Advanced glycation endproducts and their pathogenic roles in neurological disorders

Amino Acids

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1221-1236

  Münch, Gerald ^a,c   Westcott, Bernadette ^a   Menini, Teresita ^b   Gugliucci, Alejandro ^b  

^a Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine   (Australia)

^b TOURO UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Advanced glycation endproducts; Alzheimer's disease; Diabetes; Inflammation; Methylglyoxal; NF kB

Indexed keywords

3 DEOXYGLUCOSONE; 6 N CARBOXYMETHYLLYSINE; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; AMINOGUANIDINE; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; BENFOTIAMINE; DIHYDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE; GENTAMICIN; GLYCERALDEHYDE 3 PHOSPHATE; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP B1 PROTEIN; HYDRALAZINE; HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; ISONIAZID; LACTOYLGLUTATHIONE LYASE; METHYLGLYOXAL; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THIAMINE; THIOCTIC ACID; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END-PRODUCT RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR;

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; BIOACCUMULATION; CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME DEFICIENCY; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; HUMAN; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROTOXICITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CROSS LINKING; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; REVIEW; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE DEFICIENCY; ANIMAL; GLYCOSYLATION; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS, ADVANCED; HUMANS; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84861471702     PISSN: 09394451     EISSN: 14382199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0777-y     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Ahmed N (2005) Advanced glycation endproducts - role in pathology of diabetic complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 67(1):3-21 (Pubitemid 40037725)
2. Ahmed N, Battah S, Karachalias N, Babaei-Jadidi R, Horanyi M, Baroti K, Hollan S, Thornalley PJ (2003) Increased formation of methylglyoxal and protein glycation, oxidation and nitrosation in triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta 1639(2):121-132 (Pubitemid 38366216)
3. Andersson A, Covacu R, Sunnemark D, Danilov AI, Dal Bianco A, Khademi M, Wallstrom E, Lobell A, Brundin L, Lassmann H, Harris RA (2008) Pivotal advance: Hmgb1 expression in active lesions of human and experimental multiple sclerosis. J Leukoc Biol 84(5):1248-1255
4. Anzai Y, Hayashi M, Fueki N, Kurata K, Ohya T (2006) Protracted juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis - an autopsy report and immunohistochemical analysis. Brain Dev 28(7):462-465
5. Arya R, Lalloz MR, Nicolaides KH, Bellingham AJ, Layton DM (1996) Prenatal diagnosis of triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Blood 87(11):4507-4509 (Pubitemid 26162356)
6. Berbaum K, Shanmugam K, Stuchbury G, Wiede F, Korner H, Münch G (2008) Induction of novel cytokines and chemokines by advanced glycation endproducts determined with a cytometric bead array. Cytokine 41(3):198-203
7. Bierhaus A, Haslbeck KM, Humpert PM, Liliensiek B, Dehmer T, Morcos M, Sayed AA, Andrassy M, Schiekofer S, Schneider JG, Schulz JB, Heuss D, Neundorfer B, Dierl S, Huber J, Tritschler H, Schmidt AM, Schwaninger M, Haering HU, Schleicher E, Kasper M, Stern DM, Arnold B, Nawroth PP (2004) Loss of pain perception in diabetes is dependent on a receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Clin Invest 114(12):1741-1751 (Pubitemid 40385530)
8. Bigl K, Gaunitz F, Schmitt A, Rothemund S, Schliebs R, Münch G, Arendt T (2008) Cytotoxicity of advanced glycation endproducts in human micro- and astroglial cell lines depends on the degree of protein glycation. J Neural Transm 115(11):1545-1556
