HLA-C and HIV-1: Friends or foes?

Retrovirology

Volumn 9, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Zipeto, Donato ^a   Beretta, Alberto ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

2 microglobulin; CTL; HIV 1; HLA C; KIR; MHC class I; NK cells; Open conformers

Indexed keywords

BETA 2 MICROGLOBULIN; HLA A ANTIGEN; HLA B ANTIGEN; HLA C ANTIGEN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PROTEIN;

ALLELE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL SURFACE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE FUNCTION; GENE LOCUS; GENE SILENCING; GENOTYPE; HLA A GENE; HLA B GENE; HLA C GENE; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE; PROTEIN DOMAIN; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VIRION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS RELEASE; VIRUS REPLICATION; GENETICS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGY; NATURAL KILLER CELL; RNA PROCESSING; VIROLOGY;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HLA-C ANTIGENS; HUMANS; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 84860852673     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17424690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-39     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Davidson WF, Kress M, Khoury G, Jay G: Comparison of HLA class I gene sequences. Derivation of locus-specific oligonucleotide probes specific for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes. J Biol Chem 1985, 260:13414-13423.
2. Groothuis TA, Griekspoor AC, Neijssen JJ, Herberts CA, Neefjes JJ: MHC class I alleles and their exploration of the antigen-processing machinery. Immunol Rev 2005, 207:60-76.
3. Antoniou AN, Powis SJ, Elliott T: Assembly and export of MHC class I peptide ligands. Curr Opin Immunol 2003, 15:75-81.
4. Cresswell P, Ackerman AL, Giodini A, Peaper DR, Wearsch PA: Mechanisms of MHC class I-restricted antigen processing and cross-presentation. Immunol Rev 2005, 207:145-157.
5. Vivier E, Anfossi N: Inhibitory NK-cell receptors on T cells: witness of the past, actors of the future. Nat Rev Immunol 2004, 4:190-198.
6. Kaiser BK, Pizarro JC, Kerns J, Strong RK: Structural basis for NKG2A/CD94 recognition of HLA-E. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:6696-6701.
7. Snary D, Barnstable CJ, Bodmer WF, Crumpton MJ: Molecular structure of human histocompatibility antigens: the HLA-C series. Eur J Immunol 1977, 7:580-585.
8. Neefjes JJ, Ploegh HL: Allele and locus-specific differences in cell surface expression and the association of HLA class I heavy chain with beta 2-microglobulin: differential effects of inhibition of glycosylation on class I subunit association. Eur J Immunol 1988, 18:801-810.
9. Sibilio L, Martayan A, Setini A, Lo Monaco E, Tremante E, Butler RH, Giacomini P: A single bottleneck in HLA-C assembly. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:1267-1274.
10. Zemmour J, Parham P: Distinctive polymorphism at the HLA-C locus: implications for the expression of HLA-C. J Exp Med 1992, 176:937-950.
11. Setini A, Beretta A, De Santis C, Meneveri R, Martayan A, Mazzilli MC, Appella E, Siccardi AG, Natali PG, Giacomini P: Distinctive features of the alpha 1-domain alpha helix of HLA-C heavy chains free of beta 2- microglobulin. Hum Immunol 1996, 46:69-81.
12. Giacomini P, Beretta A, Nicotra MR, Ciccarelli G, Martayan A, Cerboni C, Lopalco L, Bini D, Delfino L, Ferrara GB, et al: HLA-C heavy chains free of beta2-microglobulin: distribution in normal tissues and neoplastic lesions of non-lymphoid origin and interferon-gamma responsiveness. Tissue Antigens 1997, 50:555-566.
13. King A, Burrows TD, Hiby SE, Bowen JM, Joseph S, Verma S, Lim PB, Gardner L, Le Bouteiller P, Ziegler A, et al: Surface expression of HLA-C antigen by human extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 2000, 21:376-387.
14. Schaefer MR, Williams M, Kulpa DA, Blakely PK, Yaffee AQ, Collins KL: A novel trafficking signal within the HLA-C cytoplasmic tail allows regulated expression upon differentiation of macrophages. J Immunol 2008, 180:7804-7817.
