메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 351-361

Contribution of 1H spectroscopy to a brief cognitive-functional test battery for the diagnosis of mild alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer dementia; Alzheimer's disease; Clinical assessment; Cognitive analysis; Diagnostic criteria; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Mild cognitive impairment

Indexed keywords

CREATINE; INOSITOL; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID; ASPARTIC ACID; DRUG DERIVATIVE; N-ACETYLASPARTATE;

EID: 84856569446     PISSN: 14208008     EISSN: 14219824     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000334656     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 0029050119 scopus 로고
    • The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). XI. Clinical milestones in patients with Alzheimer's disease followed over 3 years
    • Galasko D, Edland SD, Morris JC, Clark C, Mohs R, Koss E: The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). XI. Clinical milestones in patients with Alzheimer's disease followed over 3 years. Neurology 1995; 45: 1451-1455.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1451-1455
    • Galasko, D.1    Edland, S.D.2    Morris, J.C.3    Clark, C.4    Mohs, R.5    Koss, E.6
  • 6
    • 32044447659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and direct costs of dementia in 2003
    • DOI 10.1159/000090733
    • Wimo A, Jonsson L, Winblad B: An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and direct costs of dementia in 2003. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 21: 175-181. (Pubitemid 43201328)
    • (2006) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-181
    • Wimo, A.1    Jonsson, L.2    Winblad, B.3
  • 7
    • 67649853067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education, occupation, and dementia: The Bavarian school sisters study
    • Bickel H, Kurz A: Education, occupation, and dementia: The Bavarian school sisters study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009; 27: 548-556.
    • (2009) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.27 , pp. 548-556
    • Bickel, H.1    Kurz, A.2
  • 8
    • 0027961102 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease: The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative
    • Blacker D, Albert MS, Bassett SS, Go RC, Harrell LE, Folstein MF: Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative. Arch Neurol 1994; 51: 1198-1204. (Pubitemid 24369608)
    • (1994) Archives of Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.12 , pp. 1198-1204
    • Blacker, D.1    Albert, M.S.2    Bassett, S.S.3    Go, R.C.P.4    Harrell, L.E.5    Folstein, M.F.6
  • 9
    • 0025908356 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, Sumi SM, Crain BJ, Brownlee LM, Vogel FS, Hughes JP, van Belle G, Berg L: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1991; 41: 479-486.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 479-486
    • Mirra, S.S.1    Heyman, A.2    McKeel, D.3    Sumi, S.M.4    Crain, B.J.5    Brownlee, L.M.6    Vogel, F.S.7    Hughes, J.P.8    Van Belle, G.9    Berg, L.10
  • 11
    • 0029838038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric aspects of Alzheimer's disease: The cholinergic hypothesis revisited
    • Cummings JL, Kaufer D: Neuropsychiatric aspects of Alzheimer's disease: The cholinergic hypothesis revisited. Neurology 1996; 47: 876-883.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 876-883
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Kaufer, D.2
  • 12
    • 0035826925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the american academy of neurology
    • Petersen RC, Stevens JC, Ganguli M, Tangalos EG, Cummings JL, De Kosky ST: Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2001; 56: 1133-1142.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Stevens, J.C.2    Ganguli, M.3    Tangalos, E.G.4    Cummings, J.L.5    De Kosky, S.T.6
  • 13
    • 60449116722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment revisited after one year. Preliminary results of a prospective study
    • Diniz BS, Nunes PV, Yassuda MS, Forlenza OV: Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment revisited after one year. Preliminary results of a prospective study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009; 27: 224-231.
    • (2009) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.27 , pp. 224-231
    • Diniz, B.S.1    Nunes, P.V.2    Yassuda, M.S.3    Forlenza, O.V.4
  • 14
    • 0344256425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment: New neuropsychological and pharmacological target
    • DOI 10.1016/S0887-6177(02)00167-1, PII S0887617702001671
    • Rivas-Vasquez RA, Mendez C, Rey GJ, Carrazana EJ: Mild cognitive impairment: New neuropsychological and pharmacological target. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2004; 19: 11-27. (Pubitemid 37518325)
    • (2004) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-27
