Dissociations Between Expectancy and Performance in Simple and Two-Choice Reaction-Time Tasks: A Test of Associative and Nonassociative Explanations

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 864-877

  Barrett, Louise C ^a   Livesey, Evan J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Associative learning; Conditioning; Expectancy; Human learning; Reaction time

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONDITIONED REFLEX; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REACTION TIME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ASSOCIATION; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REACTION TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954165773     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019403     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Ayton P., Fischer I. The hot hand fallacy and the gambler's fallacy: Two faces of subjective randomness?. Memory & Cognition 2004, 32:1369-1378.
2. Clark R.E., Squire L.R. Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness. Science 1998, April 3, 280:77-81.
3. Destrebecqz A., Perruchet P., Cleeremans A., Laureys S., Maquet P., Peigneux P. The influence of temporal factors on automatic priming and conscious expectancy in a simple reaction time task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2010, 63:291-309.
4. Huber D.E. Immediate priming and cognitive aftereffects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2008, 137:324-347.
5. Jonides J., Mack R. On the cost and benefit of cost and benefit. Psychological Bulletin 1984, 96:29-44.
6. Kirby N.H. Sequential effects in serial reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1972, 96:32-36.
7. Kirby N.H. Sequential effects in two-choice reaction time: Automatic facilitation or subjective expectancy?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1976, 2:567-577.
8. Lovibond P.F., Shanks D.R. The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2002, 28:3-26.
9. Matt J., Leuthold H., Sommer W. Differential effects of voluntary expectancies on reaction times and event-related potentials: Evidence for automatic and controlled expectancies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1992, 18:810-822.
10. McLaren I.P.L., Green R.E., Mackintosh N.J. Animal learning and the implicit/explicit distinction. Implicit and explicit learning of languages 1994, 313-332. Academic Press, London, England. N.C. Ellis (Ed.).
11. Mitchell C.J., De Houwer J., Lovibond P.F. The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2009, 32:183-246.
12. Mitchell C.J., Wardle S.J., Lovibond P.F., Weidemann G., Chang B. Do reaction times in the Perruchet effect reflect variations in the strength of an associative link?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2010, 36:567-572.
13. Perruchet P. A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Sciences 1985, 20:163-170.
14. Perruchet P., Cleeremans A., Destrebecqz A. Dissociating the effects of automatic activation and explicit expectancy on reaction times in a simple associative learning task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2006, 32:955-965.
15. Posner M.I., Cohen Y. Components of visual orienting. Attention and performance X: Control of language processes 1984, 531-556. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. H. Bouma, D. Bouwhuis (Eds.).
16. Weidemann G., Tangen J.M., Lovibond P.F., Mitchell C.J. Is Perruchet's dissociation between eyeblink conditioned responding and outcome expectancy evidence for two learning systems?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2009, 35:169-176.
17. Williams J.A. Sequential effects in disjunctive reaction time: Implications for decision models. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1966, 71:665-672.