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and its significance. Curr Sci 91(4):515-519
16. Sabu KK (2002) Intraspecific variations in Andrographis paniculata Nees. PhD Thesis, Kerala University,Thiruvananthapuram, India
17. Rao YK, Vimalamma G, Rao CV, Tzeng YM (2004) Flavonoids and andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata. Phytochemistry 65(16):2317-2321
18. Hooker JD (1885) The flora of British India, Vol. IV. p.501. Henrietta Street, Convent Garden, London
19. Bhat VS, Nanavati DD (1977) Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (kalmegh). Indian Drugs 15:187-190
20. Ridley HN (1925) The Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Vol V. The Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Vol V
21. Backer CA, Van Den Brink Jr RCB (1965) Flora of Java, vol 2. Wolter-Noordhoff, Gronigen
22. Correll DS, Correll HB (1982) The flora of the bahama archipelago. J Cramer, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, p 1692
23. Fasola TR, Ayodele AE, Odetola AA, Umotok NE (2010) Foliar epidermal morphology and anti-diabetic property of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex. Nees. Ethnobot Leaflets 14:593-598
24. Staiger B, Kalb K, Grube M (2006) Phylogeny and phenotypic variation in the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota). Mycol Res 110(7):765-772
25. Archer AW, Elix JA (2007) New species and new reports in the Australian Graphidaceae. Telopea 11(4):451-462
26. Cheng YC, Liu BK, Jiang ZS, Duan YC (1991) Observations of chromosome numbers of several medical plants publication. J Hunan Agric Cytol Coll 11(2):166-170
27. Saggoo MI (1983) Cytomorphological studies on plants of economic importance of Bicarpellatae from India Publication. None listed Collation 259 Pages
28. Saggoo MI, Bir S (1986) Meiotic studies in certain members of family Acanthaceae from South India. J Indian Bot Soc 65(3):310-315
29. Govindarajan T, Subramanian D (1983) Karyomorphological studies in south Indian Acanthaceae. Cytologia 48(3):491-504
30. Roy SK, Datta PC (1988) Chromosomal biotypes of Andrographis paniculata in India and Bangladesh publication. Cytol Coll 53:369-378
31. Padmesh P, Sabu KK, Seeni S, Pushpangadan P (1999) The use of RAPD in assessing genetic variability in Andrographis paniculata Nees, a hepatoprotective drug. Curr Sci 76:833-835
32. Sabu KK, Padmesh P, Seeni S (2001) Intraspecific variation in active principle content and isozymes of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Kalmegh): a traditional hepatoprotective medicinal herb of India. J Med Aroma Pl Sci 23:637-647
33. Jebril AA, Saad MS, Stanslas J, Mihdzar AK, Ramisah M, Yong A (2003) Genetic variation and antitumor activity of Andrographis paniculata. Fifth National Genetic Congress, Kuala Lumpur
34. Melaku A, Saad MS, Yunus AG, Stanslas J (2003) Genetic diversity of Andrographis Paniculata Nees. germplasm in Malaysia. Fifth National Genetic Congress, Kuala Lumpur
35. Ng KT (2004) Morphological characterization of the Hempedu Bumi (Andrographis paniculata) germplasm from eastern part of Malaysia. Bachelor Thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
36. Maison T, Volkaert H, Boonprakob U, Paisooksantivatana Y (2005) Genetic diversity of Andrographis paniculata wall. ex Nees as revealed by morphological characters and molecular markers. Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 39:388-399
37. Saad MS, Chia SH, Melaku A, Ng KT, Jebril A, Stanslas J, Norlia Y, Yunusa AG (2006) Genetic diversity of Hempedu Bumi (Andrographis paniculata) germplasm in peninsular Malaysia as revealed by morphological character's variability. Proceeding: National Conference on Agrobiodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization. Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
38. Saad MS, Chia SH, A. Jebril MS, Ramisah H, Suharni N, Milan. AR (2006) Genetic diversity in Hempedu Bumi (Andrographis paniculata) germplasm in Malaysia as revealed by RAPD polymorphism. Agriculture congress. University Putra Malaysia 227-229
39. Talei D, Mihdzar AK, Yusop MK, Valdiani A, Puad MA (2012) Seed dormancy and germination in King of Bitters (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). J Agric Sci 4(5) (Under publication
40. Lattoo SK, Dhar RS, Khan S, Bamotra S, Bhan MK, Dhar AK, Gupta KK (2008) Comparative analysis of genetic diversity using molecular and morphometric markers in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55(1): 33-43
41. Sakuanrungsirikul S, Jetana A, Buddanoi P, Dithachaiyawong J (2008) Intraspecific variability assessment of Andrographis paniculata collections using molecular markers. Acta Hort (ISHS) 786:283-286