9. Blatnik M, Frizzell N, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW (2008) Inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by fumarate in diabetes: Formation of s-(2-succinyl)cysteine, a novel chemical modification of protein and possible biomarker of mitochondrial stress. Diabetes 57(1):41-49
10. Braak H, Braak E (1988) Neuropil threads occur in dendrites of tangle-bearing nerve cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 14(1):39-44
11. Brownlee M (1995) Advanced protein glycosylation in diabetes and aging. Annu Rev Med 46:223-234
12. Bucht G, Adolfsson R, Lithner F, Winblad B (1983) Changes in blood glucose and insulin secretion in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Acta Med Scand 213(5):387-392 (Pubitemid 13062562)
13. Cameron NE, Cotter MA (1993) Potential therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of diabetic neuropathy: evidence from experimental studies. Diabet Med 10(7):593-605 (Pubitemid 23246776)
14. Cameron NE, Cotter MA (2008) Pro-inflammatory mechanisms in diabetic neuropathy: focus on the nuclear factor kappa b pathway. Curr Drug Targets 9(1):60-67 (Pubitemid 351209290)
15. Cameron NE, Eaton SE, Cotter MA, Tesfaye S (2001) Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 44(11):1973-1988 (Pubitemid 33124042)
16. Carini M, Aldini G, Beretta G, Arlandini E, Facino RM (2003) Acrolein-sequestering ability of endogenous dipeptides: characterization of carnosine and homocarnosine/acrolein adducts by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 38(9):996-1006 (Pubitemid 37121817)
17. Carubelli R, Schneider JE Jr, Pye QN, Floyd RA (1995) Cytotoxic effects of autoxidative glycation. Free Radic Biol Med 18(2):265-269
18. Castellani R, Smith MA, Richey PL, Perry G (1996) Glycoxidation and oxidative stress in Parkinson disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. Brain Res 737(1-2):195-200 (Pubitemid 26366614)
19. Castellani RJ, Harris PL, Sayre LM, Fujii J, Taniguchi N, Vitek MP, Founds H, Atwood CS, Perry G, Smith MA (2001) Active glycation in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease: N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl) lysine and hexitol-lysine. Free Radic Biol Med 31(2):175-180 (Pubitemid 32607584)
20. Celotto AM, Frank AC, Seigle JL, Palladino MJ (2006) Drosophila model of human inherited triosephosphate isomerase deficiency glycolytic enzymopathy. Genetics 174(3):1237-1246 (Pubitemid 44808296)
21. Chavakis T, Bierhaus A, Al-Fakhri N, Schneider D, Witte S, Linn T, Nagashima M, Morser J, Arnold B, Preissner KT, Nawroth PP (2003) The pattern recognition receptor (rage) is a counterreceptor for leukocyte integrins: a novel pathway for inflammatory cell recruitment. J Exp Med 198(10):1507-1515 (Pubitemid 37467165)
22. Chou SM, Wang HS, Taniguchi A, Bucala R (1998) Advanced glycation endproducts in neurofilament conglomeration of motoneurons in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Med 4(5):324-332 (Pubitemid 28361656)
23. Cochrane SM, Furth AJ (1993) The role of bound lipid and transition metal in the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation endproducts by human serum albumin. Biochem Soc Trans 21(2):97S (Pubitemid 23167765)
24. D'Amelio M, Ragonese P, Callari G, Di Benedetto N, Palmeri B, Terruso V, Salemi G, Famoso G, Aridon P, Savettieri G (2009) Diabetes preceding Parkinson's disease onset. A case-control study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(9):660-664
25. Dalfo E, Portero-Otin M, Ayala V, Martinez A, Pamplona R, Ferrer I (2005) Evidence of oxidative stress in the neocortex in incidental Lewy body disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64(9):816-830 (Pubitemid 41285815)
26. Deuther-Conrad W, Loske C, Schinzel R, Dringen R, Riederer P, Münch G (2001) Advanced glycation endproducts change glutathione redox status in sh-sy5y human neuroblastoma cells by a hydrogen peroxide dependent mechanism. Neurosci Lett 312(1):29-32 (Pubitemid 32907545)
