Clinical applications of lung function tests: A revisit

Respirology

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 611-619

  Liang, Bin Miao ^a   Lam, David C L ^b   Feng, Yu Lin ^a  

^a SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

clinical applications; lung function test; spirometry

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID;

ASTHMA; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; HUMAN; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LUNG CAPACITY; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; OSCILLOMETRY; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROVOCATION TEST; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPIROMETRY;

BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TESTS; DYSPNEA; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMANS; LUNG DISEASES; OSCILLOMETRY; PULMONARY DIFFUSING CAPACITY; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; SPIROMETRY; VITAL CAPACITY;

EID: 84859921018     PISSN: 13237799     EISSN: 14401843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02149.x     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Ferguson GT, Enright PL, Buist AS, et al,. Office spirometry for lung health assessment in adults: a consensus statement from the National Lung Health Education Program. Chest 2000; 117: 1146-61. (Pubitemid 30228377)
2. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al,. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26: 948-68. (Pubitemid 41632054)
3. Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, et al,. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 532-55. (Pubitemid 47403272)
4. Bateman ED, Hurd SS, Barnes PJ, et al,. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 31: 143-78.
5. Celli BR, Halbert RJ, Isonaka S, et al,. Population impact of different definitions of airway obstruction. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22: 268-73. (Pubitemid 36986996)
6. Lamprecht B, Schirnhofer L, Tiefenbacher F, et al,. Six-second spirometry for detection of airway obstruction: a population-based study in Austria. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 460-4. (Pubitemid 47364622)
7. Swanney MP, Jensen RL, Crichton DA, et al,. FEV(6) is an acceptable surrogate for FVC in the spirometric diagnosis of airway obstruction and restriction. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162: 917-19.
8. Jing JY, Huang TC, Cui W, et al,. Should FEV1/FEV6 replace FEV1/FVC ratio to detect airway obstruction? A metaanalysis. Chest 2009; 135: 991-8.
9. Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Weinberger SE, et al,. Diagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society. Ann. Intern. Med. 2011; 155: 179-91.
10. Qaseem A, Snow V, Shekelle P, et al,. Diagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med. 2007; 147: 633-8. (Pubitemid 351664484)
11. Koulouris NG, Hardavella G,. Physiological techniques for detecting expiratory flow limitation during tidal breathing. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2011; 20: 147-55.
12. Calverley PM, Koulouris NG,. Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 186-99. (Pubitemid 40207749)
13. Stocks J, Quanjer PH,. Reference values for residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. ATS Workshop on Lung Volume Measurements. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 492-506.
14. Gappa M, Fletcher ME, Dezateux CA, et al,. Comparison of nitrogen washout and plethysmographic measurements of lung volume in healthy infants. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148: 1496-501. (Pubitemid 24002477)
15. Pistelli F, Bottai M, Carrozzi L, et al,. Reference equations for spirometry from a general population sample in Central Italy. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 814-25.
16. Ip MS, Ko FW, Lau AC, et al,. Updated spirometric reference values for adult Chinese in Hong Kong and implications on clinical utilization. Chest 2006; 129: 384-92. (Pubitemid 43289859)
17. Burke JR, Duarte IG, Thourani VH, et al,. Preoperative risk assessment for marginal patients requiring pulmonary resection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2003; 76: 1767-73. (Pubitemid 37378367)
18. Datta D, Lahiri B,. Preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing lung resection surgery. Chest 2003; 123: 2096-103. (Pubitemid 36706738)
19. Lawrence VA, Dhanda R, Hilsenbeck SG, et al,. Risk of pulmonary complications after elective abdominal surgery. Chest 1996; 110: 744-50.
20. Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson TJ, et al,. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006; 4: CD003793.
21. Ries AL, Kaplan RM, Limberg TM, et al,. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiologic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 1995; 122: 823-32.
22. Roughton FJ, Forster RE,. Relative importance of diffusion and chemical reaction rates in determining rate of exchange of gases in the human lung, with special reference to true diffusing capacity of pulmonary membrane and volume of blood in the lung capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol. 1957; 11: 290-302.
23. van der Lee I, Zanen P, Grutters JC, et al,. Diffusing capacity for nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2006; 129: 378-83. (Pubitemid 43289858)
24. Lamberto C, Nunes H, Le Toumelin P, et al,. Membrane and capillary blood components of diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: relation to exercise gas exchange. Chest 2004; 125: 2061-8. (Pubitemid 38788170)
25. Cotes JE, Chinn DJ, Quanjer PH, et al,. Standardization of the measurement of transfer factor (diffusing capacity). Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 1993; 16: 41-52.
26. Wilson AF, Hearne J, Brenner M, et al,. Measurement of transfer factor during constant exhalation. Thorax 1994; 49: 1121-6. (Pubitemid 24339822)
27. Leathart GL,. Steady-state diffusing capacity determined by a simplified method. Thorax 1962; 17: 302-7.
28. 2 and CO measured by a rebreathing technique. J. Appl. Physiol. 1981; 51: 1643-50. (Pubitemid 12209952)
29. Macintyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, et al,. Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26: 720-35. (Pubitemid 41448672)
30. Miller A, Thornton JC, Warshaw R, et al,. Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of Michigan, a large industrial state. Predicted values, lower limits of normal, and frequencies of abnormality by smoking history. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 127: 270-7. (Pubitemid 13109055)
31. Ip MS, Lam WK, Lai AY, et al,. Reference values of diffusing capacity of non-smoking Chinese in Hong Kong. Respirology 2007; 12: 599-606. (Pubitemid 46961813)
32. Plummer AL,. The carbon monoxide diffusing capacity: clinical implications, coding, and documentation. Chest 2008; 134: 663-7.
33. Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al,. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 2645-53. (Pubitemid 38787999)
34. Bernstein RJ, Ford RL, Clausen JL, et al,. Membrane diffusion and capillary blood volume in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1996; 110: 1430-6. (Pubitemid 26425139)
35. Izumiyama T, Hida W, Ichinose M, et al,. Small airway involvement in mixed connective tissue disease. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1993; 170: 273-83.
36. Schachter LM, Dixon J, Pierce RJ, et al,. Severe gastroesophageal reflux is associated with reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Chest 2003; 123: 1932-8. (Pubitemid 36706714)
37. Guvener N, Tutuncu NB, Akcay S, et al,. Alveolar gas exchange in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr. J. 2003; 50: 663-7. (Pubitemid 38139948)
38. De BK, Sen S, Biswas PK, et al,. Clinical and haemodynamic aspects of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Indian patients with cirrhosis. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000; 15: 412-16. (Pubitemid 30262209)
39. Greening AP, Hughes JM,. Serial estimations of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in intrapulmonary haemorrhage. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 1981; 60: 507-12. (Pubitemid 11002230)
40. Collard P, Njinou B, Nejadnik B, et al,. Single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in stable asthma. Chest 1994; 105: 1426-9. (Pubitemid 24152598)
41. Collard P, Wilputte JY, Aubert G, et al,. The single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. Chest 1996; 110: 1189-93. (Pubitemid 26380471)
42. Saydain G, Beck KC, Decker PA, et al,. Clinical significance of elevated diffusing capacity. Chest 2004; 125: 446-52. (Pubitemid 38223622)
43. Krogh M,. The diffusion of gases through the lungs of man. J. Physiol. 1915; 49: 271-300.
44. Hughes JM, Pride NB,. In defence of the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient Kco (TL/VA). Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 168-74. (Pubitemid 32600573)
45. Hughes JM,. The single breath transfer factor (Tl,co) and the transfer coefficient (Kco): a window onto the pulmonary microcirculation. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2003; 23: 63-71. (Pubitemid 36372467)