42. Chua KH, Li CG, Xue Charlie CL, Pang ECK (2009) Genetic diversity of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees of Brunei Darussalam determined by RAPD and PCR-RFLP analyses (Chapter 11) In: De Silva T, Bahorun T, Sahu M, Huong LM (eds) Treditional and Alternative Medicine Research and Policy. Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries. 594 pages
43. Chia SH (2009) Reproductive System and Genetic Diversity of Hempedu Bumi (Andrographis Paniculata) Germplasm in Peninsular Malaysia. Master Thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
44. Pandey AK, Mandal AK (2010) Variation in morphological characteristics and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees of Central India. Iranica J Energy Environ (IJEE) 1(2):165-169
45. Saraswathy S, Manavalan RSA, Vadivel E, Manian K, Subramanian S (2004) Studies on seed germination in kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). South Indian Hortic 52(1/6):286-290
46. Kumar RN, Chakraborty S, Nirmal KJI (2011) Methods to break seed dormancy of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.Nees): an important medicinal herb of tropical Asia. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2(1):143-146
47. Kumar B, Verma SK, Singh HP (2011) Effect of temperature on seed germination parameters in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees.). Ind Crops Prod 34:1241-1244
48. Khairul AR, H. SA, Asiah AM (2007) Growth performance of Hempedu Bumi (Andrographis paniculata) as affected by organic fertilizer rates. J Int Soc Southeast Asia Agric Sci 13(2):126-149
49. Nemade S, Mohod N, Wankhade SG, Paturde JT (2003) Effect of planting and harvesting dates on yield and quality of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata). J Med Arom Plant Sci 25(4): 981-983
50. Bhan MK, Dhar AK, Khan S, Lattoo SK, Gupta KK, Choudhary DK (2006) Screening and optimization of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees for total andrographolide content, yield and its components. Sci Hortic 107(4):386-391
51. Prasad PP, Joseph B (1997) Oushada Sasyemgalum Avayude Krishireethikalum (Malayalam). Nagarjuna Research Foundation, Thodupuzha, p 171
52. Joy PP, Thomas J, Mathew S, Skaria BP (2001) Medicinal Plants. In: Bose TK, Kabir J, Das P, Joy PP (eds) Tropical horticulture, vol 2. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, pp 449-632
53. Joshi DN, Bhojvaid PP, Dobriyal MJR (2003) Cultivation techniques for satavar (Asparagus racemosus) & kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata). Int J For Usufructs Manage (IJFUM) 4(2):70-72
54. Maibangsa S, Baruah BP, Mahanta TK, Maibangsa M, Singh KD, Sharma NN, Deka N, Borah RC, Talukdar A, Kataky JCS (2004) Rauwolfia serpentina, Andrographis paniculata and Asparagus racemosus-cultivation practices in hills zone of Assam, Proceedings of the national symposium on Biochemical approaches for utilization and exploitation of commercially important plants. Jorhat, India. 273-281
55. Parashar R, Upadhyay A, Singh J, Diwedi SK, Khan NA (2011) Morpho-physiological evaluation of Andrographis paniculata at different growth stages. World J Agric Sci 7(2):124-127
56. Man S, Singh A, Tripathi RS, Verma RK, Gupta MM (2011) Growth behavior, biomass and diterpenoid lactones production in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) strains at different population densities. Agric J 6(3):115-118
57. Sanjutha S, Subramanian S, Rani CI, Maheswari J (2008) Integrated nutrient management in Andrographis paniculata. Res J Agric Biol Sci 4(2):141-145
58. Wankhade SG, Khode PP, Wanjari SS, Paturde JT, Sakure SM (2005) Herb yield and quauty of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) as influenced by time of planting and harvesting. Indian J Agric Res 39(4):303-306
59. Talei D, Mihdzar AK, Yusop MK, Valdiani A, Puad MA (2012) Growth indices alteration in medicinal plant of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness. under salinity stress. J Agric Sci 4(4) (Under publication
60. Ramesh G, Shivanna MB, Santa Ram A (2011) Interactive influence of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of kalmegh. (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). Int Res J Pl Sci 2(1):16-21
61. Martin KP (2004) Plant regeneration protocol of medicinally important Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.)Wallich ex Nees via somatic embryogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Pl 40(2):204-209
62. Bowes BG (1969) The fine structure of wall modifications and associated structures in callus tissue of Andrographis paniculata Nees. New Phytol 68(3):619-626
63. Behera PR, Nayak P, Barik DP, Rautray TR, Thirunavoukkarasu M, Chand PK (2010) ED-XRF spectrometric analysis of comparative elemental composition of in vivo and in vitro roots of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: a multimedicinal herb. Appl Radiat Isot 68(12):2229-2236