27. Du X, Matsumura T, Edelstein D, Rossetti L, Zsengeller Z, Szabo C, Brownlee M (2003) Inhibition of gapdh activity by poly(adpribose) polymerase activates three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage in endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 112(7):1049-1057 (Pubitemid 38056320)
28. Dukic-Stefanovic S, Schinzel R, Riederer P, Münch G (2001) Ages in brain ageing: age-inhibitors as neuroprotective and anti-dementia drugs? Biogerontology 2(1):19-34 (Pubitemid 32780866)
29. Dukic-Stefanovic S, Gasic-Milenkovic J, Deuther-Conrad W, Münch G (2003) Signal transduction pathways in mouse microglia n-11 cells activated by advanced glycation endproducts (ages). J Neurochem 87(1):2609-2615
30. Duran-Jimenez B, Dobler D, Moffatt S, Rabbani N, Streuli CH, Thornalley PJ, Tomlinson DR, Gardiner NJ (2009) Advanced glycation end products in extracellular matrix proteins contribute to the failure of sensory nerve regeneration in diabetes. Diabetes 58(12):2893-2903
31. Fiuza C, Bustin M, Talwar S, Tropea M, Gerstenberger E, Shelhamer JH, Suffredini AF (2003) Inflammation-promoting activity of hmgb1 on human microvascular endothelial cells. Blood 101(7):2652-2660 (Pubitemid 36857626)
32. Fujisawa Y, Sasaki K, Akiyama K (1991) Increased insulin levels after ogtt load in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. Biol Psychiatry 30(12):1219-1228
33. Gasic-Milenkovic J, Loske C, Deuther-Conrad W, Münch G (2001) Protein "ageing" - cytotoxicity of a glycated protein increases with its degree of age-modification. Z Gerontol Geriatr 34(6):457-460 (Pubitemid 34087418)
34. Gasic-Milenkovic J, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Deuther-Conrad W, Gartner U, Münch G (2003) Beta-amyloid peptide potentiates inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide, interferongamma and 'advanced glycation endproducts' in a murine microglia cell line. Eur J Neurosci 17(4):813-821 (Pubitemid 36315251)
35. Gasser A, Forbes JM (2008) Advanced glycation: implications in tissue damage and disease. Protein Pept Lett 15(4):385-391 (Pubitemid 351679341)
36. Gerdemann A, Lemke HD, Nothdurft A, Heidland A, Münch G, Bahner U, Schinzel R (2000) Low-molecular but not highmolecular advanced glycation end products (ages) are removed by high-flux dialysis. Clin Nephrol 54(4):276-283
37. Girones X, Guimera A, Cruz-Sanchez CZ, Ortega A, Sasaki N, Makita Z, Lafuente JV, Kalaria R, Cruz-Sanchez FF (2004) N epsiloncarboxymethyllysine in brain aging, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 36(10):1241-1247 (Pubitemid 38526318)
38. Gnerer JP, Kreber RA, Ganetzky B (2006) Wasted away, a drosophila mutation in triosephosphate isomerase, causes paralysis, neurodegeneration, and early death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(41):14987-14993 (Pubitemid 44583152)
39. Gotz J (2001) Tau and transgenic animal models. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 35(3):266-286 (Pubitemid 32566200)
40. Gros-Louis F, Gaspar C, Rouleau GA (2006) Genetics of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1762(11-12):956-972 (Pubitemid 44781174)
41. Hamada K, Kato M, Shimizu T, Ihara K, Mizuno T, Hakoshima T (2005) Crystal structure of the protein histidine phosphatase sixa in the multistep his-asp phosphorelay. Genes Cells 10(1):1-11 (Pubitemid 40352613)
42. Haslbeck KM, Schleicher E, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Haslbeck M, Neundorfer B, Heuss D (2005) The age/rage/nf-(kappa)b pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of polyneuropathy in impaired glucose tolerance (igt). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 113(5):288-291 (Pubitemid 40868185)
43. Haslbeck KM, Neundorfer B, Schlotzer-Schrehardtt U, Bierhaus A, Schleicher E, Pauli E, Haslbeck M, Hecht M, Nawroth P, Heuss D (2007) Activation of the rage pathway: a general mechanism in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathies? Neurol Res 29(1):103-110 (Pubitemid 46185078)
44. Hipkiss AR (2007) Could carnosine or related structures suppress Alzheimer's disease? J Alzheimers Dis 11(2):229-240 (Pubitemid 47010978)
