Applying Cases to Solve Ethical Problems: The Significance of Positive and Process-Oriented Reflection

Ethics and Behavior

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 113-130

  Antes, Alison L ^a   Thiel, Chase E ^b   Martin, Laura E ^c   Stenmark, Cheryl K ^d   Connelly, Shane ^b   Devenport, Lynn D ^b   Mumford, Michael D ^b  

^a NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^c MIDWESTERN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d ANGELO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

case analysis; case method; cases; ethical decision making; experience; knowledge; self reflection

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859399967     PISSN: 10508422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2012.655646     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Alicke, M. D. and Sedikides, C. 2009. Self-enhancement and self-protection: What they are and what they do. European Review of Social Psychology, 20: 1-48.
2. Anderson, S. J. and Conway, M. A. 1993. Investigating the structure of autobiographical memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19: 1178-1196.
3. Anseel, F., Lievens, F. and Schollaert, E. 2009. Reflection as a strategy to enhance task performance after feedback. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110: 23-35.
4. Antes, A. L., Brown, R. P., Murphy, S. T., Waples, E. P., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2007. Personality and ethical decision-making in research: The role of perceptions of self and others. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 2: 15-34.
5. Antes, A. L., Murphy, S. T., Waples, E. P., Mumford, M. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2009. A meta-analysis of ethics instruction effectiveness in the sciences. Ethics and Behavior, 19: 28-52.
6. Antes, A. L., Wang, X., Mumford, M. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2010. Evaluating the effects that existing instruction of responsible conduct of research has on ethical decision-making. Academic Medicine, 85: 519-526.
7. Argembeau, A. D. and Van der Linden, M. 2003. Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance. Consciousness and Cognition, 13: 844-858.
8. Ashforth, B. E. and Anand, V. 2003. "The normalization of corruption in organizations". In Research in organizational behavior, Edited by: Kramer, R. M. and Staw, B. M. Vol. 25, 1-52. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier.
9. Ashton-James, C. E. and Ashkanasy, N. M. 2008. "Affective events theory: A strategic perspective". In Research on emotion in organizations: Emotions, ethics, and decision-making, Edited by: Zerbe, W. J., Härtel, C. E. J. and Ashkanasy, N. M. Vol. 4, 1-34. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.
10. Bell, B. S. and Kozlowski, S. W. K. 2008. Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93: 296-316.
11. Brown, R. P., Tamborski, M., Wang, X., Barnes, C. D., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2011. Moral credentialing and the rationalization of misconduct. Ethics and Behavior, 21: 1-12.
12. Daudelin, M. W. 1996. Learning from experience through reflection. Organizational Dynamics, 24: 36-48.
13. DeNeve, K. M. and Heppner, M. J. 1997. Role play simulations: The assessment of an active learning technique and comparisons with traditional lectures. Innovative Higher Education, 21: 231-246.
14. Denny, E. B. and Hunt, R. R. 1992. Affective valence and memory in depression: Dissociation of recall and fragment completion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101: 575-580.
15. Dörner, D. and Schaub, H. 1994. Errors in planning and decision-making and the nature of human information processing. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 43: 433-453.
16. Escalas, J. 2004. Imagine yourself in the product: Mental simulation, narrative transportation, and persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 33: 37-48.
17. Escalas, J. and Luce, M. 2003. Process versus outcome thought focus and advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13: 246-254.
18. Gaudine, A. and Thorne, L. 2001. Emotion and ethical decision-making in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 31: 175-187.
19. Gentner, D., Loewenstein, J. and Thompson, L. 2003. Learning and transfer: A general role for analogical encoding. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95: 393-408.
20. Gravin, D. A. 2007. Teaching executives and teaching MBAs: Reflections on the case method. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6: 364-374.