64. Jalal MAF, Overton KH, Rycroft DS (1979) Formation of three new flavones by differentiating callus cultures of Andrographis paniculata. Phytochemistry 18(1):149-151
65. Boorsma WA (1896) Constituents of Andrographis paniculata. Med's Lands Plant 18:63
66. Gorter MK (1911) The bitter constituent of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Ree Trav Chim 30:151-160
67. Kleipool RJC (1952) Constituents of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Nature 169:33-34
68. Balmain A, Connolly JD (1973) Minor diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata Nees. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:1247-1251
69. Smith AB, Toder BH, Carroll PJ, Donohue J (1982) Andrographolide: an X-ray crystallographic analysis. J Chem Crystallogr 12(4):309-319
70. Chan WR, Taylor DR, Willis CR, Bodden HW (1971) The structure and stereochemistry of neoandrographolide, a diterpene glucoside from Andrographis paniculata Nees. Tetrahedron 27(21):5081-5091
71. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN (1990) Compendium of Indian medicinal plants, vol 3. CDRI Lucknow and PID, New Delhi, pp 441-443
72. Siripong P, Kongkathip B, Preechanukool K, Picha P, Tunsuwan K, Taylor WC (1992) Cytotoxic diterpenoid constituents from Andrographis paniculata Nees leaves. J Sci Soc Thailand 18(4):187-194
73. Sagineedu SR, Ng SL, Razak IA, Fun HK, Lajis NH, Stanslas J (2006) 3,19-(2,6-Dimethoxybenzylidene) andrographolide. Acta Cryst 62(12):5806-5808
74. Srivastava A, Misra H, Verma RK, Gupta MM (2004) Chemical fingerprinting of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC, HPTLC and densitometry. Phytochem Anal 15(5):280-285
75. Matsuda T,KuroyanagiM, Sugiyama S,UmeharaK,UenoA,Nishi K (1994) Cell differentiation-inducing diterpenes from Andrographis paniculata Nees. Chem Pharm Bull 42(6):1216-1225
76. Basak A, Cooper S, Roberge AG, Banik UK, Chretien M, Seidah NG (1999) Inhibition of proprotein convertases-1, 7 and furin by diterpines of Andrographis paniculata and their succinoyl esters. Biochem J 338(1):107-113
77. Jarukamjorn K, Nemoto N (2008) Pharmacological aspects of Andrographis paniculata on health and its major diterpenoid constituent andrographolide. J Health Sci 54(4):370-381
78. Ali ME, Biswas KM, Chowdhury SA (1972) Andrographis paniculata. VI. Root flavones and their sturcture. Pak J Sci Ind Res 15:33-36
79. Govindachari TR, Pal BR, Srinivasa M, Kalyanaram PS (1969) Investigations on Andrographis paniculata. Indian J chem 7:306-310
80. Xu HW, Dai GF, Liu GZ, Wang JF, Liu HM (2007) Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives: a new family of [alpha]-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 15(12):4247-4255
81. Thisoda P, Rangkadilok N, Pholphana N, Worasuttayangkurn L, Ruchirawat S, Satayavivad J (2006) Inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract and its active diterpenoids on platelet aggregation. Eur J Pharmacol 553(1-3):39-45
82. Kataky A, Handique PJ (2010) A brief overview on Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees., a high valued medicinal plant: boon over synthetic drugs. Asian J Sci Technol 6:113-118
83. Shahid A (2011) Andrographis paniculata: a review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. Altern Med Rev 16(1):66-77
84. Zoha MS, Hussain AH, Choudhuryand SA (1989) Antifertility effects of Andrographis paniculata in mice. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 15:34-37
85. Liu J, Wang ZT, Ge BX (2008) Andrograpanin, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits anti-inflammatory property in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage cells through downregulating the p38 MAPKs signaling pathways. Int immunopharm 8(7):951-958
86. Suebsasana S, Pongnaratorn P, Sattayasai J, Arkaravichien T, Tiamkao S, Aromdee C (2009) Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and toxic effects of andrographolide derivatives in experimental animals. Arch Pharm Res 32(9):1191-1200
87. Chandra R, Kumarappan CT, Kumar J, Mandal SC (2010) Antipyretic activity of JURU-01-a polyherbal formulation. Global J Pharmacol (GJP) 4(1):45-47
88. Chandrasekaran CV, Gupta A, Agarwal A (2010) Effect of an extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves on inflammatory and allergic mediators in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 129(2):203-207
89. Zhao HY, Fang WY (1991) Antithrombotic effects of Andrographis paniculata nees in preventing myocardial infarction. Chin Med J 104(9):770-775
90. Mamatha A, Kalpana SP, Purnima A, Kushal., Soujanya., Gokul (2010) Effect of gamma irradiation on pharmacological activity of Andrographis paniculata J Pharm Res 3(11):2638-2639
91. Sheeja K, Guruvayoorappan C, Kuttan G (2007) Antiangiogenic activity of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide. Int Immunopharmacol 7(2):211-221