46. Joos GF, O'Connor B, Anderson SD, et al,. Indirect airway challenges. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 1050-68. (Pubitemid 36675625)
47. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, et al,. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 309-29.
48. Cockcroft D, Davis B,. Direct and indirect challenges in the clinical assessment of asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 103: 363-9. quiz 9-72, 400.
49. Sverrild A, Porsbjerg C, Thomsen SF, et al,. Airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol and methacholine and exhaled nitric oxide: a random-sample population study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010; 126: 952-8.
50. Van Schoor J, Joos GF, Pauwels RA,. Indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma: mechanisms, pharmacology and implications for clinical research. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16: 514-33.
51. Martin RJ, Wanger JS, Irvin CG, et al,. Methacholine challenge testing: safety of low starting FEV1. Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN). Chest 1997; 112: 53-6.
52. Schafroth Torok S, Leuppi JD,. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Swiss Med. Wkly 2007; 137: 385-91.
53. Ciprandi G, Signori A, Cirillo I,. Relationship between bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchodilation in patients with allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106: 460-6.
54. Nishimura Y, Yu Y, Kotani Y, et al,. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide in patients with cardiac disease. Respiration 2001; 68: 41-5. (Pubitemid 32172953)
55. Xu X, Rijcken B, Schouten JP, et al,. Airways responsiveness and development and remission of chronic respiratory symptoms in adults. Lancet 1997; 350: 1431-4. (Pubitemid 28036864)
56. Burney PG, Britton JR, Chinn S, et al,. Descriptive epidemiology of bronchial reactivity in an adult population: results from a community study. Thorax 1987; 42: 38-44. (Pubitemid 17223807)
57. Rijcken B, Schouten JP, Xu X, et al,. Airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine associated with accelerated decline in FEV1. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 151: 1377-82.
58. Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, et al,. A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 339: 1194-200.
59. Wise RA, Kanner RE, Lindgren P, et al,. The effect of smoking intervention and an inhaled bronchodilator on airways reactivity in COPD: the Lung Health Study. Chest 2003; 124: 449-58. (Pubitemid 37000119)
60. Hospers JJ, Postma DS, Rijcken B, et al,. Histamine airway hyper-responsiveness and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study. Lancet 2000; 356: 1313-17.
61. Sont JK, Han J, van Krieken JM, et al,. Relationship between the inflammatory infiltrate in bronchial biopsy specimens and clinical severity of asthma in patients treated with inhaled steroids. Thorax 1996; 51: 496-502. (Pubitemid 26160470)
62. Green RH, Brightling CE, McKenna S, et al,. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1715-21. (Pubitemid 35447900)
63. Goldman MD, Saadeh C, Ross D,. Clinical applications of forced oscillation to assess peripheral airway function. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2005; 148: 179-94. (Pubitemid 41135872)
64. Burns GP, Gibson GJ,. A novel hypothesis to explain the bronchconstrictor effect of deep inspiration in asthma. Thorax 2002; 57: 116-19. (Pubitemid 34123883)
65. Oostveen E, MacLeod D, Lorino H, et al,. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22: 1026-41. (Pubitemid 37540659)
66. Nielsen KG, Bisgaard H,. Discriminative capacity of bronchodilator response measured with three different lung function techniques in asthmatic and healthy children aged 2 to 5 years. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 554-9. (Pubitemid 32801655)
67. Borrill ZL, Houghton CM, Woodcock AA, et al,. Measuring bronchodilation in COPD clinical trials. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2005; 59: 379-84. (Pubitemid 40523880)
68. Ren CL, Brucker JL, Rovitelli AK, et al,. Changes in lung function measured by spirometry and the forced oscillation technique in cystic fibrosis patients undergoing treatment for respiratory tract exacerbation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2006; 41: 345-9.
69. Aihara K, Oga T, Harada Y, et al,. Analysis of anatomical and functional determinants of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2011. doi: 10.1007/s11325-011-0528-7.
