Methamphetamine-associated psychosis

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 113-139

  Grant, Kathleen M ^a   LeVan, Tricia D ^b   Wells, Sandra M ^b   Li, Ming ^c   Stoltenberg, Scott F ^c   Gendelman, Howard E ^b   Carlo, Gustavo ^c   Bevins, Rick A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

Candidate genes; Drug addiction; Methamphetamine; Psychotic symptoms; Schizophrenia; Substance use disorder

Indexed keywords

DEXTRO AMINO ACID OXIDASE; DYSBINDIN; FRIZZLED PROTEIN; GLYCINE TRANSPORTER 1; METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR 2; METHAMPHETAMINE; PROKINETICIN RECEPTOR 2; SEROTONIN 1A RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AUDITORY HALLUCINATION; FAMILY HISTORY; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; METHAMPHETAMINE ASSOCIATED PSYCHOSIS; MOOD DISORDER; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PERSECUTORY DELUSION; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PRIMATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEXUAL ABUSE; SOCIAL INTERACTION; STEREOTYPY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; METHAMPHETAMINE; PSYCHOSES, SUBSTANCE-INDUCED;

EID: 84860717734     PISSN: 15571890     EISSN: 15571904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9288-1     Document Type: Review

References (194)

1. Abekawa T, Ito K, Nakagawa S, Nakato Y, Koyama T (2008) Olanzapine and risperidone block a high dose of methamphetamineinduced schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities and accompanied apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex. Schizophr Res 101:84-94
2. Akiyama K (2006) Longitudinal clinical course following pharmacological treatment of methamphetamine psychosis which persists after long-term abstinence. Ann New York Acad Sci 1074:125-134 (Pubitemid 44532817)
3. Amano T, Matsubayashi H, Sasa M (1996) Hypersensitivity of nucleus accumbens neurons to methamphetamine and dopamine following repeated administrations of methamphetamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 801:136-147 (Pubitemid 27029004)
4. Amano T, Matsubayashi H, Seki T, Sasa M, Sakai N (2003) Repeated administration of methamphetamine causes hypersensitivity of D2 receptor in rat ventral tegmental area. Neurosci Lett 347:89-92 (Pubitemid 36836223)
5. Angrist B (1994) Amphetamine psychosis: clinical variations of the syndrome. In: Cho A, Segal D (eds) Amphetamine and its analogues. Academic, San Diego, pp 387-414
6. Aoyama N, Takahashi N, Kitaichi K, Ishihara R, Saito S, Maeno N et al (2006) Association between gene polymorphisms of SLC22A3 and methamphetamine use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:1644-1649 (Pubitemid 44465604)
7. APA American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington
8. Arai S, Takuma K,Mizoguchi H, Ibi D, Nagai T, Takshashi K et al (2008) Involvement of pallidotegmental neurons in methamphetamine- and MK-801-induced impairment of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in mice: reversal by GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:3164-3175
9. Arai S, Takuma K, Mizoguchi H, Ibi D, Nagai T, Kamei H et al (2009) GABAB receptor agonist baclofen improves methamphetamineinduced cognitive deficit in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 602:101-104
10. Arakawa O (1994) Effects of methamphetamine and methylphenidate on single and paired rat open-field behavior. Physiol Behav 55:441-446 (Pubitemid 24088010)
11. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Witton J, Murray RM (2004) Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence. Br J Psychiatry 184:110-117 (Pubitemid 38186851)
12. Badner JA, Gershon ES (2002) Meta-analysis of whole-genome linkage scans of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 7:405-411 (Pubitemid 34499362)
13. Balsara JJ, Jadhav JH, Muley MP, Chandorkar AG (1979) Effects of drugs influencing central serotonergic mechanisms on methamphetamine stereotyped behavior in the rat. Psychopharmacology 64:303-307 (Pubitemid 10229563)
14. Barnett SA (1963) The rat: a study in behaviour. Aldine, Chicago
15. Batki SL, Harris DS (2004) Quantitative drug levels in stimulant psychosis: relationship to symptom severity, catecholamines and hyperkinesias. Am J Addict 13:461-470 (Pubitemid 39603291)
16. Benson MA, Newey SE, Martin-Rendon E, Hawkes R, Blake DJ (2001) Dysbindin, a novel coiled-coil-containing protein that interacts with the dystrobrevins in muscle and brain. J Biol Chem 276:24232-24241
17. Bevins RA, Peterson JL (2004) Individual differences in rats' reactivity to novelty and the unconditioned and conditioned locomotor effects of methamphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 79:65-74 (Pubitemid 39237705)
18. Blouin JL, Dombroski BA, Nath SK, Lasseter VK, Wolyniec PS, Nestadt G et al (1998) Schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q32 and 8p21. Nat Genet 20:70-73 (Pubitemid 28410348)
19. Braff DL, Geyer MA (1990) Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:181-188 (Pubitemid 20058094)
20. Braff DL, Geyer MA, Light GA, Sprock J, Perry W, Cadenhead KS et al (2001) Impact of prepulse characteristics on the detection of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 49:171-178 (Pubitemid 32434323)
21. Cadet JL, Krasnova IN (2009) Molecular bases of methamphetamineinduced neurodegeneration. Int Rev Neurobiol 88:101-119
