Both trace and delay conditioned eyeblink responding can be dissociated from outcome expectancy

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-10

  Weidemann, Gabrielle ^a   Broderick, Joshua ^b   Lovibond, Peter F ^b   Mitchell, Christopher J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Conditioned responding; Expectancy; Eyeblink conditioning; Human learning; Memory systems

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIR; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; AUDITORY STIMULATION; CONDITIONING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; REINFORCEMENT; STIMULATION; TIME;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIR; CONDITIONING, EYELID; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICAL STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84861127377     PISSN: 00977403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024411     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barrett, L. C., & Livesey, E. (2010). Dissociations between expectancy and performance in simple and two-choice reaction-time tasks: A test of associative and nonassociative explanations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 864-877.
2. Beylin, A. V., Gandhi, C. C., Wood, G. E., Talk, A. C., Matzel, L. D., & Shors, T. J. (2001). The role of the hippocampus in trace conditioning: Temporal discontinuity or task difficulty? Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 76, 447-461.
3. Burns, B. D., & Corpus, B. (2004). Randomness and inductions from streaks: "Gambler's fallacy" versus "hot hand." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 179-184.
4. Clark, R. E., Manns, J. R., & Squire, L. R. (2001). Trace and delay eyeblink conditioning: Contrasting phenomena of declarative and nondeclarative memory. Psychological Science, 12, 304-308.
5. Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (1998). Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness. Science, 280, 77-81.
6. Dawson, M. E. (1973). Can classical conditioning occur without contingency learning? A review and evaluation of the evidence. Psychophysiology, 10, 82-86.
7. Destrebecqz, A., Perruchet, P., Cleeremans, A., Laureys, S., Maquet, P., & Peigneux, P. (2010). The influence of temporal factors on automatic priming and conscious expectancy in a simple reaction time task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 291-309.
8. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 680-690.
9. Evans, J. S. B. T. (2003). In two minds: Dual process accounts of reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 454-459.
10. Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255-278.
11. Finkbiner, R. G., & Woodruff-Pak, D. S. (1991). Classical eyeblink conditioning in adulthood: Effects of age and interstimulus interval on acquisition in the trace paradigm. Psychology and Aging, 6, 109-117.
12. Gormezano, I. (1965). Yoked comparisons of classical and instrumental conditioning of the eyelid response: And an addendum on "voluntary responders." In W. F. Prokasy (Ed.), Classical conditioning: A symposium (pp. 48-70). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
13. Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisted: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. D. Gilovich, D. W. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases (pp. 49-81). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
14. Keren, G., & Lewis, C. (1994). The two fallacies of gamblers: Type I and Type II. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 60, 75-89.
15. Lovibond, P. F., & Shanks, D. R. (2002). The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 3-26.
16. Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2000a). Awareness predicts the magnitude of single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning. Hippocampus, 10, 181-186.
17. Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2000b). Parallel acquisition of awareness and trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Learning & Memory, 7, 267-272.
18. Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2001). Single-cue delay eyeblink conditioning is unrelated to awareness. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1, 192-198.
19. McGlinchey-Berroth, R., Carrillo, M. C., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Brawn, C. M., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1997). Impaired trace eyeblink conditioning in bilateral, medial-temporal lobe amnesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 873-882.
20. McLaren, I. P. L., Green, R. E. A., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1994). Animal learning and implicit/explicit distinction. In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), Implcit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 313-332). London: Academic Press.
21. Mitchell, C. J., De Houwer, J., & Lovibond, P. F. (2009). The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 32, 183-198.
22. Mitchell, C. J., Wardle, S. G., Lovibond, P. F., Weidemann, G., & Chang, B. P. I. (2010). Do reaction times in the perruchet effect reflect variation in the strength of an associative link? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 567-572.
23. Moyer, J. R., Deyo, R. A., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1990). Hippocampectomy disrupts trace eye-blink conditioning in rabbits. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 243-252.
24. O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985). MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316-333.
25. öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Towards an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108, 483-522.
26. Perruchet, P. (1985). A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 20, 163-170.
27. Perruchet, P., Cleeremans, A., & Destrebecqz, A. (2006). Dissociating the effects of automatic and explicit expectancy on reaction times in a simple associative learning task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 955-965.
28. Ross, S. M., & Ross, L. E. (1971). Comparison of trace and delay classical eyelid conditioning as a function of interstimulus interval. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91, 165-167.
29. Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 501-518.
30. Shanks, D. (2010). Learning: From association to cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 273-301.
31. Shanks, D. R., & Lovibond, P. F. (2002). Autonomic and eyeblink conditioning are closely related to contingency awareness: Reply to Wiens and öhman (2002). and Manns et al. (2002). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 38-42.
32. Spence, K. W., & Ross, L. E. (1959). A methological study of the form and latency of eyelid responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 376-381.
33. Weidemann, G., Tangen, J. M., Lovibond, P. F., & Mitchell, C. J. (2009). Is Perruchet's dissociation between eyeblink conditioned responding and outcome expectancy evidence for two learning systems? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 169-176.
34. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101-126.
35. Woodruff-Pak, D. S., & Disterhoft, J. F. (2008). Where is the trace in trace conditioning? Trends in Neurosciences, 31, 105-112.