Differential multiphoton laser scanning microscopy

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 14-28

  Field, Jeffrey J ^a   Sheetz, Kraig E ^b   Chandler, Eric V ^a   Hoover, Erich E ^a   Young, Michael D ^a   Ding, Shi You ^c   Sylvester, Anne W ^d   Kleinfeld, David ^e   Squier, Jeff A ^a  

^a Department of Geology and Geological Engineering   (United States)

^b UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Fluorescence microscopy; nonlinear microscopy; nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation (SHG); two photon microscopy; ultrafast optics

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; EXCITATION PARAMETERS; FULLY COMPATIBLE; HIGH FRAME RATE; HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE; MATRIX; MEDICAL SCIENCE; MULTIFOCAL; MULTIPHOTON LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY; MULTIPLE IMAGE; NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING MEDIA; SINGLE SCAN; TWO PHOTON MICROSCOPY; ULTRAFAST OPTICS; VIDEO RATES;

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS;

DETECTORS;

EID: 84856974240     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2077622     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. W. Denk, J. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy," Science, vol. 248, pp. 73-78, 1990.
2. F. Helmchen and W. Denk, "Deep tissue two-photon microscopy," Nat. Methods, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 932-940, Dec. 2005. (Pubitemid 43108729)
3. D. Fu, T. E. Matthews, T. Ye, I. R. Piletic, and W. S. Warren, "Label-free in vivo optical imaging of microvasculature and oxygenation level," J. Biomed. Opt. , vol. 13, pp. 040 503-1-040 503-3, 2008. .
4. R. Hellwarth and P. Christensen, "Nonlinear optical microscopic examination of structure in polycrystalline ZnSe," Opt. Comm. , vol. 12, pp. 318-322, 1974.
5. C. J. R. Sheppard, R. Kompfner, J. Gannaway, and D. Walsh, "Scanning harmonic optical microscope," IEEE J. Quantum Electon. , vol. QE-13E, no. 9, p. 100D, Sep. 1977.
6. Y. Barad, H. Eisenberg, M. Horowitz, and Y. Silberberg, "Nonlinear scanning laser microscopy by third harmonic generation," App. Phys. Lett. , vol. 70, pp. 922-924, 1997. (Pubitemid 127638748)
7. J. A. Squier, M. Müller, G. J. Brakenhoff, and K. R. Wilson, "Third harmonic generation microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 3, pp. 315-324, 1998.
8. M. D. Duncan, J. Reintjes, and T. J. Manuccia, "Scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscope," Opt. Lett. , vol. 7, pp. 350-352, 1982.
9. A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, "Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering," Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 82, pp. 4142-4145, 1999. (Pubitemid 129689382)
10. J. Bewersdorf, R. Pick, and S. W. Hell, "Multifocal multiphoton microscopy," Opt. Lett. , vol. 23, pp. 655-657, Jan. 1998. (Pubitemid 128590668)
11. A. H. Buist, M. Müller, J. Squier, and G. J. Brakenhoff, "Real time two-photon absorption microscopy using multi point excitation," J. Microscopy, vol. 192, pp. 217-226, Nov. 1998. (Pubitemid 28539626)
12. F. Helmchen and W. Denk, "New developments in multiphoton microscopy," Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol. 12, pp. 593-601, 2002. (Pubitemid 35284097)
13. P. S. Tsai, J. P. Kaufhold, P. Blinder, B. Friedman, P. J. Drew, H. J. Karten, P. D. Lyden, andD. Kleinfeld, "Correlations of neuronal and microvascular densities in murine cortex revealed by direct counting and colocalization of nuclei and vessels," J. Neurosci. , vol. 29, no. 46, pp. 14 553-14 570, Nov. 2009.
14. R. Carriles, K. E. Sheetz, E. E. Hoover, J. A. Squier, and V. Barzda, "Simultaneous multifocal, multiphoton, photon counting microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 16, no. 14, pp. 10 364-10 371, Jan. 2008.
15. J. Bewersdorf, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, Nov. 2006, ch. 29, pp. 550-560.