22. Cartmell J, Monn JA, Schoepp DD (1999) The metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonists LY354740 and LY379268 selectively attenuate phencyclidine versus d-amphetamine motor behaviors in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291:161-170 (Pubitemid 29451586)
23. Caton CLM, Drake RE, Hasin DS, Domingues B, Shrout PE, Samet S et al (2005) Differences between early-phase primary psychotic disorders with concurrent substance use and substance-induced psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:137-145 (Pubitemid 40189129)
24. Chang L, Alicata D, Ernst T, Volkow N (2007) Structural and metabolic brain changes in the striatum associated with methamphetamine abuse. Addiction 102(Suppl 1):16-32 (Pubitemid 46328220)
25. Chen CK, Lin SK, Sham PC, Ball D, Loh EW, Hsiao CC et al (2003) Pre-morbid characteristics and co-morbidity of methamphetamine users with and without psychosis. Psychol Med 33:1407-1414 (Pubitemid 37483463)
26. Chen CK, Hu X, Lin SK, Sham PC, Loh EW, Li T et al (2004) Association analysis of dopamine D2-like receptor genes and methamphetamine abuse. Psychiatr Genet 14:223-226 (Pubitemid 40054350)
27. Chen CK, Lin SK, Sham PC, Ball D, Loh EW, Murray RM (2005) Morbid risk for psychiatric disorder among the relatives of methamphetamine users with and without psychosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 136:87-91 (Pubitemid 40917535)
28. Chen CK, Lin SK, Huang MC, Su LW, Hsiao CC, Chiang YL et al (2007) Analysis of association of clinical correlates and 5- HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior among Chinese methamphetamine abusers. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 61:479-486
29. Cheng MY, Bullock CM, Li C, Lee AG, Bermak JC, Belluzzi J et al (2002) Prokineticin 2 transmits the behavioural circadian rhythm of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nature 417:405-410 (Pubitemid 34563527)
30. Christian DR, Huber A, Brecht M-L, McCann MJ, Marinelli-Casey P, Lord RH et al (2007) Methamphetamine users entering treatment: characteristics of the methamphetamine treatment project sample. Subst Use Misuse 42:2207-2222
31. Chumakov I, Blumenfeld M, Guerassimenko O, Cavarec L, Palicio M, Abderrahim H et al (2002) Genetic and physiological data implicating the new human gene G72 and the gene for D-amino acid oxidase in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:13675-13680 (Pubitemid 35215440)
32. Clemens KJ, van Nieuwenhuyzen PS, Li KM, Cornish JL, Hunt GE, McGregor IS (2004) MDMA ("ecstasy"), methamphetamine and their combination: long-term changes in social interaction and neurochemistry in the rat. Psychopharmacology 173:318-325 (Pubitemid 38703805)
33. Clemens KJ, Cornish JL, Hunt GE, McGregor IS (2007a) Repeated weekly exposure to MDMA, methamphetamine or their combination: long-term behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 86:183-190 (Pubitemid 44821601)
34. Clemens KJ, McGregor IS, Hunt GE, Cornish JL (2007b) MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research. Drug Alcohol Rev 26:9-15
35. Cotter D, Kerwin R, Al-Sarraji S, Brion JP, Chadwich A, Lovestone S et al (1998) Abnormalities of Wnt signalling in schizophrenia- evidence for neurodevelopmental abnormality. Neuroreport 9:1379-1383 (Pubitemid 28264255)
36. Davis JM, Schlemmer FP Jr (1980) The amphetamine psychosis. In: Caldwell J (ed) Amphetamines and related stimulants: chemical, biological, clinical and social aspects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 161-173
37. Detera-Wadleigh SD, Badner JA, Yoshikawa T, Sanders AR, Goldin LR, Turner G et al (1997) Initial genome scan of the NIMH genetics initiative bipolar pedigrees: chromosomes 4, 7, 9, 18, 19, 20, and 21q. Am J Med Genet 74:254-262 (Pubitemid 27251223)
38. Edwards TL, Wang X, Chen Q, Wormly B, Riley B, O'Neill FA et al (2008) Interaction between interleukin 3 and dystrobrevinbinding protein 1 in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 106:208-217
39. Ezaki N, Nakamura K, Sekine Y, Thanseem I, Anitha A, Iwata Y et al (2008) Short allele of 5-HTTLPR as a risk factor for the development of psychosis in Japanese methamphetamine abusers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1139:49-56
40. Fanous AH, Neale MC, Webb BT, Straub RE, O'Neill FA, Walsh D et al (2008) Novel linkage to chromosome 20p using latent classes of psychotic illness in 270 Irish high-density families. Biol Psychiatry 64:121-127
41. Fergusson DM, Horwood LF, Swain-Campbell NR (2003) Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people. Psychol Med 33:15-21 (Pubitemid 36113396)
42. Fleckenstein AE, Volz TJ, Riddle EL, Gibb JW, Hanson GR (2007) New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 47:681-698
43. Fujii D (2002) Risk factors for treatment-resistive methamphetamine psychosis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 14(2):239-240 (Pubitemid 34556536)
44. Futamura T, Akiyama S, Sugino H, Forbes A, McQuade RD, Kikuchi T (2010) Aripiprazole attenuates established behavioral sensitization induced by methamphetamine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34:1115-1119
45. Geyer MA, Markou A (1995) Animal models of psychiatric disorders. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ (eds) Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. Raven, New York, pp 787-798
46. Glasner-Edwards S, Mooney LJ, Marinelli-Casey P, Hillhouse M, Ang A, Rawson R et al (2008) Clinical course and outcomes of methamphetamine-dependent adults with psychosis. J Subst Abuse Treat 35:445-450