15. Falk CS, Schendel DJ: HLA-C revisited. Ten years of change. Immunol Res 1997, 16:203-214.
16. Colonna M, Borsellino G, Falco M, Ferrara GB, Strominger JL: HLA-C is the inhibitory ligand that determines dominant resistance to lysis by NK1- and NK2-specific natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90:12000-12004
17. Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, Brooks CR, Gao X, Astemborski J, Cheng J, Goedert JJ, Vlahov D, Hilgartner M, et al: HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Science 2004, 305:872-874.
18. Rauch A, Laird R, McKinnon E, Telenti A, Furrer H, Weber R, Smillie D, Gaudieri S: Influence of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA-C ligands on resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Tissue Antigens 2007, 69(Suppl 1):237-240.
19. Alter G, Martin MP, Teigen N, Carr WH, Suscovich TJ, Schneidewind A, Streeck H, Waring M, Meier A, Brander C, et al: Differential natural killer cell-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 replication based on distinct KIR/HLA subtypes. J Exp Med 2007, 204:3027-3036.
20. Jennes W, Verheyden S, Demanet C, Adje-Toure CA, Vuylsteke B, Nkengasong JN, Kestens L: Cutting edge: resistance to HIV-1 infection among African female sex workers is associated with inhibitory KIR in the absence of their HLA ligands. J Immunol 2006, 177:6588-6592.
21. Martin MP, Gao X, Lee JH, Nelson GW, Detels R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, Vlahov D, Trowsdale J, et al: Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS. Nat Genet 2002, 31:429-434.
22. Merino A, Malhotra R, Morton M, Mulenga J, Allen S, Hunter E, Tang J, Kaslow RA: Impact of a Functional KIR2DS4 Allele on Heterosexual HIV-1 Transmission among Discordant Zambian Couples. J Infect Dis 2011, 203:487-495.
23. Pelak K, Need AC, Fellay J, Shianna KV, Feng S, Urban TJ, Ge D, De Luca A, Martinez-Picado J, Wolinsky SM, et al: Copy Number Variation of KIR Genes Influences HIV-1 Control. PLoS Biol 2011, 9:e1001208.
24. Tiemessen CT, Paximadis M, Minevich G, Winchester R, Shalekoff S, Gray GE, Sherman GG, Coovadia AH, Kuhn L: Natural killer cell responses to HIV-1 peptides are associated with more activating KIR genes and HLA-C genes of the C1 allotype. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011, 57:181-189.
25. Le Gall S, Erdtmann L, Benichou S, Berlioz-Torrent C, Liu L, Benarous R, Heard JM, Schwartz O: Nef interacts with the mu subunit of clathrin adaptor complexes and reveals a cryptic sorting signal in MHC I molecules. Immunity 1998, 8:483-495.
26. Le Gall S, Prevost MC, Heard JM, Schwartz O: Human immunodeficiency virus type I Nef independently affects virion incorporation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and virus infectivity. Virology 1997, 229:295-301.
27. Williams M, Roeth JF, Kasper MR, Fleis RI, Przybycin CG, Collins KL: Direct binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef to the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) cytoplasmic tail disrupts MHC-I trafficking. J Virol 2002, 76:12173-12184.
28. Schaefer MR, Wonderlich ER, Roeth JF, Leonard JA, Collins KL: HIV-1 Nef targets MHC-I and CD4 for degradation via a final common beta-COP-dependent pathway in T cells. PLoS Pathog 2008, 4:e1000131.
29. Leonard JA, Filzen T, Carter CC, Schaefer M, Collins KL: HIV-1 Nef disrupts intracellular trafficking of MHC-I, CD4, CD8, and CD28 by distinct pathways that share common elements. J Virol 2011, 85:6867-6881.
30. Cohen GB, Gandhi RT, Davis DM, Mandelboim O, Chen BK, Strominger JL, Baltimore D: The selective downregulation of class I major histocompatibility complex proteins by HIV-1 protects HIV-infected cells from NK cells. Immunity 1999, 10:661-671.
31. Collins KL, Chen BK, Kalams SA, Walker BD, Baltimore D: HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature 1998, 391:397-401.
32. Kulkarni S, Savan R, Qi Y, Gao X, Yuki Y, Bass SE, Martin MP, Hunt P, Deeks SG, Telenti A, et al: Differential microRNA regulation of HLA-C expression and its association with HIV control. Nature 2011, 472:495-498.