92. Niranjan A, Tewari SK, Lehri A (2010) Biological activities of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) and its active principles: a review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1(2):125-135
93. Burgos RA, Hancke JL, Bertoglio JC, Aguirre V, Arriagada S, Calvo M, Cáceres DD (2009) Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 28(8):931-946
94. Rifa'i M (2010) Andrographolide ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis by promoting the development of regulatory T cells. J Trop Life Sci 1(1):5-8
95. Limsong J, Benjavongkulchai E, Kuvatanasuchati J (2004) Inhibitory effect of some herbal extracts on adherence of Streptococcus mutans. J Ethnopharmacol 92(2-3):281-289
96. Abubacker MN, Vasantha S (2010) Antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae) and its bioactive compound andrographolide. Drug Inv Today (DIT) 2:440-442
97. Aromdee C, Sriubolmas N, Wiyakrutta S, Suebsasna S, Khunkitti W (2011) Effect of the derivatives of andrographolide on the morphology of Bacillus subtilis. Arch Pharm Res 34(1):71-77
98. Xu Y, Chen A, Fry S, Barrow RA, Marshall RL, Mukkur T (2007) Modulation of immune response in mice immunised with an inactivated Salmonella vaccine and gavaged with Andrographis paniculata extract or andrographolide. Int Immunopharmacol 7(4):515-523
99. Sheeja K, Kuttan G (2007) Modulation of natural killer cell activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and antibodydependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity by andrographolide in normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Integr Cancer Ther 6(1):66-73
100. Jada SR, Subur GS, Matthews C, Hamzah AS, Lajis NH, Saad MS, Stevens MFG, Stanslas J (2007) Semisynthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of andrographolide analogues. Phytochemistry 68(6):904-912
101. Woo AYH, Waye MMY, Tsui SKW, Yeung STW, Cheng CHK (2008) Andrographolide up-regulates cellular-reduced glutathione level and protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 325(1):226-235
102. Zhang CY, Tan BKH (1997) Mechanisms of cardiovascular activity of Andrographis paniculata in the anaesthetized rat. J Ethnopharmacol 56(2):97-101
103. Borhanuddin M, Shamsuzzoha M, Hussain A (1994) Hypoglycaemic effects of Andrographis paniculata Nees on non-diabetic rabbits. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 20(1):24-26
104. Subramanian R, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A (2008) Effect of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees on a combination of fat-fed diet and low dose streptozotocin induced chronic insulin resistance in rats. Diabetol Croatica 37(1):13-22
105. Lee MJ, Rao YK, Chen K, Lee YC, Chung YS, Tzeng YM (2010) Andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata attenuate high glucose- induced fibrosis and apoptosis in murine renal mesangeal cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol 132(2):497-505
106. Shukla B, Visen PKS, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN (1992) Choleretic effect of andrographolide in rats and guinea pigs. Planta Med 58(2):146-149
107. Tripathi GS, Tripathi YB (1991) Choleretic action of andrographolide obtained from Andrographis paniculata in rats. Phytother Res 5(4):176-178
108. Gupta S, Yadava JNS, Tandon JS (1993) Antisecretory (antidiarrhoeal) activity of Indian medicinal plants against Escherichia coli enterotoxin-induced secretion in rabbit and guinea pig ileal loop models. Pharm Biol 31(3):198-204
109. Gupta S, Choudhry MA, Yadava JNS, Srivastava V, Tandon JS (1990) Antidiarrhoeal activity of diterpenes of Andrographis paniculata (Kal-Megh) against Escherichia coli enterotoxin in in vivo models. Pharm Biol 28(4):273-283
110. Farnsworth NR, Bunyapraphatsara N (1992) Thai medicinal plants (recommended for primary health care system), 1st edn. Prachachon Press, Bangkok, pp 130-142
111. Khalsa Singh KP, Tierra M (2008) The way of ayurvedic herbs. Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, p 380
112. Ko HC, Wei BL, Chiou WF (2006) The effect of medicinal plants used in Chinese folk medicine on RANTES secretion by virus-infected human epithelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol 107(2):205-210
113. Khare CP (2004) Indian herbal remedies: rational western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, botany. Springer Verlag, Berlin, p 525
114. Choudhury BR, Poddar MK (1984) Andrographolide and kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) extract: in vivo and in vitro effect on hepatic lipid peroxidation. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 6(9):481-485
115. Mehrotra R, Rawat S, Kulshreshtha DK, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN (1990) In vitro studies on the effect of certain natural products against hepatitis B virus. Indian J Med Res 92:133-138