47. Grant KM, Kelley SS, Agrawal S, Meza JL, Meyer JR, Romberger DJ (2007) Methamphetamine use in rural midwesterners. Am J Addict 16:79-84 (Pubitemid 46633927)
48. Gurling HM, Kalsi G, Brynjolfson J, Sigmundsson T, Sherrington R, Mankoo BS et al (2001) Genomewide genetic linkage analysis confirms the presence of susceptibility loci for schizophrenia, on chromosomes 1q32.2, 5q33.2, and 8p21-22 and provides support for linkage to schizophrenia, on chromosomes 11q23.3-24 and 20q12.1-11.23. Am J Hum Genet 68:661-673 (Pubitemid 32202761)
49. Hadamitzky M, Markou A, Kuczenski R (2011) Extended access to methamphetamine self-administration affects sensorimotor gating in rats. Behav Brain Res 217:386-390
50. Harris D, Batki SL (2000) Stimulant psychosis: symptom profile and acute clinical course. Am J Addict 9:28-37 (Pubitemid 30155031)
51. Harrison PJ, Lyon L, Sartorius LJ, Burnet PW, Lane TA (2008) The group II metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3, mGlu3, GRM3): expression, function and involvement in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 22:308-322 (Pubitemid 351847454)
52. Hashimoto T, Hashimoto K, Matsuzawa D, Shimizu E, Sekine Y, Inada T et al (2005) A functional glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism is associated with methamphetamineinduced psychosis in Japanese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 135B:5-9 (Pubitemid 40577847)
53. Huang YY, Battistuzzi C, Oquendo MA, Harkavy-Friedman J, Greenhill L, Zalsman G et al (2004) Human 5-HT1A receptor C(-1019)G polymorphism and psychopathology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7:441-451 (Pubitemid 39648074)
54. Ide S, Kobayashi H, Tanaka K, Ujike H, Sekine Y, Ozaki N et al (2004) Gene polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor in methamphetamine abusers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1025:316-324 (Pubitemid 39643877)
55. Ide S, Kobayashi H, Ujike H, Ozaki N, Sekine Y, Inada T et al (2006) Linkage disequilibrium and association with methamphetamine dependence/psychosis of mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphisms. Pharmacogenomics J 6:179-188 (Pubitemid 43811569)
56. Iijima M, Nikaido T, Akiyama M, Moriya T, Shibata S (2002) Methamphetamine-induced, suprachiasmatic nucleus-independent circadian rhythms of activity and mPer gene expression in the striatum of the mouse. Eur J Neurosci 16:921-929 (Pubitemid 35463583)
57. Ikeda M, Iwata N, Suzuki T, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshiya Yet al (2006) Positive association of AKT1 haplotype to Japanese methamphetamine use disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9:77-81 (Pubitemid 43068336)
58. Ikeda M, Ozaki N, Suzuki T, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Yet al (2007) Possible association of beta-arrestin 2 gene with methamphetamine use disorder, but not schizophrenia. Genes Brain Behav 6:107-112 (Pubitemid 46090337)
59. Inada T, Iijima Y, Uchida N, Maeda T, Iwashita S, Ozaki N et al (2004) No association found between the type 1 sigma receptor gene polymorphisms and methamphetamine abuse in the Japanese population: a collaborative study by the Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse. Ann N YAcad Sci 1025:27-33 (Pubitemid 39643841)
60. Itoh K, Hashimoto K, Shimizu E, Sekine Y, Ozaki N, Inada T et al (2005) Association study between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and methamphetamine abusers in Japan. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 132B:70-73 (Pubitemid 40066199)
61. Iwanami A, Sugiyama A, Kuroki N, Toda S, Kato N, Nakatani Y et al (1994) Patients with methamphetamine psychosis admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Japan. Acta Psychiatr Scand 89:428-432 (Pubitemid 24210089)
62. Iwata N, Inada T, Harano M, Komiyama T, Yamada M, Sekine Y et al (2004) No association is found between the candidate genes of t-PA/plasminogen system and Japanese methamphetamine-related disorder: a collaborative study by the Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse. Ann N YAcad Sci 1025:34-38 (Pubitemid 39643842)
63. Iyo M, Sekine Y, Mori N (2004) Neuromechanism of developing methamphetamine psychosis: a neuroimaging study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1025:288-295 (Pubitemid 39643874)
64. Izquierdo A, Belcher AM, Scott L, Cazares VA, Chen J, O'Dell SJ et al (2010) Reversal-specific learning impairments after a binge regimen of methamphetamine in rats: possible involvement of striatal dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:505-514
65. Jeong SH, Joo EJ, Ahn YM, Lee KY, Kim YS (2006) Investigation of genetic association between human Frizzled homolog 3 gene (FZD3) and schizophrenia: results in a Korean population and evidence from meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 143:1-11 (Pubitemid 43833250)
66. Joo A, Shibata H, Ninomiya H, Kawasaki H, Tashiro N, Fukumaki Y (2001) Structure and polymorphisms of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 gene (GRM2): analysis of association with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 6:186-192 (Pubitemid 32187869)
67. Kanahara N, Miyatake R, Sekine Y, Inada T, Ozaki N, Iwata N et al (2009) Association study between the PIK4CA gene and methamphetamine use disorder in a Japanese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B:233-238
68. Kantrowitz JT, Malhotra AK, Cornblatt B, Silipo G, Balla A, Suckow RF et al (2010) High dose D-serine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 121:125-130