33. Goulder PJ, Edwards A, Phillips RE, McMichael AJ: Identification of a novel HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope within HIV-1 Nef. AIDS 1997, 11:1883-1884.
34. Jeannet M, Sztajzel R, Carpentier N, Hirschel B, Tiercy JM: HLA antigens are risk factors for development of AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1989, 2:28-32.
35. Mann DL, Murray C, Yarchoan R, Blattner WA, Goedert JJ: HLA antigen frequencies in HIV-1 seropositive disease-free individuals and patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1988, 1:13-17.
36. Rohowsky-Kochan C, Skurnick J, Molinaro D, Louria D: HLA antigens associated with susceptibility/resistance to HIV-1 infection. Hum Immunol 1998, 59:802-815.
37. Carrington M, Nelson GW, Martin MP, Kissner T, Vlahov D, Goedert JJ, Kaslow R, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, O' Brien SJ: HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage. Science 1999, 283:1748-1752.
38. Gao X, Nelson GW, Karacki P, Martin MP, Phair J, Kaslow R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, Vlahov D, et al: Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:1668-1675.
39. Altfeld M, Addo MM, Rosenberg ES, Hecht FM, Lee PK, Vogel M, Yu XG, Draenert R, Johnston MN, Strick D, et al: Influence of HLA-B57 on clinical presentation and viral control during acute HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2003, 17:2581-2591.
40. Costello C, Tang J, Rivers C, Karita E, Meizen-Derr J, Allen S, Kaslow RA: HLA-B*5703 independently associated with slower HIV-1 disease progression in Rwandan women. AIDS 1999, 13:1990-1991.
41. Goulder PJ, Phillips RE, Colbert RA, McAdam S, Ogg G, Nowak MA, Giangrande P, Luzzi G, Morgan B, Edwards A, et al: Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS. Nat Med 1997, 3:212-217.
42. Goulder PJ, Watkins DI: Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:619-630.
43. Kiepiela P, Leslie AJ, Honeyborne I, Ramduth D, Thobakgale C, Chetty S, Rathnavalu P, Moore C, Pfafferott KJ, Hilton L, et al: Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA. Nature 2004, 432:769-775.
44. Lazaryan A, Lobashevsky E, Mulenga J, Karita E, Allen S, Tang J, Kaslow RA: Human leukocyte antigen B58 supertype and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in native Africans. J Virol 2006, 80:6056-6060.
45. Leslie A, Matthews PC, Listgarten J, Carlson JM, Kadie C, Ndung'u T, Brander C, Coovadia H, Walker BD, Heckerman D, Goulder PJ: Additive contribution of HLA class I alleles in the immune control of HIV-1 infection. J Virol 2010, 84:9879-9888.
46. Migueles SA, Sabbaghian MS, Shupert WL, Bettinotti MP, Marincola FM, Martino L, Hallahan CW, Selig SM, Schwartz D, Sullivan J, Connors M: HLA B*5701 is highly associated with restriction of virus replication in a subgroup of HIV-infected long term nonprogressors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:2709-2714.
47. O' Brien SJ, Gao X, Carrington M: HLA and AIDS: a cautionary tale. Trends Mol Med 2001, 7:379-381.
48. Salgado M, Simon A, Sanz-Minguela B, Rallon NI, Lopez M, Vicario JL, Benito JM, Rodes B: An Additive Effect of Protective Host Genetic Factors Correlates With HIV Nonprogression Status. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011, 56:300-305.
49. Fitzgerald DW, Janes H, Robertson M, Coombs R, Frank I, Gilbert P, Loufty M, Mehrotra D, Duerr A: An Ad5-Vectored HIV-1 Vaccine Elicits Cell-mediated Immunity but does not Affect Disease Progression in HIV-1-infected Male Subjects: Results From a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (The Step Study). J Infect Dis 2011, 203:765-772.
50. Migueles SA, Rood JE, Berkley AM, Guo T, Mendoza D, Patamawenu A, Hallahan CW, Cogliano NA, Frahm N, Duerr A, et al: Trivalent Adenovirus Type 5 HIV Recombinant Vaccine Primes for Modest Cytotoxic Capacity That Is Greatest in Humans with Protective HLA Class I Alleles. PLoS Pathog 2011, 7:e1002002.