116. Trivedi NP, Rawal UM, Patel BP (2007) Hepatoprotective effect of andrographolide against hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative injury. Integr Cancer Ther 6(3):271-280
117. Kapil A, Koul IB, Banerjee SK, Gupta BD (1993) Antihepatotoxic effects of major diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata. Biochem Pharmacol 46(1):182-185
118. Trivedi N, Rawal UM (2000) Hepatoprotective and toxicological evaluation of Andrographis paniculata on severe liver damage. Indian J Pharmacol 32(5):288-293
119. Dumrongsak P, Nadege B, Catherine A, Georges M, Alail B, Helene M (2009) Effect of Andrographis paninculata extract and Andrographolide on hepatic cyt P450 mRNA expression and monoxygenase activity after in vivo administration to rats and in vitro in rat and human hepatic cultures. Chem Biol Interact 179(2-3):247-255
120. Coon JT, Ernst E (2004) Andrographis paniculata in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Planta Med 70(4):293-298
121. Gairola S, Gupta V, Bansal P, Singh R, Maithani M (2010) Herbal antitussives and expectorants: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 5(2):5-9
122. Kokate CK, Gokhale MSB, Gokhale AS (2007) Cultivation of medicinal plants, 5th edn. Nirali Prakashan, Pune, pp 11-79
123. World Health Organization (1990) Medicinal plants in Vietnam. WHO Regional publication, Western pacific series. Manila 3:11-90
124. Wiart C, Kumar K, Yusof M, Hamimah H, Fauzi Z, Sulaiman M (2005) Antiviral properties of ENT labdene diterpenes of Andrographis paniculata Nees, inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1. Phytother Res 19(12):1069-1070
125. Puri A, Saxena R, Saxena RP, Saxena KC, Srivastava V, Tandon JS (1993) Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata. J Nat Prod 56(7):995-999
126. Choudhari AB, Rangari VD, Darvekar VMI (2011) Formulation development for treatment and management of HIV-Aids. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3(1):105-108
127. Chang RS, Ding L, Gai-Qing C, Smith KM (1991) Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester as an inhibitor against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 197:59-66
128. Basak A, Banik UK, Basak S, Seidah NG, Li S (2006) Evaluation of Anti-Proprotein Convertase Activity of Diterpene Andrographolid Derived Products. In: Khatib A-Majid (ed) Regulation of carcinogenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis by the proprotein convertases (PCs), a new potential strategy in cancer therapy. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 137-154
129. Reddy VLN, Reddy SM, Ravikanth V, Krishnaiah P, Goud TV, Rao T, Ram TS, Gonnade RG, Bhadbhade M, Venkateswarlu Y (2005) A new bis-andrographolide ether from Andrographis paniculata nees and evaluation of anti-HIV activity. Nat Prod Res 19(3):223-230
130. Calabrese C, Berman SH, Babish JG, Ma X, Shinto L, Dorr M, Wells K, Wenner CA, Standish LJ (2000) A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive patients and normal volunteers. Phytother Res 14(5):333-338
131. Lü W (1995) Prospect for study on treatment of AIDS with traditional Chinese medicine. J Tradit Chin Med 15:3-9
132. Liu J, Wang ZT, Ji LL (2007) In vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory activities of neoandrographolide. Am J Chin Med 35(2):317-328
133. Chao WW, Kuo YH, Lin BF (2010) Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Compounds from Andrographis paniculata by NF-KB Transactivation Inhibition. J Agric Food Chem (58):2505-2512
134. Yi-Feng X, Bu-Qing Y, Yi-Dan L, Jian-Guo W, Xiang-Jiu H, Xianfeng L, Xinsheng Y, Dawei M, Arne S, Robert PH, Nigel SK, Jian-Guo G (2004) Andrographolide Attenuates Inflammation by Inhibition of NF-B Activation through Covalent Modification of Reduced Cysteine 62 of p501. J Immunol (22):4207-4217
135. Das S, Gautam N, Dey SK, Maiti T, Roy S (2009) Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata Nees and vitamin E. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 34(2):124-135
136. Chan SJ, Wong W, Wong PTH, Bian JS (2010) Neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 161(3):668-679
137. Nik Najib NAR, Furuta T, Kojima S, Takane K, Mohd MA (1999) Antimalarial activity of extracts of Malaysian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 64(3):249-254
138. Dua VK, Ojha VP, Roy R, Joshi BC, Valecha N, Devi CU, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma VP, Subbarao SK (2004) Anti-malarial activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of Andrographis paniculata. J Ethnopharmacol 95(2-3):247-251
139. Mishra K, Dash AP, Swain BK, Dey N (2009) Anti-malarial activities of Andrographis paniculata and Hedyotis corymbosa extracts and their combination with curcumin. Malaria J 12:8-26