69. Kazahaya Y, Akimoto K, Otsuki S (1989) Subchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances methamphetamine- or cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in vivo. Biol Psychiatry 25:903-912 (Pubitemid 19122766)
70. Kew JN, Pflimlin MC, Kemp JA, Mutel V (2002) Differential regulation of synaptic transmission by mGlu2 and mGlu3 at the perforant path inputs to the dentate gyrus and CA1 revealed in mGlu2 -/- mice. Neuropharmacology 43:215-221 (Pubitemid 35247609)
71. Kinoshita Y, Ikeda M, Ujike H, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Aleksic B et al (2008) Association study of the calcineurin A gamma subunit gene (PPP3CC) and methamphetamine-use disorder in a Japanese population. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1139:57-62
72. Kishi T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K et al (2008) Prostate apoptosis response 4 gene is not associated with methamphetamine-use disorder in the Japanese population. Ann N YAcad Sci 1139:83-88
73. Kishi T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T,YamanouchiY, KinoshitaY, KawashimaKet al (2009a) A functional polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha gene is associated with Japanese methamphetamine induced psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:895-898
74. Kishi T, Tsunoka T, Ikeda M, Kawashima K, Okochi T, Kitajima T et al (2009b) Serotonin 1A receptor gene and major depressive disorder: an association study and meta-analysis. J Hum Genet 54:629-633
75. Kishi T, Tsunoka T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Kawashima K, Okochi T et al (2009c) Serotonin 1A receptor gene is associated with Japanese methamphetamine-induced psychosis patients. Neuropharmacology 58:452-456
76. Kishi T, Kitajima T, Tsunoka T, Okumura T, Okochi T, Kawashima K et al (2010) PR0KR2 is associated with methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34:1033-1036
77. Kishimoto M, Ujike H, Motohashi Y, Tanaka Y, Okahisa Y, Kotaka T et al (2008a) The dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) is associated with methamphetamine psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 63:191-196 (Pubitemid 350299318)
78. Kishimoto M, Ujike H, Okahisa Y, Kotaka T, TakakiM, KodamaMet al (2008b) The Frizzled 3 gene is associated with methamphetamine psychosis in the Japanese population. Behav Brain Funct 4:37
79. Kobayashi H, Hata H, Ujike H, Harano M, Inada T, Komiyama T et al (2006) Association analysis of delta-opioid receptor gene polymorphisms in methamphetamine dependence/psychosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B:482-486 (Pubitemid 44024442)
80. Kobayashi H, Ide S, Hasegawa J, Ujike H, Sekine Y, Ozaki N et al (2004) Study of association between alpha-synuclein gene polymorphism and methamphetamine psychosis/dependence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1025:325-334 (Pubitemid 39643878)
81. Koizumi H, Hashimoto K, Kumakiri C, Shimizu E, Sekine Y, Ozaki N et al (2004) Association between the glutathione S-transferase M1 gene deletion and female methamphetamine abusers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 126B:43-45 (Pubitemid 38420119)
82. Konradi C, Heckers S (2003) Molecular aspects of glutamate dysregulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment. Pharmacol Ther 97:153-179 (Pubitemid 36138820)
83. Kosloski LM, Ha DM, Hutter JA, Stone DK, Pichler MR, Reynolds AD et al (2010) Adaptive immune regulation of glial homeostasis as an immunization strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 114:1261-1276
84. Kotaka T, Ujike H, Morita Y, Kishimoto M, Okahisa Y, Inada T et al (2008) Association study between casein kinase 1 epsilon gene and methamphetamine dependence. Ann N YAcad Sci 1139:43-48
85. Kotaka T, Ujike H, Okahisa Y, Takaki M, Nakata K, Kodama M et al (2009) G72 gene is associated with susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:1046-1049
86. Krasnova IN, Cadet JL (2009) Methamphetamine toxicity and messengers of death. Brain Res Rev 60:379-407
87. Kuczenski R, Segal DS, Melega WP, Lacan G, McCunney SJ (2009) Human methamphetamine pharmacokinetics simulated in the rat: behavioral and neurochemical effects of a 72-h binge. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:2430-2441
88. Kuhn DM, Francescutti-Verbeem DM, Thomas DM (2008) Dopamine disposition in the presynaptic process regulates the severity of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1139:118-126
89. Lambert D, Gale JA, Hartley D (2008) Substance abuse by youth and young adults in rural America. J Rural Health 24:221-228
90. Le Francois B, Czesak M, Steubl D, Albert PR (2008) Transcriptional regulation at a HTR1A polymorphism associated with mental illness. Neuropharmacology 55:977-985
91. Leamon MH, Flower K, Salo RE, Nordahl TE, Kranzler HR, Galloway GP (2010) Methamphetamine and paranoia: the methamphetamine experience questionnaire. Am J Addict 19:155-168
92. Leelahanaj T, Kongsakon R, Netrakom P (2005) A 4-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine with haloperidol in the treatment of amphetamine psychosis. J Med Assoc Thai 88(suppl 3):S43-S52
93. Lemonde S, Turecki G, Bakish D, Du L, Hrdina PD, Bown CD et al (2003) Impaired repression at a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor gene polymorphism associated with major depression and suicide. J Neurosci 23:8788-8799 (Pubitemid 37176660)
