Chloropicrin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Toxicology Letters

Volumn 211, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 239-245

  Pesonen, M ^a,b   Pasanen, M ^b   Loikkanen, J ^b   Naukkarinen, A ^c   Hemmila M ^d   Seulanto, H ^d   Kuitunen, T ^a,b   Vahakangas K ^b  

^a CENTRE FOR MILITARY MEDICINE   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^c KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^d FINNISH DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY   (Finland)

Author keywords

ER stress related proteins; Incapacitating agent; Oculotoxicity; Pesticide; Reactive oxygen species; Vacuoles

Indexed keywords

CHLOROPICRIN; GROWTH ARREST AND DNA DAMAGE INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 153; HEME OXYGENASE 1; PROTEIN P53; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ARTICLE; AUTOPHAGY; CELL LYSATE; CELL VACUOLE; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOPLASM; CYTOTOXICITY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOBLOTTING; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FOLDING; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

AUTOPHAGY; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HEME OXYGENASE (DECYCLIZING); HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; INSECTICIDES; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53; VACUOLES;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84860299269     PISSN: 03784274     EISSN: 18793169     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Babizhayev M.A. Biomarkers and special features of oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye linked to lens cataract and the trabecular injury in primary open-angle glaucoma: challenges of dual combination thereby with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and oral formulation of nonhydrolyzed carnosine. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2011, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00969.x.
2. Bourougaa K., Naski N., Boularan C., Mlynarczyk C., Candeias M.M., Marullo S., Fåhraeus R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces G2 cell-cycle arrest via mRNA translation of p55 isoform p53/47. Mol. Cell 2010, 38:78-88.
3. Dunn K.C., Aotaki-Keen A.E., Putkey F.R., Hjelmeland L.M. ARPE-19 a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line with differentiated properties. Exp. Eye Res. 1996, 62:155-169.
4. El-Deiry W.S. Regulation of p53 downstream genes. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1998, 18:345-357.
5. EPA-report, 2008. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, Chloropicrin, 1-52. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/chemlist.htm.
6. EPA-report Evaluation of chloropicrin as a toxic air contaminant, part B. Human Health Assessment 2009, 9:1-96.
7. Eskelinen E-L. To be or not to be? Examples of incorrect identification of autophagic compartments in conventional transmission electron microscopy of mammalian cells. Autophagy 2008, 4(2):257-260.
8. Fox D.A., Boyes W.K. Toxic responses of the ocular and visual system. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons 2008, 665-697. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York. C.D. Klaassen (Ed.).
9. Garry V.F., Nelson R.L., Griffith J., Harkins M. Preparation for human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultures human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 1990, 10:21-29.
10. Gonmori K., Muto H., Yamamoto T., Takahashi K. A case of homicidal intoxication by chloropicrin. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 1987, 8:135-138.
11. Hansen J., Bross P. A cellular viability assay to monitor drug toxicity. Methods in Molecular Biology 2010, 303-311. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. P. Bross, N. Gregersen (Eds.).
12. He C., Klionsky D.J. Regulation mechanisms and signalling pathways of autophagy. Annu. Rev. Genet. 2009, 43:67-93.
13. Høyer-Hansen M., Jäättelä M. Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium. Cell Death Differ. 2007, 14:1576-1582.
14. Hussain S.P., Harris C.C. p53 biological network: at the crossroad of the cellular-stress response pathway and molecular carcinogenesis. J. Nippon Med. Sch. 2006, 73:54-64.
15. Jia L., Liu Z., Sun L., Miller S.S., Ames B.N., Cotman C.W., Liu J. Acrolein, a toxicant in cigarette smoke, causes oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in RPE cells: protection by (R)-α-lipoic acid. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007, 48:339-348.
16. Kim I., Xu W., Reed J.C. Cell death and endoplasmic reticulum stress: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities. Nat. Rev. 2008, 7:1013-1030.
17. Lavin M.F., Gueven N. The complexity of p53 stabilization and activation. Cell Death Differ. 2006, 13:941-950.
18. Lewis D.F.V. Oxidative stress: the role of cytochromes P450 in oxygen activation. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2002, 77:1095-1100.