21. Gremler, D. D., Hoffman, K. D., Keaveney, S. M. and Wright, L. K. 2000. Experiential learning exercises in services marketing courses. Journal of Marketing Education, 22: 35-44.
22. Gross, J. J. 1998. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2: 271-299.
23. Haidt, J. 2001. The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108: 814-834.
24. Halbesleben, J. R. B., Wheeler, A. R. and Buckley, M. R. 2005. Everyone else is doing it, so why can't we? Pluralistic ignorance and business ethics education. Journal of Business Ethics, 56: 385-398.
25. Helton-Fauth, W., Gaddis, B., Scott, G., Mumford, M., Devenport, L., Connelly, S. and Brown, R. 2003. A new approach to assessing ethical conduct in scientific work. Accountability in Research, 10: 205-228.
26. Henson, S. W., Kennett, P. A. and Kennedy, K. N. 2003. Web-based cases in strategic marketing. Journal of Marketing Education, 25: 250-259.
27. Hewstone, M. 1990. The 'ultimate attribution error'? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20: 311-335.
28. Janiszewski, C., Silk, T. and Cooke, A. D. J. 2003. Different scales for different frames: The role of subjective scales and experience in explaining attribute framing effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 30: 11-325.
29. Jonassen, D. H. and Hernandez-Serrano, J. 2002. Case-based reasoning and instructional design: Using stories to support problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50: 65-77.
30. Josephson, B. R., Singer, J. A. and Salovey, P. 1996. Mood regulation and memory: Repairing sad moods with happy memories. Cognition and Emotion, 10: 437-444.
31. Kligyte, V., Connelly, S., Thiel, C., Devenport, L., Brown, R. and Mumford, M. Influence of emotions and emotion regulation strategies on ethical decision-making. Paper presented at the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology's 24th Annual Conference. New Orleans. April. LA
32. Kligyte, V., Marcy, R. T., Sevier, S. T., Godfrey, E. S. and Mumford, M. D. 2008. A qualitative approach to responsible conduct of research (RCR) training development: Identification of metacognitive strategies. Science and Engineering Ethics, 14: 3-31.
33. Kolodner, J. L. 1992. An introduction to case-based reasoning. Artificial Intelligence Review, 6: 3-34.
34. Kolodner, J. L. 1993. Case-based reasoning, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufman.
35. Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L. and Gaeth, G. J. 1998. All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76: 149-188.
36. Maitlis, S. and Ozcelik, H. 2004. Toxic decision processes: A study of emotion in organizational decision making. Organization Science, 15: 375-393.
37. Marquardt, N. and Hoeger, R. 2009. The effect of implicit moral attitudes on managerial decision-making: An implicit social cognition approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 85: 157-171.
38. Martin, L. E., Stenmark, C. K., Thiel, C. E., Antes, A. L., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2011. The influence of temporal orientation and affective frame on use of ethical decision-making strategies. Ethics and Behavior, 21: 127-146.
39. McAdoo, B. and Manwaring, M. 2009. Teaching for implementation: Designing negotiation curricula to maximize long-term learning. Negotiation Journal, 25: 195-215.
40. McWilliams, V. and Nahavandi, A. 2006. Using live cases to teach ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 67: 421-433.
41. Mezirow, J. 1990. Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
42. Motowidlo, S. J., Dunnette, M. D. and Carter, G. W. 1990. An alternative selection procedure: The low-fidelity simulation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 640-647.
43. Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., Brown, R. P., Murphy, S. T., Hill, J. H., Antes, A. L. and Devenport, L. D. 2008. A sensemaking approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness. Ethics and Behavior, 18: 315-339.
44. Mumford, M. D., Devenport, L. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, M. S., Murphy, S. T., Hill, J. H. and Antes, A. L. 2006. Validation of ethical decision-making measures: Evidence for a new set of measures. Ethics and Behavior, 16: 319-345.
45. Nokes, T. J. and Ohlsson, S. 2005. Comparing multiple paths to mastery: What is learned?. Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 29: 769-796.
46. Oettingen, G. and Mayer, D. 2002. The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 1198-1212.