94. Lemonde S, Du L, Bakish D, Hrdina P, Albert PR (2004) Association of the C(-1019)G 5-HT1A functional promoter polymorphism with antidepressant response. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7:501-506 (Pubitemid 39648081)
95. Li T, Chen CK, Hu X, Ball D, Lin SK, Chen W et al (2004) Association analysis of the DRD4 and COMT genes in methamphetamine abuse. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 129B:120-124 (Pubitemid 38989081)
96. Li W, Zhang Q, Oiso N, Novak EK, Gautam R, O'brien EP et al (2003) Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 7 (HPS-7) results from mutant dysbindin, a member of the biogenesis of lysosomerelated organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). Nat Genet 35:84-89 (Pubitemid 37048600)
97. Liu HC, Lin SK, Liu SK, Chen SL, Hu CJ, Chang JG et al (2004) DAT polymorphism and diverse clinical manifestations in methamphetamine abusers. Psychiatr Genet 14:33-37
98. Liu HC, Chen CK, Leu SJ, Wu HT, Lin SK (2006) Association between dopamine receptor D1 A-48 G polymorphism and methamphetamine abuse. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60:226-231
99. Lucas FR, Salinas PC (1997) WNT-7a induces axonal remodeling and increases synapsin I levels in cerebellar neurons. Dev Biol 192:31-44 (Pubitemid 28015644)
100. Lyon L, Kew JN, Corti C, Harrison PJ, Burnet PW (2008) Altered hippocampal expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in GRM2 and GRM3 knockout mice. Synapse 62:842-850
101. Machiyama Y (1992) Chronic methamphetamine intoxication model of schizophrenia in animals. Schizophr Bull 18:107-113
102. Maehara S, Hikichi H, Satow A, Okuda S, Ohta H (2008) Antipsychotic property of a muscarinic receptor agonist in animal models of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 91:140-149
103. Mahoney JJ 3rd, Kalechstein AD, De La Garza R 2nd, Newton TF (2008) Presence and persistence of psychotic symptoms in cocaine- versus methamphetamine-dependence participants. Am J Addict 17:83-98 (Pubitemid 351507725)
104. Manschreck TC, Laughery JA, Weisstein CC, Allen D, Humblestone B, Neville M et al (1988) Characteristics of freebase cocaine psychosis. Yale J Biol Med 61:115-122
105. Markou A, Chiamulera C, Geyer MA, Tricklebank M, Steckler T (2009) Removing obstacles in neuroscience drug discovery: the future path for animal models. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:74-89
106. Martinez V, Parikh V, Sarter M (2005) Sensitized attentional performance and Fos-immunoreactive cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of amphetamine-pretreated rats. Biol Psychiatry 57:1138-1146 (Pubitemid 40615775)
107. Matsumoto T, Karmijo A, Miyakawa T, Endo K, Yabana T, Kishimoto H et al (2002) Methamphetamine in Japan: the consequences of methamphetamine abuse as a function of route of administration. Addiction 97:809-817 (Pubitemid 34729095)
108. Matsuzawa D, Hashimoto K, Miyatake R, Shirayama Y, Shimizu E, Maeda K et al (2007) Identification of functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human PICK1 gene and their association with methamphetamine psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 164:1105-1114 (Pubitemid 47121400)
109. Mccreary AC, Jones CA (2010) Antipsychotic medication: the potential role of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonism. Curr Pharm Des 16:516-521
110. McKetin R, McLaren J, Lubman DI, Hides L (2006) The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine users. Addiction 101:1473-1478 (Pubitemid 44337772)
111. McKetin R, Ross J, Kelly E, Baker A, Lee N, Lubman DI et al (2008) Characteristics and harms associated with injecting versus smoking methamphetamine among methamphetamine treatment entrants. Drug Alcohol Rev 27:277-285
112. Misra LK, Kofoed L, Oesterheld JR, Richards GA (2000) Olanzapine treatment of methamphetamine psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 20:393-394
113. Mizoguchi H, Arai S, Koike H, Ibi D, Kamei H, Nabeshima T et al (2009) Therapeutic potential of nicotine for methamphetamineinduced impairment of sensorimotor gating: involvement of pallidotegmental neurons. Psychopharmacology 207:235-243
114. Moos RH, Brennan PL, Mertens JR (1994) Diagnostic subgroups and predictors of one-year re-admission among late-middleaged and older substance abuse patients. J Stud Alcohol 55:173-183 (Pubitemid 24080091)
115. Morio A, Ujike H, Nomura A, Tanaka Y, Morita Y, Otani K et al (2006) No association between CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) gene and methamphetamine dependence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1074:411-417 (Pubitemid 44532846)
116. Morita Y, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Uchida N, Nomura A, Ohtani K et al (2005a) A nonsynonymous polymorphism in the human fatty acid amide hydrolase gene did not associate with either methamphetamine dependence or schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 376:182-187 (Pubitemid 40255306)
117. Morita Y, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Uchida N, Nomura A, Otani K et al (2005b) The X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) gene is not associated with methamphetamine dependence. Neurosci Lett 383:194-198 (Pubitemid 40779981)
118. Morita Y, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Kishimoto M, Okahisa Y, Kotaka T et al (2008) The glycine transporter 1 gene (GLYT1) is associated with methamphetamine-use disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B:54-58