70. Irwin RS, Baumann MH, Bolser DC, et al,. Diagnosis and management of cough executive summary: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129: 1S-23S. (Pubitemid 43265198)
71. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Belvisi MG, et al,. ERS guidelines on the assessment of cough. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 1256-76. (Pubitemid 46895388)
72. Gustafsson LE, Leone AM, Persson MG, et al,. Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991; 181: 852-7.
73. Warke TJ, Fitch PS, Brown V, et al,. Exhaled nitric oxide correlates with airway eosinophils in childhood asthma. Thorax 2002; 57: 383-7. (Pubitemid 34494145)
74. Smith AD, Cowan JO, Brassett KP, et al,. Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352: 2163-73.
75. Gaston B, Drazen JM, Loscalzo J, et al,. The biology of nitrogen oxides in the airways. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 149: 538-51. (Pubitemid 24069009)
76. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ,. Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1693-722. (Pubitemid 32578777)
77. American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS). ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 912-30.
78. Condorelli P, Shin HW, Aledia AS, et al,. A simple technique to characterize proximal and peripheral nitric oxide exchange using constant flow exhalations and an axial diffusion model. J. Appl. Physiol. 2007; 102: 417-25. (Pubitemid 46089793)
79. Dressel H, de la Motte D, Reichert J, et al,. Exhaled nitric oxide: independent effects of atopy, smoking, respiratory tract infection, gender and height. Respir. Med. 2008; 102: 962-9.
80. Malmberg LP, Petays T, Haahtela T, et al,. Exhaled nitric oxide in healthy nonatopic school-age children: determinants and height-adjusted reference values. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2006; 41: 635-42.
81. Travers J, Marsh S, Aldington S, et al,. Reference ranges for exhaled nitric oxide derived from a random community survey of adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 238-42. (Pubitemid 47195873)
82. Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al,. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2011; 184: 602-15.
83. Hogman M, Holmkvist T, Wegener T, et al,. Extended NO analysis applied to patients with COPD, allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Respir. Med. 2002; 96: 24-30. (Pubitemid 41122766)
84. Shin HW, Rose-Gottron CM, Sufi RS, et al,. Flow-independent nitric oxide exchange parameters in cystic fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 349-57. (Pubitemid 34118508)
85. Kharitonov SA, Wells AU, O'Connor BJ, et al,. Elevated levels of exhaled nitric oxide in bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 151: 1889-93.
86. Kharitonov SA, Yates D, Barnes PJ,. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of normal human subjects with upper respiratory tract infections. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 295-7.
87. Pavord ID, Shaw DE, Gibson PG, et al,. Inflammometry to assess airway diseases. Lancet 2008; 372: 1017-19.
88. Smith AD, Cowan JO, Filsell S, et al,. Diagnosing asthma: comparisons between exhaled nitric oxide measurements and conventional tests. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 473-8. (Pubitemid 38187119)
89. Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Curran-Everett D, et al,. Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 119: 405-13. (Pubitemid 46210080)
90. Reid DW, Johns DP, Feltis B, et al,. Exhaled nitric oxide continues to reflect airway hyperresponsiveness and disease activity in inhaled corticosteroid-treated adult asthmatic patients. Respirology 2003; 8: 479-86. (Pubitemid 38009643)
91. Tsuburai T, Tsurikisawa N, Morita S, et al,. Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide measured by two offline methods and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Japanese adults with asthma. Allergol. Int. 2008; 57: 223-9.
92. Sippel JM, Holden WE, Tilles SA, et al,. Exhaled nitric oxide levels correlate with measures of disease control in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000; 106: 645-50.
93. Horvath I, Hunt J, Barnes PJ, et al,. Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26: 523-48. (Pubitemid 41264218)
94. Brightling CE,. Clinical applications of induced sputum. Chest 2006; 129: 1344-8.
95. Bayley DL, Abusriwil H, Ahmad A, et al,. Validation of assays for inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 31: 943-8.