51. Dong T, Zhang Y, Xu KY, Yan H, James I, Peng Y, Blais ME, Gaudieri S, Chen X, Lun W, et al: Extensive HLA-driven viral diversity following a narrowsource HIV-1 outbreak in rural China. Blood 2011, 118:98-106.
52. McMichael AJ, Jones EY: Genetics. First-class control of HIV-1. Science 2010, 330:1488-1490.
53. Singh KK, Gray PK, Wang Y, Fenton T, Trout R, Spector SA: HLA Alleles are Associated with Altered Risk for Disease Progression and Central Nervous System Impairment of HIV-Infected Children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011, 57:32-39.
54. Honda K, Zheng N, Murakoshi H, Hashimoto M, Sakai K, Borghan MA, Chikata T, Koyanagi M, Tamura Y, Gatanaga H, et al: Selection of escape mutant by HLA-C-restricted HIV-1 Pol-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes carrying strong ability to suppress HIV-1 replication. Eur J Immunol 2011, 41:97-106.
55. Carrington M, Martin MP, van Bergen J: KIR-HLA intercourse in HIV disease. Trends Microbiol 2008, 16:620-627.
56. Fellay J, Shianna KV, Telenti A, Goldstein DB: Host genetics and HIV-1: the final phase? PLoS Pathog 2010, 6:e1001033.
57. Fellay J, Shianna KV, Ge D, Colombo S, Ledergerber B, Weale M, Zhang K, Gumbs C, Castagna A, Cossarizza A, et al: A whole-genome association study of major determinants for host control of HIV-1. Science 2007, 317:944-947.
58. de Bakker PI, McVean G, Sabeti PC, Miretti MM, Green T, Marchini J, Ke X, Monsuur AJ, Whittaker P, Delgado M, et al: A high-resolution HLA and SNP haplotype map for disease association studies in the extended human MHC. Nat Genet 2006, 38:1166-1172.
59. Study TIHC: The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation. Science 2010, 330:1551-1557.
60. Corrah TW, Goonetilleke N, Kopycinski J, Deeks SG, Cohen MS, Borrow P, McMichael A, Brackenridge S: Reappraisal of the relationship between the HIV-1-protective single-nucleotide polymorphism 35 kilobases upstream of the HLA-C gene and surface HLA-C expression. JVirol 2011, 85:3367-3374.
61. Specht A, Telenti A, Martinez R, Fellay J, Bailes E, Evans DT, Carrington M, Hahn BH, Goldstein DB, Kirchhoff F: Counteraction of HLA-C-mediated immune control of HIV-1 by Nef. J Virol 2010, 84:7300-7311.
62. O' Huigin C, Kulkarni S, Xu Y, Deng Z, Kidd J, Kidd K, Gao X, Carrington M: The Molecular Origin and Consequences of Escape from miRNA Regulation by HLA-C Alleles. Am J Hum Genet 2011, 89:424-431.
63. Adnan S, Balamurugan A, Trocha A, Bennett MS, Ng HL, Ali A, Brander C, Yang OO: Nef interference with HIV-1-specific CTL antiviral activity is epitope specific. Blood 2006, 108:3414-3419.
64. Buseyne F, Stevanovic S, Rammensee HG, Riviere Y: Characterization of an HIV-1 p24gag epitope recognized by a CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell clone. Immunol Lett 1997, 55:145-149.
65. Johnson RP, Trocha A, Buchanan TM, Walker BD: Recognition of a highly conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 by an HLA-Cw4-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone. JVirol 1993, 67:438-445.
66. Littaua RA, Oldstone MB, Takeda A, Debouck C, Wong JT, Tuazon CU, Moss B, Kievits F, Ennis FA: An HLA-C-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone recognizes a highly conserved epitope on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag. J Virol 1991, 65:4051-4056.
67. Makadzange AT, Gillespie G, Dong T, Kiama P, Bwayo J, Kimani J, Plummer F, Easterbrook P, Rowland-Jones SL: Characterization of an HLA-C-restricted CTL response in chronic HIV infection. Eur J Immunol 2010, 40:1036-1041.
68. Rousseau CM, Daniels MG, Carlson JM, Kadie C, Crawford H, Prendergast A, Matthews P, Payne R, Rolland M, Raugi DN, et al: HLA class I-driven evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype c proteome: immune escape and viral load. J Virol 2008, 82:6434-6446.