119. Mosley RL, Gendelman HE (2010) Control of neuroinflammation as a therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. Exp Neurol 222:1-5
120. Nakama H, Chang L, Cloak C, Jiang C, Alicata D, Haning W (2008) Association between psychiatric symptoms and craving in methamphetamine users. Am J Addict 17:441-446
121. Nakamura K, Chen CK, Sekine Y, Iwata Y, Anitha A, Loh El W et al (2009) An association study of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphism in methamphetamine psychosis. Neurosci Lett 455:120-123
122. Nestler EJ (2001) Molecular neurobiology of addiction. Am J Addict 10:201-217 (Pubitemid 32879087)
123. Ng KL, Li JD, Cheng MY, Leslie FM, Lee AG, Zhou QY (2005) Dependence of olfactory bulb neurogenesis on prokineticin 2 signaling. Science 308:1923-1927 (Pubitemid 40941878)
124. Nishikawa T, Mataga N, Takashima M, Toru M (1983) Behavioral sensitization and relative hyperresponsiveness of striatal and limbic dopaminergic neurons after repeated methamphetamine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 88:195-203 (Pubitemid 13109614)
125. Nishiyama T, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Suzuki T, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y et al (2005) Haplotype association between GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit gene (GABRG2) and methamphetamine use disorder. Pharmacogenomics J 5:89-95 (Pubitemid 40468115)
126. NSDUH Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2009) Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-36, HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4434) Rockville, MD, pp 242-243
127. Ohgake S, Hashimoto K, Shimizu E, Koizumi H, Okamura N, Koike K et al (2005) Functional polymorphism of the NQO2 gene is associated with methamphetamine psychosis. Addict Biol 10:145-148 (Pubitemid 40976383)
128. Okahisa Y, Ujike H, Kotaka T, Morita Y, Kodama M, Inada T et al (2009) Association between neuropeptide Y gene and its receptor Y1 gene and methamphetamine dependence. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 63:417-422
129. Okochi T, Kishi T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K et al (2009) Genetic association analysis of NRG1 with methamphetamine-induced psychosis in a Japanese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:903-905
130. Okuyama S, Chaki S, Kawashima N, Suzuki Y, Ogawa S, Kumagai T et al (1997) The atypical antipsychotic profile of NRA0045, a novel dopamine D4 and 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor antagonist, in rats. Br J Pharmacol 121:515-525 (Pubitemid 27226305)
131. Pulver AE, Lasseter VK, Kasch L, Wolyniec P, Nestadt G, Blouin JL et al (1995) Schizophrenia: a genome scan targets chromosomes 3p and 8p as potential sites of susceptibility genes. Am J Med Genet 60:252-260
132. Rawson RA, Gonzales R, Brethen P (2002) Treatment of methamphetamine use disorder: an update. J Subst Abuse Treat 23:145-150 (Pubitemid 36151695)
133. Reichel CM, Schwendt M, McGinty J, Olive MF, See RE (2011) Loss of object recognition memory produced by extended access to methamphetamine self-administration is reversed by positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Neuropsychopharmacology [advance online publication]
134. Robinson TE, Becker JB (1986) Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: a review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis. Brain Res 396:157-198 (Pubitemid 16100809)
135. Ross J, Berrettini W, Coryell W, Gershon ES, Badner JA, Kelsoe JR et al (2008) Genome-wide parametric linkage analyses of 644 bipolar pedigrees suggest susceptibility loci at chromosomes 16 and 20. Psychiatr Genet 18:191-198
136. Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2003) Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 479:23-40 (Pubitemid 37377873)
137. Rounsaville BJ, Anton SF, Carroll K, Budde D, Prusoff BA, Gawin F (1991) Psychiatric diagnoses of treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:43-51
138. Salo R, Nordahl TE, Leamon MH, Natsuaki Y, Moore CD,Waters C et al (2008)
139. SAMHSA [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration], Office of Applied Studies (2009) Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 1998-2008, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, Drugs and Alcohol Services Information System Series: S-50, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 09-4471, Rockville, MD, 52
140. Sartorius LJ, Weinberger DR, Hyde TM, Harrison PJ, Kleinman JE, Lipska BK (2008) Expression of a GRM3 splice variant is increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals carrying a schizophrenia risk SNP. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:2626-2634
141. Sato M (1992) A lasting vulnerability to psychosis in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 654:160-170
142. Schumacher J, Jamra RA, Freudenberg J, Becker T, Ohlraun S, Otte AC et al (2004) Examination of G72 and D-amino-acid oxidase as genetic risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 9:203-207 (Pubitemid 38299535)
143. Segal DS, Mandell AJ (1974) Long-term administration of damphetamine: progressive augmentation of motor activity and stereotypy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2:249-255
144. Segal DS, Geyer MA, Schuckit MA (1981) Stimulant-induced psychosis: an evaluation of animal methods. Essays Neurochem Neuropharmacol 5:95-129
145. Segal DS, Kuczenski R (1997) Repeated binge exposures to amphetamine and methamphetamine: behavioral and neurochemical characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282:561-573 (Pubitemid 27340153)