140. Shen YC, Chen CF, Chiou WF (2002) Andrographolide prevents oxygen radical production by human neutrophils: possible mechanism (s) involved in its anti inflammatory effect. Br J Pharmacol 135(2):399-406
141. Wang T, Liu B, Zhang W, Wilson B, Hong JS (2004) Andrographolide reduces inflammation-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures by inhibiting microglial activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308(3):975-983
142. Radhika P, Sastry BS, Harika B (2008) Antimicrobial screening of Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) root extracts. Res J Biotech 3(3):62-63
143. Singha PK, Roy S, Dey S (2003) Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata. Fitoterapia 74(7-8):692-694
144. Rao NK (2006) Anti-hyperglycemic and renal protective activities of Andrographis paniculata roots chloroform extract. Iranian J Pharm Ther (IJPT) 5(1):47-50
145. Singh P, Srivastava MM, Khemani LD (2009) Renoprotective effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees in rats. Ups J Med Sci 114(3):136-139
146. Lin FL, Wu SJ, Lee SC, Ng LT (2009) Antioxidant, antioedema and analgesic activities of Andrographis paniculata extracts and their active constituent andrographolide. Phytother Res 23(7):958-964
147. Sulaiman M, Zakaria Z, Abdul Rahman A, Mohamad A, Desa M, Stanslas J, Moin S, Israf D (2010) Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata in animal models. Biol Res Nurs 11(3):293
148. Deng WL (1978) Outline of current clinical and pharmacological research on Andrographis paniculata in China. Newsletter Chinese Herbal Med 10:27-31
149. Sheeja K, Shihab PK, Kuttan G (2006) Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the plant Andrographis paniculata Nees. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 28(1):129-140
150. Vasu S, Palaniyappan V, Badami S (2010) A novel microwaveassisted extraction for the isolation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata and its in vitro antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 24(16):1560-1567
151. Raj RK (1975) Screening of indigenous plants for anthelmintic action against human Ascaris lumbricoides: Part-II. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 19(1):47-49
152. Rakel D (2007) Integrative medicine, 2nd edn. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, p 1214
153. Caceres DD, Hancke JL, Burgos RA, Sandberg F, Wikman GK (1999) Use of visual analogue scale measurements (VAS) to asses the effectiveness of standardized Andrographis paniculata extract SHA-10 in reducing the symptoms of common cold. A randomized double blind-placebo study. Phytomedicine 6(4): 217-223
154. Caceres DD, Hancke JL, Burgos RA, Wikman GK (1997) Prevention of common colds with Andrographis paniculata dried extract: a pilot double blind trial. Phytomedicine 4:101-104
155. World Health Organization. (1993) ASEAN Countries Standard of ASEAN herbal medicine. Aksara Buana Printing, Jakarta 1:193-206
156. World Health Organization (2002) WHO Monographs on selected medicinal plants, Geneva, 2:12-24
157. Melchior J, Palm S, Wikman G (1997) Controlled clinical study of standardized Andrographis paniculata extract in common cold-a pilot trial. Phytomedicine 3:315-318
158. Melchior J, Spasov AA, Ostrovskij OV, Bulanov AE, Wikman G (2000) Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot and phase III study of activity of standardized Andrographis paniculata Herba Nees extract fixed combination (Kan jang) in the treatment of uncomplicated upper-respiratory tract infection. Phytomedicine 7(5):341-350
159. Muangman V, Viseshsindh V, Ratana-Olarn K, Buadilok S (1995) The usage of Andrographis paniculata following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). J Med Assoc Thai 78(6):310-312
160. Gabrielian ES, Shukarian AK, Goukasova GI, Chandanian GL, Panossian AG, Wikman G, Wagner H (2002) A double blind, placebo-controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis. Phytomedicine 9(7):589-597
161. Thamlikitkul V, Dechatiwongse T, Theerapong S, Chantrakul C, Boonroj P, Punkrut W, Ekpalakorn W, Boontaeng N, Taechaiya S, Petcharoen S, Riewpaiboon W (1991) Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata, Nees for pharyngotonsillitis in adults. J Med Assoc Thai 74:437-442
162. Langone Medical Centre (2010) Herbs and suppliments: Andrographis paniculata. EBSCO Publishing. 5 Pages
163. Roy DN, Sen G, Chowdhury KD, Biswas T (2011) Combination therapy with andrographolide and D-penicillamine enhanced therapeutic advantage over monotherapy with D-penicillamine in attenuating fibrogenic response and cell death in the periportal zone of liver in rats during copper toxicosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 250:54-68
164. Chang HM, But PPH, Yao SC, Wang LL, Yeung SCS (1986) Pharmacology and applications of Chinese materia medica, Vols 1 & 2. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 1:918-928