45. Horie K, Miyata T, Yasuda T, Takeda A, Yasuda Y, Maeda K, Sobue G, Kurokawa K (1997) Immunohistochemical localization of advanced glycation end products, pentosidine, and carboxymethyllysine in lipofuscin pigments of Alzheimer's disease and aged neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 236(2):327-332 (Pubitemid 27373293)
46. Hoyer S (1998) Is sporadic Alzheimer disease the brain type of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus? A challenging hypothesis. J Neural Transm 105(4-5):415-422 (Pubitemid 28365026)
47. Hoyer S (2004) Glucose metabolism and insulin receptor signal transduction in Alzheimer disease. Eur J Pharmacol 490(1-3):115-125 (Pubitemid 38482165)
48. Huijberts MS, Schaper NC, Schalkwijk CG (2008) Advanced glycation end products and diabetic foot disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24(Suppl 1):S19-S24 (Pubitemid 351802767)
49. Ilzecka J (2009) Serum-soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 120(2):119-122
50. Iwata H, Ukeda H, Maruyama T, Fujino T, Sawamura M (2004) Effect of carbonyl compounds on red blood cells deformability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321(3):700-706 (Pubitemid 39118395)
51. Jerums G, Panagiotopoulos S, Forbes J, Osicka T, Cooper M (2003) Evolving concepts in advanced glycation, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic vascular disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 419(1):55-62 (Pubitemid 37272160)
52. Kalousova M, Zima T, Tesar V, Dusilova-Sulkova S, Skrha J (2005) Advanced glycoxidation end products in chronic diseases - clinical chemistry and genetic background. Mutat Res 579(1-2):37-46 (Pubitemid 41540131)
53. Kato S, Takikawa M, Nakashima K, Hirano A, Cleveland DW, Kusaka H, Shibata N, Kato M, Nakano I, Ohama E (2000) New consensus research on neuropathological aspects of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) gene mutations: inclusions containing sod1 in neurons and astrocytes. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 1(3):163-184
54. Kikuchi S, Shinpo K, Ogata A, Tsuji S, Takeuchi M, Makita Z, Tashiro K (2002) Detection of n epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (cml) and non-cml advanced glycation end-products in the anterior horn of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 3(2):63-68
55. Kikuchi S, Shinpo K, Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S, Makita Z, Sasaki N, Tashiro K (2003) Glycation - a sweet tempter for neuronal death. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 41(2-3):306-323 (Pubitemid 36349690)
56. Kimura T, Takamatsu J, Araki N, Goto M, Kondo A, Miyakawa T, Horiuchi S (1995) Are advanced glycation end-products associated with amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease? Neuroreport 6(6):866-868
57. King RH (2001) The role of glycation in the pathogenesis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Mol Pathol 54(6):400-408 (Pubitemid 34025255)
58. Ko LW, Ko EC, Nacharaju P, Liu WK, Chang E, Kenessey A, Yen SH (1999) An immunochemical study on tau glycation in paired helical filaments. Brain Res 830(2):301-313 (Pubitemid 29297958)
59. Kodl CT, Seaquist ER (2008) Cognitive dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 29(4):494-511 (Pubitemid 351831510)
60. Krautwald M, Münch G (2010) Advanced glycation end products as biomarkers and gerontotoxins - a basis to explore methylglyoxal- lowering agents for Alzheimer's disease? Exp Gerontol 45:744-751
61. Kuhla B, Loske C, Garcia De Arriba S, Schinzel R, Huber J, Münch G (2004) Differential effects of "advanced glycation endproducts" and beta-amyloid peptide on glucose utilization and atp levels in the neuronal cell line sh-sy5y. J Neural Transm 111(3):427-439 (Pubitemid 38316614)
62. Langemann H, Kabiersch A, Newcombe J (1992) Measurement of low-molecular-weight antioxidants, uric acid, tyrosine and tryptophan in plaques and white matter from patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol 32(5):248-252