146. Segal DS, Kuczenski R (1999) Escalating dose-binge treatment with methylphenidate: role of serotonin in the emergent behavioral profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291:19-30 (Pubitemid 29451568)
147. Sekine Y, Iyo M, Ouchi Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukada H, Okada H et al (2001) Methamphetamine-related psychiatric symptoms and reduced brain dopamine transporters studied with PET. Am J Psychiatry 158:1206-1214 (Pubitemid 32717692)
148. Sekine Y, Minabe Y, Ouchi Y, Takei N, Iyo M, Nakamura K et al (2003) Association of dopamine transporter loss in the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices with methamphetamine-related psychiatric symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 160:1699-1701 (Pubitemid 41079561)
149. Shinba T, Yamamoto K, Cao GM, Mugishima G, Andow Y, Hoshino T (1996) Effects of acute methamphetamine administration on spacing in paired rats: investigation with an automated videoanalysis method. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 20:1037-1049 (Pubitemid 26300471)
150. Shoptaw S, Peck J, Reback FJ, Rotheram-Fuller E (2003) Psychiatric and susbstance dependence comorbidities, sexually t ransmitted diseases, and r isk behaviors among methamphetamine-dependenct gay and bisexual men seeking outpatient drug abuse treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 35 (Suppl1):161-168 (Pubitemid 36676106)
151. Srisurapanont M, Ali R, Marsden J, Sunga A, Wada K, Monteiro M (2003) Psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine psychotic inpatients. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6:347-352
152. Stone DK, Reynolds AD, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE (2009) Innate and adaptive immunity for the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 11:2151-2166
153. Straub RE, Jiang Y, Maclean CJ, Ma Y, Webb BT, Myakishev MVet al (2002) Genetic variation in the 6p22.3 gene DTNBP1, the human ortholog of the mouse dysbindin gene, is associated with schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 71:337-348 (Pubitemid 34800250)
154. Suzuki A, Nakamura K, Sekine Y, Minabe Y, Takei N, Suzuki K et al (2006) An association study between catechol-O-methyl transferase gene polymorphism and methamphetamine psychotic disorder. Psychiatr Genet 16:133-138 (Pubitemid 44491779)
155. Takigawa M, Maeda H, Ueyama K, Tominaga H, Matsumoto K (1993) A dual approach to self-stimulation and locomotor trace affected by chronic methamphetamine treatment for an animal model of schizophrenia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 71:321-325 (Pubitemid 23287173)
156. Talbot K, Eidem WL, Tinsley CL, Benson MA, Thompson EW, Smith RJ et al (2004) Dysbindin-1 is reduced in intrinsic, glutamatergic terminals of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. J Clin Invest 113:1353-1363 (Pubitemid 39069934)
157. Thomas DM, Francescutti-Verbeem DM, Liu X, Kuhn DM (2004a) Identification of differentially regulated transcripts in mouse striatum following methamphetamine treatment-an oligonucleotide microarray approach. J Neurochem 88:380-393 (Pubitemid 38084554)
158. Thomas DM, Walker PD, Benjamins JA, Geddes TJ, Kuhn DM (2004b) Methamphetamine neurotoxicity in dopamine nerve endings of the striatum is associated with microglial activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311:1-7 (Pubitemid 39287777)
159. Thomas DM, Francescutti-Verbeem DM, Kuhn DM (2008a) The newly synthesized pool of dopamine determines the severity of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 105:605-616 (Pubitemid 351562714)
160. Thomas DM, Francescutti-Verbeem DM, Kuhn DM (2008b) Methamphetamine- induced neurotoxicity and microglial activation are not mediated by fractalkine receptor signaling. J Neurochem 106:696-705
161. Tsunoka T, Kishi T, Kitajima T, Okochi T, Okumura T, Yamanouchi Y et al (2010) Association analysis of GRM2 and HTR2A with methamphetamine-induced psychosis and schizophrenia in the Japanese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34:639-644
162. Ujike H (2002) Stimulant-induced psychosis and schizophrenia: the role of sensitization. Curr Psychiatry Rep 4:177-184
163. Ujike H, Sato M (2004) Clinical features of sensitization to methamphetamine observed in patients with methamphetamine dependence and psychosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1025:279-287 (Pubitemid 39643873)
164. Ujike H, Ogawa N, Otsuki S (1988) Effects of acute and long-term treatment with methamphetamine on substance P concentration and receptor numbers in the rat brain. Brain Res 453:136-142
165. Ujike H, Onoue T, Akiyama K, Hamamura T, Otsuki S (1989) Effect of selective D-1 and D-2 dopamine antagonists on development of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Psychopharmacology 98:89-92 (Pubitemid 19117349)
166. Ujike H, Kanzaki A, Okumura K, Akiyama K, Otsuki S (1992) Sigma (sigma) antagonist BMY 14802 prevents methamphetamineinduced sensitization. Life Sci 50:PL129-PL134
167. Ujike H, Harano M, Inada T, Yamada M, Komiyama T, Sekine Y et al (2003) Nine- or fewer repeat alleles in VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is a strong risk factor for prolonged methamphetamine psychosis. Pharmacogenomics J 3:242-247 (Pubitemid 37160980)
168. Ujike H, Sakai A, Nakata K, Tanaka Y, Kodaka T, Okahisa Y et al (2006) Association study of the dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 gene and methamphetamine psychosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1074:90-96 (Pubitemid 44532813)