16. K. Bahlmann, P. T. C. So, M. Kirber, R. Reich, B. Kosicki, W. McGonagle, and K. Bellve, " Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) at a frame rate beyond 600 Hz," Opt. Exp. , vol. 15, no. 17, pp. 10 991-10 998, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 47296156)
17. D. Fittinghoff, P. Wiseman, and J. Squier, "Widefield multiphoton and temporally decorrelated multifocal multiphoton microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 273-279, Jan. 2000.
18. W. Amir, T. Planchon, C. Durfee, and J. Squier, "Simultaneous visualization of spatial and chromatic aberrations by two-dimensional Fourier transform spectral interferometry," Opt. Lett. , vol. 31, pp. 2927-2929, Jan. 2006. (Pubitemid 44600115)
19. K. Sheetz, E. Hoover, R. Carriles, and D. Kleinfeld, " Advancingmultifocal nonlinear microscopy: Development and application of a novelmultibeam Yb:KGd(WO4 )2 oscillator," Opt. Exp. , vol. 16, pp. 17 574-17 584, Jan. 2008.
20. E. Chandler, E. Hoover, J. Field, and K. Sheetz, "High-resolution mosaic imagingwith multifocal, multiphoton photon-countingmicroscopy," App. Opt. , vol. 48, pp. 2067-2077, Jan. 2009.
21. D. Oron and Y. Silberberg, "Third-harmonic generation with cylindrical Gaussian beams," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 21, pp. 1964-1968, Jan. 2004.
22. G. J. Brakenhoff, J. Squier, T. Norris, A. C. Bliton, M. H. Wade, and B. Athey, "Real-time two-photon confocal microscopy using a femtosecond, amplified Ti:sapphire system," J. Microsc. , vol. 181, pp. 253-259, Jul. 1996. (Pubitemid 26124656)
23. D. Oron, E. Tal, and Y. Silberberg, "Scanningless depth-resolved microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1468-1476, Jan. 2005. (Pubitemid 40548703)
24. E. Tal, D. Oron, and Y. Silberberg, "Improved depth resolution in videorate line-scanning multiphoton microscopy using temporal focusing," Opt. Lett. , vol. 30, no. 13, pp. 1686-1688, 2005. (Pubitemid 40972041)
25. V. Andresen, A. Egner, and S. Hell, "Time-multiplexed multifocal multiphoton microscope," Opt. Lett. , vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 75-77, 2001. (Pubitemid 33693329)
26. D. Fittinghoff and J. Squier, "Time-decorrelated multifocal array for multiphoton microscopy and micromachining," Opt. Lett. , vol. 25, no. 16, pp. 1213-1215, Jan. 2000.
27. D. Fittinghoff, C. Schaffer, E. Mazur, and J. Squier, "Time-decorrelated multifocal micromachining and trapping," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. , vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 559-566, Jul. /Aug. 2001. (Pubitemid 34099699)
28. M. Fricke and T. Nielsen, "Two-dimensional imaging without scanning by multifocal multiphoton microscopy," App. Opt. , vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 2984-2988, Jan. 2005. (Pubitemid 40818591)
29. L. Sacconi, E. Froner, R. Antolini, M. Taghizadeh, A. Choudhury, and F. Pavone, "Multiphoton multifocal microscopy exploiting a diffractive optical element," Opt. Lett. , vol. 28, no. 20, pp. 1918-1920, Jan. 2003.
30. J. Jureller, H. Kim, and N. Scherer, "Stochastic scanning multiphoton multifocal microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 3406-3414, 2006.
31. C. B. Schaffer, B. Friedman, N. Nishimura, L. F. Schroeder, P. S. Tsai, F. F. Ebner, P. D. Lyden, and D. Kleinfeld, "Two-photon imaging of cortical surface microvessels reveals a robust redistribution in blood flow after vascular occlusion," PloS Biol. , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 0258-0270, Jan. 2006.
32. P. Theer, M. Hasan, and W. Denk, "Two-photon imaging to a depth of 1000 μm in living brains by use of a Ti:Al2 O3 regenerative amplifier," Opt. Lett. , vol. 28, pp. 1022-1024, Jan. 2003.
33. D. Kobat, M. E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A. W. Wong, C. B. Schaffer, and C. Xu, " Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation," Opt. Exp. , vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 13 354-13 364, Jan. 2009.