165. Xue-jun Y, De-xiang L, Hechuan W, Yu Z (1991) A study on the mutagenicity of 102 raw pharmaceuticals used in Chinese traditional medicine. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol 260(1):73-82
166. Akbarsha M, Manivannan B, Shahul H (1990) Antifertility effect of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in male albino rat. Indian J Exp Biol 28(5):421-426
167. State Administration TCM (1998) Chinese herbal medicine. Shanghai Science and Technology, 2:17-67
168. Burgos RA, Caballero EE, Sanchez NS, Schroeder RA, Wikman GK, Hancke JL (1997) Testicular toxicity assesment of Andrographis paniculata dried extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 58(3):219-224
169. Burgos RA, Aguila MJ, Santiesteban E (2001) Andrographis paniculata (Ness) induces relaxation of uterus by blocking voltage operated calcium channels and inhibits Ca?2 influx. Phytother Res 15(3):235-239
170. Spasov AA, Ostrovskij OV, Chernikov MV, Wikman G (2004) Comparative controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination, Kan Jang and an echinacea preparation as adjuvant, in the treatment of uncomplicated respiratory disease in children. Phytother Res 18(1):47-53
171. Kulichenko L, Kireyeva L, Malyshkina E, Wikman G (2003) A randomized, controlled study of Kan Jang versus amantadine in the treatment of influenza in Volgograd. J Herb Pharmacother 3(1):77-93
172. Mkrtchyan A, Panosyan V, Panossian A, Wikman G, Wagner H (2005) A phase I clinical study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang (TM) versus ginseng and valerian on the semen quality of healthy male subjects. Phytomedicine 12(6-7): 403-409
173. Fauziah S, Putra H, Rasyid L (2009) The effect of combinafios of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract and Andrographis Paniculate Ness. extract on human gallbladder. Agrobiotechnol 1:58-61
174. Pawar Pk, Sharma S, Singh KC, Sharma RK (2011) Physicochemical standardisation and development of HPTLC method for the determination of andrographonin in kalmegh navayasloha: an ayurvedic formulation. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm (IJRAP) 2(1):295-301
175. Reyes BAS, Bautista ND, Tanquilut NC, Anunciado RV, Leung AB, Sanchez GC, Magtoto RL, Castronuevo P, Tsukamura H, Maeda KI (2006) Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 105(1-2):196-200
176. Mishra US, Mishra A, Kumari R, Murthy PN, Naik BS (2009) Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata. Indian J Pharm Sci 71(4):436-438
177. Chao WW, Kuo YH, Hsieh SL, Lin BF (2011) Inhibitory effects of ethyl acetate extract of Andrographis paniculata on NF-B trans-activation activity and LPS-induced acute inflammation in mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011:1-9
178. Rafat A, Philip K, Muniandy S (2010) Antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of selected parts of Andrographis paniculata. J Med Plants Res 4(3):197-202
179. Silja VP, Samitha Varma K, Mohanan KV (2008) Ethnomedicinal plant knowledge of the Mullu kuruma tribe of Wayanad district, Kerala. Indian J Tradit Know 7(4):604-612
180. Nesari T, Bhagwat BK, Johnson J, Bhatt NS, Chitre D (2005) Clinical validation of efficacy and safety of herbal Cough Formula. J Herb Pharmacother 4(4):1-12
181. Patil DA (2011) Ethnomedicine to modern medicine: genesis through ages. J Exp Sci (JES) 2(3):25-29
182. Nagaraja TG, Deshmukh SM (2009) Phytotoxic effect of Andrographis paniculata Nees on metabolism of Parthenium hysterophorus L. J Biopest 2(2):165-167
183. Kuppusamy C, Murgan K (2009) Mosquitocidal effect of Andographis paniculata Nees against the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: culicidae). Int J Integr Biol 5(2): 75-81
184. Mathivanan R, Edwin SC, Amutha R, Viswanathan K (2006) Panchagavya and Andrographis paniculata as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoter on broiler production and carcass characteristics. Int J Poult Sci 5(12):1144-1150
185. Tipakorn N (2002) Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees on performance, mortality and coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Institute of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. Georg-August Universitat, Gottingen
186. Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra CI (1992) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, 3rd edn. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p 246
187. Karami M, Alimon AR, Goh YM (2011) Effect of vitamin E, Andrographis paniculata and turmeric as dietary antioxidant supplementation on lipid and color stability of goat meat. Small Ruminant Res 97:67-71
188. Karami M, Alimon A, Sazili A, Goh Y, Ivan M (2011) Effects of dietary antioxidants on the quality, fatty acid profile, and lipid oxidation of longissimus muscle in kacang goat with aging time. Meat Sci 88:102-108