169. Ujike H, Katsu T, Okahisa Y, Takaki M, Kodama M, Inada T et al (2009) Genetic variants of D2 but not D3 or D4 dopamine receptor gene are associated with rapid onset and poor prognosis of methamphetamine psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:625-629
170. UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report (2009) http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ATS/ Global-ATS-Assessment-2009-Web. pdf, 280
171. Utena H (1961) A special type of model psychosis: a chronic methamphetamine intoxication in man and animal. Brain Nerve 13:687-692
172. Utena H (1966) Behavioral aberrations in methamphetamineintoxicated animals and chemical correlates in the brain. Prog Brain Res 21B:192-207
173. van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, De Graaf R, Verdoux H (2002) Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population based study. Am J Epidemiol 156:319-327 (Pubitemid 34857999)
174. Volkow ND, Chang L, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Ding YS, Sedler M et al (2001a) Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 158:2015-2021 (Pubitemid 33104107)
175. Volkow ND, Chang L,Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Franceschi D, Sedler M et al (2001b) Loss of dopamine transporters in methamphetamine abusers recovers with protracted abstinence. J Neurosci 21:9414-9418 (Pubitemid 33096884)
176. Volkow ND, Chang L, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Leonido-Yee M, Franceschi D et al (2001c) Association of dopamine transporter reduction with psychomotor impairment in methamphetamine abusers. Am J Psychiatry 158:377-382 (Pubitemid 32205193)
177. Volz TJ, Fleckenstein AE, Hanson GR (2007) Methamphetamineinduced alterations in monoamine transport: implications for neurotoxicity, neuroprotection and treatment. Addiction 102 (Suppl 1):44-48 (Pubitemid 46328209)
178. Wallace C, Galloway T, McKetin R, Kelly E, Leary J (2009) Methamphetamine use, dependence and treatment access in rural and regional North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 28:592-599
179. Wang HY, Liu T, Malbon CC (2006a) Structure-function analysis of Frizzleds. Cell Signal 18:934-941
180. Wang Y, Zhang J, Mori S, Nathans J (2006b) Axonal growth and guidance defects in Frizzled3 knock-out mice: a comparison of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, neurofilament staining, and genetically directed cell labeling. J Neurosci 26:355-364 (Pubitemid 43237097)
181. Weickert CS, Miranda-Angulo AL, Wong J, Perlman WR, Ward SE, Radhakrishna V et al (2008) Variants in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and its mRNA contribute to risk for schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 17:2293-2309
182. Weisner C, Mertens J, Parthasarathy S, Moore C, Hunkeler EM, Hu T et al (2000) The outcome and cost of alcohol and drug treatment in an HMO: day hospital versus traditional outpatient regimens. Health Serv Res 35:791-812
183. Wilson JM, Kalasinsky KS, Levey AI, Bergeron C, Reiber G, Anthony RMet al (1996) Striatal dopamine nerve terminal markers in human, chronic methamphetamine users. Nat Med 2:699-703 (Pubitemid 26191961)
184. Xu W, Zhu JP, Angulo JA (2005) Induction of striatal pre- and postsynaptic damage by methamphetamine requires the dopamine receptors. Synapse 58:110-121 (Pubitemid 41443747)
185. Yagi M (1963) Factors influencing the general activity in rats: 2. Effects of methamphetamine. Ann Anim Psychol 13:37-47
186. Yang J, Si T, Ling Y, Ruan Y, Han Y, Wang X et al (2003) Association study of the human FZD3 locus with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 54:1298-1301 (Pubitemid 37464875)
187. Yen CF, Chong MY (2006) Comorbid psychiatric disorders, sex, and methamphetamine use in adolescents: a case-control study. Compr Psychiatry 47:215-220
188. Yoo JH, Cho JH, Yu HS, Lee KW, Lee BH, Jeong SM et al (2006) Involvement of 5-HT receptors in the development and expression of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization: 5-HT receptor channel and binding study. J Neurochem 99:976-988 (Pubitemid 44583454)
189. Yoshikawa T, Lin SK, Mori N (2006) Association analysis of SOD2 variants with methamphetamine psychosis in Japanese and Taiwanese populations. Hum Genet 120:243-252 (Pubitemid 44204013)
190. YueW, Kang G, Zhang Y, Qu M, Tang F, Han Yet al (2007) Association of DAOA polymorphisms with schizophrenia and clinical symptoms or therapeutic effects. Neurosci Lett 416:96-100 (Pubitemid 46428022)
191. Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T, Kamada Y (1999) Increased sensitivity to stress and episode recurrence in spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis. Psychopharmacology 145:267-272 (Pubitemid 29393476)
192. Yui K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T, Goto K (2000) Studies of amphetamine or methamphetamine psychosis in Japan: relation of methamphetamine psychosis to schizophrenia. Ann N YAcad Sci 914:1-12
193. Zhang Y, Yu X, Yuan Y, Ling Y, Ruan Y, Si T et al (2004) Positive association of the human frizzled 3 (FZD3) gene haplotype with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 129B:16-19 (Pubitemid 38989059)
194. Zweben JE, Cohen JB, Christian D, Galloway GP, Salinardi M, Parent D et al (2004) Psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users. Am J Addict 13:181-190 (Pubitemid 38585698)