63. Ledesma MD, Bonay P, Colaco C, Avila J (1994) Analysis of microtubule-associated protein tau glycation in paired helical filaments. J Biol Chem 269(34):21614-21619 (Pubitemid 24274797)
64. Loske C, Neumann A, Cunningham AM, Nichol K, Schinzel R, Riederer P, Münch G (1998) Cytotoxicity of advanced glycation endproducts is mediated by oxidative stress. J Neural Transm 105(8-9):1005-1015 (Pubitemid 28539843)
65. Loske C, Gerdemann A, Schepl W, Wycislo M, Schinzel R, Palm D, Riederer P, Münch G (2000) Transition metal-mediated glycoxidation accelerates cross-linking of beta-amyloid peptide. Eur J Biochem 267(13):4171-4178 (Pubitemid 30436113)
66. Lukic IK, Humpert PM, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A (2008) The rage pathway: activation and perpetuation in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126:76-80 (Pubitemid 351589321)
67. Lüth HJ, Ogunlade V, Kuhla B, Kientsch-Engel R, Stahl P, Webster J, Arendt T, Münch G (2005) Age- and stage-dependent accumulation of advanced glycation end products in intracellular deposits in normal and Alzheimer's disease brains. Cereb Cortex 15(2):211-220 (Pubitemid 40111081)
68. Miyata S, Liu BF, Shoda H, Ohara T, Yamada H, Suzuki K, Kasuga M (1997) Accumulation of pyrraline-modified albumin in phagocytes due to reduced degradation by lysosomal enzymes. J Biol Chem 272(7):4037-4042 (Pubitemid 27078465)
69. Monnier VM, Cerami A (1981) Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins. Science 211(4481):491-493 (Pubitemid 11145319)
70. Mullarkey CJ, Edelstein D, Brownlee M (1990) Free radical generation by early glycation products: a mechanism for accelerated atherogenesis in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173(3):932-939
71. Münch G, Taneli Y, Schraven E, Schindler U, Schinzel R, Palm D, Riederer P (1994) The cognition-enhancing drug tenilsetam is an inhibitor of protein crosslinking by advanced glycosylation. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 8(3):193-208
72. Münch G, Mayer S, Michaelis J, Hipkiss AR, Riederer P, Muller R, Neumann A, Schinzel R, Cunningham AM (1997a) Influence of advanced glycation end-products and age-inhibitors on nucleation- dependent polymerization of beta-amyloid peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta 1360(1):17-29 (Pubitemid 27083656)
73. Münch G, Thome J, Foley P, Schinzel R, Riederer P (1997b) Advanced glycation endproducts in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 23(1-2):134-143 (Pubitemid 27090752)
74. Münch G, Schinzel R, Loske C, Wong A, Durany N, Li JJ, Vlassara H, Smith MA, Perry G, Riederer P (1998) Alzheimer's disease- synergistic effects of glucose deficit, oxidative stress and advanced glycation endproducts. J Neural Transm 105(4-5):439-461 (Pubitemid 28365028)
75. Münch G, Schicktanz D, Behme A, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Palm D, Schinzel R (1999) Amino acid specificity of glycation and protein-age crosslinking reactivities determined with a dipeptide spot library. Nat Biotechnol 17(10):1006-1010 (Pubitemid 29474858)
76. Münch G, Lüth HJ, Wong A, Arendt T, Hirsch E, Ravid R, Riederer P (2000) Crosslinking of alpha-synuclein by advanced glycation endproducts - an early pathophysiological step in Lewy body formation? J Chem Neuroanat 20(3-4):253-257 (Pubitemid 32162884)
77. Muscat S, Pelka J, Hegele J, Weigle B, Münch G, Pischetsrieder M (2007) Coffee and maillard products activate nf-kappab in macrophages via h(2)o(2) production. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:525-535 (Pubitemid 47083689)
78. Obrosova IG (2002) How does glucose generate oxidative stress in peripheral nerve? Int Rev Neurobiol 50:3-35
79. Obrosova IG (2003) Update on the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep 3(6):439-445 (Pubitemid 38906803)
80. Obrosova IG (2009) Diabetes and the peripheral nerve. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792(10):931-940
81. Obrosova IG, Li F, Abatan OI, Forsell MA, Komjati K, Pacher P, Szabo C, Stevens MJ (2004) Role of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 53(3): 711-720 (Pubitemid 38270641)