34. K. Kim, C. Buehler, and P. So, "High-speed, two-photon scanning microscope," App. Opt. , vol. 38, no. 28, pp. 6004-6009, Jan. 1999. (Pubitemid 129569777)
35. C. Buehler, K. Kim, U. Greuter, N. Schlumpf, and P. So, "Single-photon counting multicolor multiphoton fluorescence microscope," J. Fluorescence, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 41-51, Jan. 2005. (Pubitemid 40536205)
36. K. H. Kim, C. Buehler, K. Bahlmann, T. Ragan, W.-C. A. Lee, E. Nedivi, E. L. Heffer, S. Fantini, and P. T. C. So, "Multifocal multiphoton microscopy based on multianode photomultiplier tubes," Opt. Exp. , vol. 15, no. 18, pp. 11 658-11 678, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 47360599)
37. M. Kobayashi, K. Fujita, T. Kaneko, T. Takamatsu, O. Nakamura, and S. Kawata, "Second-harmonic-generation microscope with a microlens array scanner," Opt. Lett. , vol. 27, pp. 1324-1326, Jul. 2002. (Pubitemid 34854655)
38. E. J. Botcherby, M. J. Booth, R. Ju?skaitis, and T. Wilson, "Real-time extended depth of field microscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 16, pp. 21 843-21 848, 2008, 2012.
39. P. S. Tsai andD. Kleinfeld, "In vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy with concurrent plasma-mediated ablation: Principles and hardware realization," in Methods for In Vivo Optical Imaging, 2nd ed. , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009, ch. 3, pp. 59-115.
40. A. Cheng, J. T. Gonçalves, P. Golshani, K. Arisaka, and C. Portera-Cailliau, "Spatio-temporal excitation-emission multiplexing for highspeed deep tissue in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging," no. 484. 5. Society for Neuroscience, 2009.
41. Two-photon action cross sections. [Online]. Available: http://www. drbio. cornell. edu/TextDataFiles/YFP. txt.
42. R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. ed. New York: Academic, 2003.
43. W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, andW. W. Webb, "Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences," Nat. Biotechnol. , vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1369-1377, Nov. 2003. (Pubitemid 37356624)
44. R. Brown, A. Millard, and P. Campagnola, "Macromolecular structure of cellulose studied by second-harmonic generation imaging microscopy," Opt. Lett. , vol. 28, pp. 2207-2209, Jan. 2003.
45. O. Nadiarnykh, R. LaComb, P. Campagnola, and W. Mohler, "Coherent and incoherent SHG in fibrillar cellulose matrices," Opt. Exp. , vol. 15, pp. 3348-3360, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 46457198)
46. R. Carriles, D. N. Schafer, K. E. Sheetz, J. J. Field, R. Cisek, V. Barzda, A. W. Sylvester, and J. A. Squier, "Invited review article: Imaging techniques for harmonic and multiphoton absorption fluorescence microscopy," Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol. 80, pp. 081 101-1-081 101-23, 2009.
47. J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, "Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm," Opt. Lett. , vol. 25, pp. 25-27, 2000. (Pubitemid 33638739)
48. W. J. Wadsworth, A. Ortigosa-Blanch, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, T.-P. M. Man, and P. S. J. Russell, "Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers and optical fiber tapers: A novel light source," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 19, pp. 2148-2155, 2002.
49. S. Bourquin, A. D. Aguirre, I. Hartl, P. Hsiung, T. H. Ko, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh resolution real time OCT imaging using a compact femtosecond Nd:Glass laser and nonlinear fiber," Opt. Exp. , vol. 11, pp. 3290-3297, 2003.
50. G. Humbert, W. J. Wadsworth, S. G. Leon-Saval, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, "Supercontinuum generation system for optical coherence tomography based on tapered photonic crystal fibre," Opt. Exp. , vol. 14, pp. 1596-1603, 2006. (Pubitemid 43270824)