19. Li J., Lee B., Lee A.S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, multiple pathways and activation of p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and NOXA by p53. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:7260-7270.
20. Li J., Ni M., Lee B., Barron E., Hinton D.R., Lee A.S. The unfolded protein response regulator GRP78/BiP is required for endoplasmic reticulum integrity and stress-induced autophagy in mammalian cells. Cell Death Differ. 2008, 15:1460-1471.
21. Liviac D., Creus A., Macros R. Genotoxicity analysis of two halonitromethanes a novel group of disinfection by-products (DBPs), in human cells treated in vitro. Environ. Res. 2009, 109:232-238.
22. Loikkanen J., Naarala J., Vähäkangas K.H., Savolainen K.M. Glutamate increases toxicity of inorganic lead in GT1-7 neurons: partial protection indiced by flunarizine. Arch. Toxicol. 2003, 77:663-671.
23. Mackworth J.F. The inhibition of thiol enzymes by lachrymators. Biochem. J. 1948, 82-90.
24. Maddocks O.D.K., Vousden K.H. Metabolic regulation by p53. J. Mol. Med. 2011, 89:237-245.
25. McCullough K.D., Martindale J.L., Klotz L.O., AW T.Y., Holbrook N.J. Gadd153 sensitizes cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress by down-regulating Bcl2 and perturbing the cellular redox state. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21:1249-1259.
26. Ogata M., Hino S., Saito A., Morikawa K., Kondo S., Kanemoto S., Murakami T., Taniguchi M., Tanii I., Yoshinaga K., Shiosaka S., Hammarback J.A., Urano F., Imaizumi K. Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:9220-9231.
27. Oriel M., Edmiston S., Beauvais S., Barry T., O'Malley M. Illnesses associated with chloropicrin use in California agriculture, 1992-2003. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2009, vol. 200. Springer Sciences, LLC.
28. Oyadomari S., Mori M. Roles of CHOP/GADD 153 in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ. 2004, 11:381-389.
29. Pluquet O., Qu Li-Ke., Baltzis D., Koromilas A.E. Endoplasmic reticulum stress accelerates p53 degradation by the cooperative action of Hdm2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25:9392-9405.
30. Qu L., Huang S., Baltzis D., et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces p53 cytoplasmic localization and prevents p53-dependent apoptosis by a pathway involving glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Gene. Dev. 2004, 18:261-277.
31. Ruzo L.O. Physical chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumicant. Pest Manag. Sci. 2006, 62:99-113.
32. Ryter S.W., Choi A.M. Heme oxygenase-1: molecular mechanisms of gene expression in oxygen-related stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2002, 4:625-632.
33. 46, in response to ionizing radiation. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:12491-12494.
34. Salminen A., Kauppinen A., Hyttinen J.M., Toropainen E., Kaarniranta K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in age-related macular degeneration: trigger for neovascularization. Mol. Med. 2010, 16:535-542.
35. Schneider M., Quistad G.B., Casida J.E. Glutathione activation of chloropicrin in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 1999, 439:233-238.
36. Schröder M., Kaufman R.J. The mammalian unfolded protein response. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2005, 74:739-789.
37. Sparks S.E., Quistad G.B., Casida J.E. Chloropicrin reactions with biological thiols and metabolism in mice. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10:1001-1007.
38. Sparks S.E., Quiatad G.B., Li W., Casida J.E. Chloropicrin dechlorination in relation to toxic action. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2000, 14:26-32.
39. Strauss O. The retinal pigment epithelium in visual function. Physiol. Rev. 2005, 85:845-881.
40. Sutherland R.G. Chemical and biochemical non-lethal weapons. SPRI Policy Paper 2004, 23:1-41.
41. Tampio M., Loikkanen J., Myllynen P., Mertanen A., Vähäkangas K.H. Benzo(a)pyrene increases phosphorylation of p53 at serine 392 in relation to p53 induction and cell death in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol. Lett. 2008, 178:152-159.
42. Trump B.F., Berezesky I.K., Chang S.H., Phelps P.C. The pathways of cell death oncosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. Toxicol. Pathol. 1997, 25:81-88.
43. Urano F., Bertolotti A., Ron D. IRE1 and efferent signalling from endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Sci. 2000, 113:3697-3702.
44. Vogelstein B., Lane D., Levine A.J. Surfin the p53 network. Nature 2000, 408:307-310.
45. Wang X-Z., Harding H.P., Zhang Y., Jolicoeur E.M., Kuroda M., Ron D. Cloning of mammalian Ire1 reveals diversity in the ER stress responses. EMBO J. 1998, 17:5708-5717.
46. Yamaguchi H., Wang H.-G. CHOP is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by enhancing DR5 expression in human carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:45495-45502.
47. Zinszner H., Kuroda M., Wang X.Z., Batchvarova N., Lightfoot R., Remotti H., Stevens J.L., Ron D. CHOP is implicated in programmed cell death in response to impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Gene. Dev. 1998, 12:982-995.