69. Buranapraditkun S, Hempel U, Pitakpolrat P, Allgaier RL, Thantivorasit P, Lorenzen SI, Sirivichayakul S, Hildebrand WH, Altfeld M, Brander C, et al: A Novel Immunodominant CD8+ T Cell Response Restricted by a Common HLA-C Allele Targets a Conserved Region of Gag HIV-1 Clade CRF01_AE Infected Thais. PLoS One 2011, 6:e23603.
70. Nehete PN, Lewis DE, Tang DN, Pollack MS, Sastry KJ: Presence of HLA-C-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in long-term nonprogressors infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Viral Immunol 1998, 11:119-129.
71. Wagtmann N, Rajagopalan S, Winter CC, Peruzzi M, Long EO: Killer cell inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-C and HLA-B identified by direct binding and by functional transfer. Immunity 1995, 3:801-809.
72. Colonna M, Samaridis J: Cloning of immunoglobulin-superfamily members associated with HLA-C and HLA-B recognition by human natural killer cells. Science 1995, 268:405-408.
73. Carter AM: Comparative studies of placentation and immunology in non- human primates suggest a scenario for the evolution of deep trophoblast invasion and an explanation for human pregnancy disorders. Reproduction 2011, 141:391-396.
74. Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Falco M, Verdiani S, Bottino C, Vitale M, Conte R, Poggi A, Moretta A, Moretta L: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific "activatory" or "inhibitory" natural killer cell receptors display highly homologous extracellular domains but differ in their transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions. J Exp Med 1996, 183:645-650.
75. Biassoni R, Falco M, Cambiaggi A, Costa P, Verdiani S, Pende D, Conte R, Di Donato C, Parham P, Moretta L: Amino acid substitutions can influence the natural killer (NK)-mediated recognition of HLA-C molecules. Role of serine-77 and lysine-80 in the target cell protection from lysis mediated by "group 2" or "group 1" NK clones. J Exp Med 1995, 182:605-609.
76. Moretta A, Vitale M, Bottino C, Orengo AM, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Barbaresi M, Ciccone E, Moretta L: P58 molecules as putative receptors for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in human natural killer (NK) cells. Anti-p58 antibodies reconstitute lysis of MHC class I-protected cells in NK clones displaying different specificities. J Exp Med 1993, 178:597-604.
77. Alter G, Heckerman D, Schneidewind A, Fadda L, Kadie CM, Carlson JM, Oniangue-Ndza C, Martin M, Li B, Khakoo SI, et al: HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure. Nature 2011, 476:96-100.
78. van Bergen J, Koning F: The tortoise and the hare: slowly evolving T-cell responses take hastily evolving KIR. Immunology 2010, 131:301-309.
79. Alter G, Rihn S, Streeck H, Teigen N, Piechocka-Trocha A, Moss K, Cohen K, Meier A, Pereyra F, Walker B, Altfeld M: Ligand-independent exhaustion of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-positive CD8+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 2008, 82:9668-9677.
80. Esser MT, Graham DR, Coren LV, Trubey CM, Bess JW Jr, Arthur LO, Ott DE, Lifson JD: Differential incorporation of CD45, CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and microvesicles: implications for viral pathogenesis and immune regulation. J Virol 2001, 75:6173-6182.
81. Hunsmann G, Dormont D, Le Grand R, Cranage M, Greenaway P, Stahl-Hennig C, Rossi G, Verani P, Stott J, Kitchin P, et al: Protection of macaques against simian immunodeficiency virus infection with inactivated vaccines: comparison of adjuvants, doses and challenge viruses. The European Concerted Action on' Macaque Models for AIDS Research'. Vaccine 1995, 13:295-300.
82. Ott DE: Cellular proteins in HIV virions. Rev Med Virol 1997, 7:167-180.
83. Putkonen P, Thorstensson R, Cranage M, Nilsson C, Ghavamzadeh L, Albert J, Greenaway P, Biberfeld G: A formalin inactivated whole SIVmac vaccine in Ribi adjuvant protects against homologous and heterologous SIV challenge. J Med Primatol 1992, 21:108-112.