82. Olah J, Orosz F, Keseru GM, Kovari Z, Kovacs J, Hollan S, Ovadi J (2002) Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency: a neurodegenerative misfolding disease. Biochem Soc Trans 30(2):30-38
83. Orosz F, Olah J, Alvarez M, Keseru GM, Szabo B, Wagner G, Kovari Z, Horanyi M, Baroti K, Martial JA, Hollan S, Ovadi J (2001) Distinct behavior of mutant triosephosphate isomerase in hemolysate and in isolated form: molecular basis of enzyme deficiency. Blood 98(10):3106-3112
84. Ortwerth BJ, James H, Simpson G, Linetsky M (1998) The generation of superoxide anions in glycation reactions with sugars, osones, and 3-deoxyosones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245(1): 161-165 (Pubitemid 28414263)
85. Ott A, Stolk RP, van Harskamp F, Pols HA, Hofman A, Breteler MM (1999) Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: the rotterdam study. Neurology 53(9):1937-1942
86. Pacher P, Obrosova IG, Mabley JG, Szabo C (2005) Role of nitrosative stress and peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Emerging new therapeutical strategies. Curr Med Chem 12(3):267-275 (Pubitemid 40305619)
87. Pasinelli P, Brown RH (2006) Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics. Nat Rev Neurosci 7(9):710-723 (Pubitemid 44267495)
88. Peppa M, Stavroulakis P, Raptis SA (2009) Advanced glycoxidation products and impaired diabetic wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 17(4):461-472
89. Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ (2008) Dicarbonyls linked to damage in the powerhouse: glycation of mitochondrial proteins and oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 36(Pt 5):1045-1050
90. Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, Larkin JR, Akhtar MW, Shafi T, Thornalley PJ (2009) High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetologia 52(2):208-212
91. Reddy VP, Garrett MR, Perry G, Smith MA (2005) Carnosine: a versatile antioxidant and antiglycating agent. Sci Aging Knowledge Environ 18:pe12
92. Rong LL, Yan SF, Wendt T, Hans D, Pachydaki S, Bucciarelli LG, Adebayo A, Qu W, Lu Y, Kostov K, Lalla E, Yan SD, Gooch C, Szabolcs M, Trojaborg W, Hays AP, Schmidt AM (2004) Rage modulates peripheral nerve regeneration via recruitment of both inflammatory and axonal outgrowth pathways. FASEB J 18(15):1818-1825 (Pubitemid 39602268)
93. Rong LL, Gooch C, Szabolcs M, Herold KC, Lalla E, Hays AP, Yan SF, Yan SS, Schmidt AM (2005) Rage: a journey from the complications of diabetes to disorders of the nervous system - striking a fine balance between injury and repair. Restor Neurol Neurosci 23(5-6):355-365 (Pubitemid 41746169)
94. Said G (2007) Diabetic neuropathy - a review. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 3(6):331-340 (Pubitemid 46894936)
95. Sakaguchi T, Yan SF, Yan SD, Belov D, Rong LL, Sousa M, Andrassy M, Marso SP, Duda S, Arnold B, Liliensiek B, Nawroth PP, Stern DM, Schmidt AM, Naka Y (2003) Central role of rage-dependent neointimal expansion in arterial restenosis. J Clin Invest 111(7):959-972 (Pubitemid 36397472)
96. Salkovic-Petrisic M, Hoyer S (2007) Central insulin resistance as a trigger for sporadic Alzheimer-like pathology: an experimental approach. J Neural Transm Suppl 72:217-233
97. Sasaki N, Fukatsu R, Tsuzuki K, Hayashi Y, Yoshida T, Fujii N, Koike T, Wakayama I, Yanagihara R, Garruto R, Amano N, Makita Z (1998) Advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Pathol 153(4):1149-1155 (Pubitemid 28465838)
98. Sasaki N, Takeuchi M, Chowei H, Kikuchi S, Hayashi Y, Nakano N, Ikeda H, Yamagishi S, Kitamoto T, Saito T, Makita Z (2002) Advanced glycation end products (age) and their receptor (rage) in the brain of patients with creutzfeldt-jakob disease with prion plaques. Neurosci Lett 326(2):117-120 (Pubitemid 34607573)
99. Schneider AS (2000) Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency: historical perspectives and molecular aspects. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 13(1):119-140 (Pubitemid 32834314)