47. Pham, L. B. and Taylor, S. E. 1999. From thought to action: Effects of process versus outcome-based mental stimulations on performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25: 250-260.
48. Pimple, K. D. (2007). Using case students in teaching research ethics (Paper 338). Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearninghouse. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/esense/338.
49. Pritchard, I. A. 1993. Integrity versus misconduct: Learning the difference between right and wrong. Academic Medicine, 68: 567-571.
50. Redmond, M. R., Mumford, M. D. and Teach, R. J. 1993. Putting creativity to work: Leader influences on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55120-151.
51. Rest, J. R. 1986. "An overview of the psychology of morality". In Moral development and behavior: Theory, research, and social issues, Edited by: Rest, J. R. 133-175. New York, NY: Praeger.
52. Reynolds, S. J. 2006. A neurocognitive model of the ethical decision-making process: Implications for study and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 737-748.
53. Ritter, B. A. 2006. Can business ethics be trained? A study of the ethical decision-making process in business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 68: 153-164.
54. Rivkin, I. D. and Taylor, S. E. 1999. The effects of mental simulation on coping with controllable stressful events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25: 1451-1462.
55. Rubin, D. C. and Berntsen, D. 2003. Life scripts help to maintain autobiographical memories of highly positive, but not highly negative, events. Memory & Cognition, 31: 1-14.
56. Ruch, F. L. and Ruch, W. W. 1980. Employee aptitude survey, Los Angeles, CA: Psychological Services.
57. Sarason, I. G., Potter, E. H. and Sarason, B. R. 1986. Recording and recall of personal events: Effects on cognitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 347-356.
58. Sedikides, C. and Green, J. D. 2004. What I don't recall can't hurt me: Information negativity versus information inconsistency as determinants of memorial self-defense. Social Cognition, 22: 4-29.
59. Sleeper, B., Schneider, K., Weber, P. and Weber, J. 2006. Scale and study of student attitudes toward business education's role in addressing social issues. Journal of Business Ethics, 68: 381-391.
60. Smith, S., Fryer-Edwards, K., Diekema, D. S. and Braddock, C. H. 2004. Finding effective strategies for teaching ethics: A comparison trial of two interventions. Academic Medicine, 79: 265-271.
61. Sonenshein, S. 2007. The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking-intuition model. Academy of Management Review, 32: 1022-1040.
62. Stansbury, J. and Barry, B. 2007. Ethics programs and the paradox of control. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17: 239-261.
63. Stenmark, C. K., Antes, A. L., Martin, L. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Johnson, J., Devenport, L. D. and Mumford, M. D. 2010. Ethics in the humanities: Findings from focus groups. Journal of Academic Ethics, 8: 285-300.
64. Strack, F. and Förster, J. 1998. Self-reflection and recognition: The role of metacognitive knowledge in the attribution of recollective experience. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2: 111-123.
65. Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D. and Armor, D. A. 1998. Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping. American Psychologist, 53: 429-439.
66. Tiedens, L. Z. and Linton, S. 2001. Judgment under emotional certainty and uncertainty: The effects of specific emotions and their associated certainty appraisals on cognitive processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81: 973-988.
67. Van Schie, E. C. M. and Van Der Pligt, J. 1995. Influencing risk preference in decision-making: The effects of framing and salience. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 63: 264-275.
68. Waples, E. P. and Antes, A. L. 2011. "Sensemaking: A fresh framework for ethics education in management". In Management education for integrity: Ethically educating tomorrow's business leaders (pp. 15-47), Edited by: Wankel, C. and Stachowicz-Stanusch, A. Bingley, UK: Emerald.
69. Watson, D., Clark, L. E. and Tellegen, A. 1988. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 1063-1070.
70. Wisco, B. E. and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. 2009. Valence of autobiographical memories: The role of mood, cognitive reappraisal, and suppression. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47: 697-704.
71. Yongqiang, G. 2008. An ethical judgment framework for corporate political actions. Journal of Public Affairs, 8: 153-163.