84. Stott EJ: Anti-cell antibody in macaques. Nature 1991, 353:393.
85. Tremblay MJ, Fortin JF, Cantin R: The acquisition of host-encoded proteins by nascent HIV-1. Immunol Today 1998, 19:346-351.
86. Lakhashe SK, Thakar MR, Bharucha KE, Paranjape RS: Quantitation of HLA proteins incorporated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and assessment of neutralizing activity of anti-HLA antibodies. J Virol 2008, 82:428-434.
87. Arthur LO, Bess JW Jr, Sowder RC 2nd, Benveniste RE, Mann DL, Chermann JC, Henderson LE: Cellular proteins bound to immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines. Science 1992, 258:1935-1938.
88. Zhu P, Liu J, Bess J Jr, Chertova E, Lifson JD, Grise H, Ofek GA, Taylor KA, Roux KH: Distribution and three-dimensional structure of AIDS virus envelope spikes. Nature 2006, 441:847-852.
89. Cantin R, Fortin JF, Lamontagne G, Tremblay M: The presence of host-derived HLA-DR1 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 increases viral infectivity. JVirol 1997, 71:1922-1930.
90. Cantin R, Fortin JF, Lamontagne G, Tremblay M: The acquisition of host-derived major histocompatibility complex class II glycoproteins by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accelerates the process of virus entry and infection in human T-lymphoid cells. Blood 1997, 90:1091-1100.
91. de Santis C, Robbioni P, Longhi R, Carrow E, Siccardi AG, Beretta A: Role of HLA class I in HIV type 1-induced syncytium formation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996, 12:1031-1040.
92. Cosma A, Blanc D, Braun J, Quillent C, Barassi C, Moog C, Klasen S, Spire B, Scarlatti G, Pesenti E, et al: Enhanced HIV infectivity and changes in GP120 conformation associated with viral incorporation of human leucocyte antigen class I molecules. AIDS 1999, 13:2033-2042.
93. Matucci A, Rossolillo P, Baroni M, Siccardi AG, Beretta A, Zipeto D: HLA-C increases HIV-1 infectivity and is associated with gp120. Retrovirology 2008, 5:68.
94. Beretta A, Grassi F, Pelagi M, Clivio A, Parravicini C, Giovinazzo G, Andronico F, Lopalco L, Verani P, Butto S, et al: HIV env glycoprotein shares a cross-reacting epitope with a surface protein present on activated human monocytes and involved in antigen presentation. Eur J Immunol 1987, 17:1793-1798.
95. Grassi F, Meneveri R, Gullberg M, Lopalco L, Rossi GB, Lanza P, De Santis C, Brattsand G, Butto S, Ginelli E, et al: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 mimics a hidden monomorphic epitope borne by class I major histocompatibility complex heavy chains. J Exp Med 1991, 174:53-62.
96. Fan QR, Wiley DC: Structure of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw4, a ligand for the KIR2D natural killer cell inhibitory receptor. J Exp Med 1999, 190:113-123.
97. Finzi A, Brunet A, Xiao Y, Thibodeau J, Cohen EA: Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules promote human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly and budding to late endosomal/multivesicular body compartments. J Virol 2006, 80:9789-9797.
98. Gottlinger HG: The HIV-1 assembly machine. AIDS 2001, 15(Suppl 5):S13-S20.
99. MacAry PA, Lindsay M, Scott MA, Craig JI, Luzio JP, Lehner PJ: Mobilization of MHC class I molecules from late endosomes to the cell surface following activation of CD34-derived human Langerhans cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:3982-3987.
100. Arosa FA, Santos SG, Powis SJ: Open conformers: the hidden face of MHC-I molecules. Trends Immunol 2007, 28:115-123.
101. Martayan A, Fraioli R, Giorda E, Setini A, Ciccarelli G, Delfino L, Ferrara GB, Giacomini P: Biosynthesis of HLA-C heavy chains in melanoma cells with multiple defects in the expression of HLA-A, -B, -C molecules. Br J Cancer 1999, 80:639-649.
102. Mothe B, Llano A, Ibarrondo J, Zamarreno J, Schiaulini M, Miranda C, Ruiz-Riol M, Berger CT, Herrero MJ, Palou E, et al: CTL Responses of High Functional Avidity and Broad Variant Cross-Reactivity Are Associated with HIV Control. PLoS One 2012, 7:e29717.