100. Sebekova K, Schinzel R, Ling Simm HA, Xiang G, Gekle M, Münch G, Vamvakas S, Heidland A (1998) Advanced glycated albumin impairs protein degradation in the kidney proximal tubules cell line llc-pk1. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 44(7):1051-1060
101. Shibata N, Hirano A, Kato S, Nagai R, Horiuchi S, Komori T, Umahara T, Asayama K, Kobayashi M (1999) Advanced glycation endproducts are deposited in neuronal hyaline inclusions: a study on familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase- 1 mutation. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 97(3):240-246 (Pubitemid 29137272)
102. Shibata N, Hirano A, Hedley-Whyte ET, DalCanto MC, Nagai R, Uchida K, Horiuchi S, Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi M (2002a) Selective formation of certain advanced glycation end products in spinal cord astrocytes of humans and mice with superoxide dismutase-1 mutation. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 104(2):171-178 (Pubitemid 36075375)
103. Shibata N, Oda H, Hirano A, Kato Y, Kawaguchi M, Dal Canto MC, Uchida K, Sawada T, Kobayashi M (2002b) Molecular biological approaches to neurological disorders including knockout and transgenic mouse models. Neuropathology 22(4):337-349 (Pubitemid 36142766)
104. Sian J, Dexter DT, Lees AJ, Daniel S, Agid Y, Javoy-Agid F, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1994) Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia. Ann Neurol 36(3):348-355 (Pubitemid 24280055)
105. Smith MA, Perry G (1994) Alzheimer disease: an imbalance of proteolytic regulation? Med Hypotheses 42(4):277-279
106. Smith MA, Taneda S, Richey PL, Miyata S, Yan SD, Stern D, Sayre LM, Monnier VM, Perry G (1994) Advanced maillard reaction end products are associated with Alzheimer disease pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(12):5710-5714 (Pubitemid 24174398)
107. Smith MA, Monnier VM, Sayre LM, Perry G (1995) Amyloidosis, advanced glycation end products and Alzheimer disease. Neuroreport 6(12):1595-1596
108. Smith MA, Sayre LM, Perry G (1996a) Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: glycation as a biochemical link. Diabetologia 39(2):247 (Pubitemid 26029751)
109. Smith MA, Tabaton M, Perry G (1996b) Early contribution of oxidative glycation in Alzheimer disease. Neurosci Lett 217(2-3):210-211 (Pubitemid 26358841)
110. Southern L, Williams J, Esiri MM (2007) Immunohistochemical study of n-epsilon-carboxymethyl lysine (cml) in human brain: relation to vascular dementia. BMC Neurol 7:35
111. Srikanth V, Maczurek A, Phan T, Steele M, Westcott B, Juskiw D, Münch G(2009)Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor rage in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 247:809-814
112. Sternberg Z, Weinstock-Guttman B, Hojnacki D, Zamboni P, Zivadinov R, Chadha K, Lieberman A, Kazim L, Drake A, Rocco P, Grazioli E, Munschauer F (2008) Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in multiple sclerosis: a potential marker of disease severity. Mult Scler 14(6):759-763
113. Stolzing A, Widmer R, Jung T, Voss P, Grune T (2006) Degradation of glycated bovine serum albumin in microglial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 40(6):1017-1027 (Pubitemid 43376011)
114. Sugimoto K, Yasujima M, Yagihashi S (2008) Role of advanced glycation end products in diabetic neuropathy. Curr Pharm Des 14(10):953-961 (Pubitemid 351753282)
115. Takamiya R, Takahashi M, Myint T, Park YS, Miyazawa N, Endo T, Fujiwara N, Sakiyama H, Misonou Y, Miyamoto Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N (2003) Glycation proceeds faster in mutated cu, zn-superoxide dismutases related to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. FASEB J 17(8):938-940
116. Takedo A, Yasuda T, Miyata T, Mizuno K, Li M, Yoneyama S, Horie K, Maeda K, Sobue G (1996) Immunohistochemical study of advanced glycation end products in aging and Alzheimer's disease brain. Neurosci Lett 221(1):17-20 (Pubitemid 27038952)