189. Chansue N (2006) Efficacies of dry Indian almond leaf (Terminalia catappa) and Andrographis paniculata (Burn. F) wall. ex nees extract on tail growth and hematocrit of fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J Thai Vet Med Assoc 57(2):52-62
190. Tondiew C, Jintasataporn O, Tabthipwon P, Chumkam S (2007) Effect of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and Fahtalaijons (Andrographis paniculata) on pigmentation and phagocytosis in goldfish (Carasius auratus) Proceedings of the 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart University, Thailand. 538-546
191. Dutta A, Sukul NC (1982) Filaricidal properties of a wild herb, Andrographis paniculata. J Helminthol 56(2):81-84
192. Ghosh M, Thangaman D, Thapliyal M, Yasodha R, Gurumurth K (2004) Purification of antifungal protein against blister bark pathogen of Casuarina equisetifolia JR Forster et G. Forster. Acta Bot Croat 63:75-81
193. Singh A, Singh VK, Quraishi MA (2010) Aqueous extract of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) leaves as green inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. Int J Corrosion 2010:1-10
194. Bhatnagar P, A., Raikwar N, Lodhi S, Mishra A (2008) Marketing Information Service of medicinal plants in Central India. In: Report of the national workshop on sustainable management of Non Timber Forest Products Organized by RCDC and TFRI Jabalpur, India
195. Sajwan BS (2008) Medicinal plants scenario in india-government initiatives towards resource security and quality assurance for increased trade and commerce. In: International conclave on medicinal plants for ASEAN and BIMSTEC countries Lamphelpat, Imphal, India, pp 11-25
196. Karuppusamy S, Kalimuthu K (2010) Rapid in vitro multiplication and plant regeneration from nodal explants of Andrographis neesiana: a valuable endemic medicinal plant. Adv Biol Res 4(4):211-216
197. Colfer CJP, Sheil D, Kaimowitz D, Kishi M (2006) Forests and human health in the tropics: some important connections. Unasylva 224(57):3-10
198. Hansda R (2009) The outlook for non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific. Working Paper No. APFSOS II/WP/2009/18. Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study II Working Paper Series. FAO, Bangkok
199. FAO (2003) Projections of tobacco production, consumption and trade to the year 2010. Rome, Italy. 101 Pages
200. Gadgil M (2004) Karnataka state biodiversity strategy and action plan (KBSAP). Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, p 418
201. Pushpangadan P, Nair KN, Ahmad MR (2001) Biodiversity and Medicinal Plant Wealth of South Asian Countries. UNESCO sponsored "Regional Training Programme on Biodiversity Systematics: Evaluation and Monitoring with Emphasis on Medicinal Plants" held at NBRI Lucknow, India
202. Verma N, Vinayak M (2008) Antioxidant action of Andrographis paniculata on lymphoma. Mol Biol Rep 35:535-540
203. Merawin LT, Arifah AK, Sani RA, Somchit MN, Zuraini A, Ganabadi S, Zakaria ZA (2010) Screening of microfilaricidal effects of plant extracts against Dirofilaria immitis. Res Vet Sci 88:142-147
204. Yoshida S (1981) Fundamentals of rice crop science. The International Rice Reasearch Institute, Las Banos
205. Anonymous (2007) National Medicinal Plant Board, Asia- Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study II. Country report, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, India
206. Kala CP, Dhyani PP, Sajwan BS (2006) Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: challenges and opportunities. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:32
207. Moideen SVK (2008) Review of medicinal plants status in Malaysia. In: International conclave on medicinal plants for ASEAN and BIMSTE Ccountries Lamphelpat, Imphal, India, pp 26-29
208. Chuthaputti A, Chawapradit P (2008) Current situation of medicinal plant cultivation and utilization in Thailand. In: International conclave on medicinal plants for ASEAN and BIMSTEC countries Lamphelpat, Imphal, India, pp 44-51
209. Natarajan D, Britto SJ, Balaguru B, Nagamurugan N, Soosairaj S, Arockiasamy DI (2003) Identification of conservation priority sites using remote sensing and GIS: a case study from Chitteri hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Curr Sci 86(9):1316-1323
210. Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Thongnest S, Ruchirawat S, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J (2004) Determination and variation of three active diterpenoids in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. Phytochem Anal 15(6):365-371
211. Shivaprasad HN, Pharm M (2008) Expectations of natural/herbal products industry. In: International conclave on medicinal plants for ASEAN and BIMSTEC countries Lamphelpat, Imphal, India, pp 78-82