51. E. R. Andresen, H. N. Paulsen, V. Birkedal, J. Thogersen, and R. K. Soren, "Broadband multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy employing photonic-crystal fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 22, pp. 1934-1938, 2005. (Pubitemid 41358648)
52. H. Wang, T. B. Huff, and J.-X. Cheng, "Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging with a laser source delivered by a photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. , vol. 31, pp. 1417-1419, 2006. (Pubitemid 44014454)
53. E. R. Andresen, C. K. Nielsen, J. Thogersen, and S. R. Keiding, "Fiber laser-based light source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy," Opt. Exp. , vol. 15, pp. 4848-4856, 2007. (Pubitemid 46609030)
54. M. Okuno, H. Kano, P. Leproux, V. Couderc, and H. o Hamaguchi, "Ultrabroadband multiplex CARS microspectroscopy and imaging using a subnanosecond supercontinuum light source in the deep near infrared," Opt. Lett. , vol. 33, pp. 923-925, 2008.
55. L. Fu andM. Gu, "Double-clad photonic crystal fiber coupler for compact nonlinear optical microscopy imaging," Opt. Lett. , vol. 31, pp. 1471-1473, 2006.
56. K. Isobe, W. Watanabe, S. Matsunaga, T. Higashi, K. Fukui, and K. Itoh, "Multi-spectral two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy using supercontinuum light source," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 44, pp. L167-L169, 2005. (Pubitemid 40540794)
57. G. McConnell, "Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with a visible continuum source," Opt. Exp. , vol. 12, pp. 2844-2850, 2004.
58. J. A. Palero, V. O. Boer, J. C. Vijverberg, H. Gerritsen, and H. J. C. M. Sterenborg, "Short-wavelength two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy of tryptophan with a photonic crystal fiber based light source," Opt. Exp. , vol. 13, pp. 5363-5368, 2005. (Pubitemid 41029291)
59. J. R. Unruh, E. S. Price, R. G. Molla, L. Stehno-Bittel, C. K. Johnson, and R. Hui, "Two-photon microscopy with wavelength switchable fiber laser excitation," Opt. Exp. , vol. 14, pp. 9825-9831, 2006.
60. G. Mizutani, Y. Sonoda, H. Sano, M. Sakamoto, T. Takahashi, and S. Ushioda, "Detection of starch granules in a living plant by optical second harmonic microscopy," J. Lumin. , vol. 87-89, pp. 824-826, 2000.
61. S. W. Hell and J. Wichmann, "Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: Stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy," Opt. Lett. , vol. 19, pp. 780-782, Jan. 1994.
62. E. Betzig, G. H. Patterson, R. Sougrat, O. W. Lindwasser, S. Olenych, J. S. Bonifacino, M. W. Davidson, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, and H. F. Hess, "Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution," Science, vol. 313, no. 5793, pp. 1642-1645, Sep. 2006. (Pubitemid 44414039)
63. M. J. Rust, M. Bates, and X. Zhuang, "Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)," Nat. Methods, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 793-796, Oct. 2006.
64. S W. Hell, "Far-field optical nanoscopy," Science, vol. 316, pp. 1153-1158, Jan 2007. (Pubitemid 46877470)
65. O. Masihzadeh, P. Schlup, and R. A. Bartels, "Enhanced spatial resolution in third-harmonicmicroscopy through polarization switching," Opt. Lett. , vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1240-1242, Jan. 2009.
66. S. W. Hell, "Improvement of lateral resolution in far-field fluorescence light microscopy by using two-photon excitation with offset beams," Opt. Comm. , vol. 106, pp. 19-24, 1994.
67. M. Martínez-Corral, P. Andrés, C. J. Zapata- Rodríguez, and M. Kowalczyk, "Three-dimensional superresolution by annular binary filters," Opt. Comm. , vol. 165, pp. 267-278, 1999.
68. C. J. R. Sheppard and A. Choudhury, "Annular pupils, radial polarization, and superresolution," App. Opt. , vol. 43, pp. 4322-4327, 2004.
69. B. Richards and E. Wolf, "Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system," Proc. R. Soc. London A, vol. 253, no. 1274, pp. 358-379, 1959.
70. C. Xu and W. W. Webb, "Measurement of two-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 13, pp. 481-491, 1996.