117. Thome J, Kornhuber J, Münch G, Schinzel R, Taneli Y, Zielke B, Rosler M, Riederer P (1996) [new hypothesis on etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer syndrome. Advanced glycation end products (ages)]. Nervenarzt 67(11):924-929 (Pubitemid 26393145)
118. Thornalley PJ (1988) Modification of the glyoxalase system in human red blood cells by glucose in vitro. Biochem J 254(3):751-755
119. Thornalley PJ (2002) Glycation in diabetic neuropathy: characteristics, consequences, causes, and therapeutic options. Int Rev Neurobiol 50:37-57
120. Thornalley PJ (2005) The potential role of thiamine (vitamin b1) in diabetic complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 1(3):287-298
121. Thorpe SR, Baynes JW (1996) Role of the maillard reaction in diabetes mellitus and diseases of aging. Drugs Aging 9(2):69-77 (Pubitemid 26261743)
122. Toth C, Martinez J, Zochodne DW (2007a) Rage, diabetes, and the nervous system. Curr Mol Med 7(8):766-776
123. Toth C, Rong LL, Yang C, Martinez J, Song F, Ramji N, Brussee V, Liu W, Durand J, Nguyen MD, Schmidt AM, Zochodne DW (2007b) Rage and experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 57:1002-1017
124. Toth C, Rong LL, Yang C, Martinez J, Song F, Ramji N, Brussee V, Liu W, Durand J, Nguyen MD, Schmidt AM, Zochodne DW (2008) Receptor for advanced glycation end products (rages) and experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 57(4):1002-1017
125. Vallianou N, Evangelopoulos A, Koutalas P (2009) Alpha-lipoic acid and diabetic neuropathy. Rev Diabet Stud 6(4):230-236
126. Vicente Miranda H, Outeiro TF (2010) The sour side of neurodegenerative disorders: the effects of protein glycation. J Pathol 221(1):13-25
127. Vincent AM, Perrone L, Sullivan KA, Backus C, Sastry AM, Lastoskie C, Feldman EL (2007) Receptor for advanced glycation end products activation injures primary sensory neurons via oxidative stress. Endocrinology 148(2):548-558 (Pubitemid 46143159)
128. Vinik A, Ullal J, Parson HK, Casellini CM (2006) Diabetic neuropathies: clinical manifestations and current treatment options. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2(5):269-281
129. Vitek MP, Bhattacharya K, Glendening JM, Stopa E, Vlassara H, Bucala R, Manogue K, Cerami A (1994) Advanced glycation end products contribute to amyloidosis in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(11):4766-4770 (Pubitemid 24177730)
130. Webster J, Urban C, Berbaum K, Loske C, Alpar A, Gartner U, de Arriba SG, Arendt T, Münch G (2005) The carbonyl scavengers aminoguanidine and tenilsetam protect against the neurotoxic effects of methylglyoxal. Neurotox Res 7(1-2):95-101
131. Wilmshurst JM, Wise GA, Pollard JD, Ouvrier RA (2004) Chronic axonal neuropathy with triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Pediatr Neurol 30(2):146-148 (Pubitemid 38249354)
132. Wolff SP,BascalZA,Hunt JV(1989) "Autoxidative glycosylation": free radicals and glycation theory. Prog Clin Biol Res 304:259-275
133. Wong A, Lüth HJ, Deuther-Conrad W, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Gasic- Milenkovic J, Arendt T, Münch G (2001) Advanced glycation endproducts co-localize with inducible nitric oxide synthase in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 920(1-2):32-40 (Pubitemid 33086777)
134. Wu S, Ren J (2006) Benfotiamine alleviates diabetes-induced cerebral oxidative damage independent of advanced glycation endproduct, tissue factor and tnf-alpha. Neurosci Lett 394(2): 158-162 (Pubitemid 43061479)
135. Yagihashi S, Yamagishi S, Wada R (2007) Pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy: correlation with clinical signs and symptoms. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77(Suppl 1): S184-S189 (Pubitemid 47212574)
136. Yan SD, Chen X, Schmidt AM, Brett J, Godman G, Zou YS, Scott CW, Caputo C, Frappier T, Smith MA et al (1994) Glycated tau protein in Alzheimer disease: a mechanism for induction of oxidant stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(16):7787-7791 (Pubitemid 24238270)