    • Rivas-Vazquez, R.A.1    Mendez, C.2    Rey, G.J.3    Carrazana, E.J.4
  • 16
    • 0036979072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in dementia and Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1159/000064927
    • Firbank MJ, Harrison RM, O'Brien JT: A comprehensive review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in dementia and Parkinson's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002; 14: 64-76. (Pubitemid 36152947)
    • (2002) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 64-76
    • Firbank, M.J.1    Harrison, R.M.2    O'Brien, J.T.3
  • 17
    • 0031283198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In viva magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain: The biophysical basis of dementia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0301-4622(97)00032-X, PII S030146229700032X
    • Ross BD, Bluml S, Cowan R, Danielsen E, Farrow N, Gruetter R: In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain: The biophysical basis of dementia. Biophys Chem 1997; 68: 161-172. (Pubitemid 28064663)
    • (1997) Biophysical Chemistry , vol.68 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 161-172
    • Ross, B.D.1    Bluml, S.2    Cowan, R.3    Danielsen, E.4    Farrow, N.5    Gruetter, R.6
  • 19
    • 0014313861 scopus 로고
    • The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects
    • Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M: The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968; 114: 797-811.
    • (1968) Br J Psychiatry , vol.114 , pp. 797-811
    • Blessed, G.1    Tomlinson, B.E.2    Roth, M.3
  • 20
    • 0018078940 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia
    • Perry EK, Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Bergmann K, Gibson PH, Perry RH: Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia. Br Med J 1978;ii:1457-1459. (Pubitemid 9061468)
    • (1978) British Medical Journal , vol.2 , Issue.6150 , pp. 1457-1459
    • Perry, E.K.1    Tomlinson, B.E.2    Blessed, G.3
  • 23
    • 0026726282 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for early vulnerability of the medial and inferior aspects of the temporal lobe in an 82-yearold patient with preclinical signs of dementia. Regional and laminar distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques
    • Hof PR, Bierer LM, Perl DP, Delacourte A, Buée L, Bouras C, Morrison JH: Evidence for early vulnerability of the medial and inferior aspects of the temporal lobe in an 82-yearold patient with preclinical signs of dementia. Regional and laminar distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 946-953.
    • (1992) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 946-953
    • Hof, P.R.1    Bierer, L.M.2    Perl, D.P.3    Delacourte, A.4    Buée, L.5    Bouras, C.6    Morrison, J.H.7
  • 24
    • 0027473093 scopus 로고
    • In vitro MR microscopy of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease
    • Huesgen CT, Burger PC, Crain BJ, Johnson GA: In vitro MR microscopy of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 145-152. (Pubitemid 23035373)
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-152
    • Huesgen, C.T.1    Burger, P.C.2    Crain, B.J.3    Johnson, G.A.4
  • 25
    • 0034643639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal decline of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in Alzheimer's disease
    • Adalsteinsson E, Sullivan EV, Kleinhans N, Spielman DM, Pfefferbaum A: Longitudinal decline of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2000; 355: 1696-1697. (Pubitemid 30248487)
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9216 , pp. 1696-1697
    • Adalsteinsson, E.1    Sullivan, E.V.2    Kleinhans, N.3    Spielman, D.M.4    Pfefferbaum, A.5
  • 26
    • 0035845620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease of N-acetylaspartate in the MTL correlates with cognitive decline of AD patients
    • Jessen F, Block W, Träber F, Keller E, Flacke S, Lamerichs R, Schild HH, Heun R: Decrease of N-acetylaspartate in the MTL correlates with cognitive decline of AD patients. Neurology 2001; 57: 930-932. (Pubitemid 32845528)
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 930-932
    • Jessen, F.1    Block, W.2    Traber, F.3    Keller, E.4    Flacke, S.5    Lamerichs, R.6    Schild, H.H.7    Heun, R.8
  • 30
    • 0028670516 scopus 로고
    • Brain Nacetyl-L-aspartic acid in Alzheimer's disease: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Kwo-On-Yuen PF, Newmark RD, Budinger TF, Kaye JA, Ball MJ, Jagust WJ: Brain Nacetyl-L-aspartic acid in Alzheimer's disease: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Brain Res 1994; 667: 167-174.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.667 , pp. 167-174
    • Kwo-On-Yuen, P.F.1    Newmark, R.D.2    Budinger, T.F.3    Kaye, J.A.4    Ball, M.J.5    Jagust, W.J.6
  • 31
    • 0027322890 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease: Depiction of increased cerebral myo-inositol with proton MR spectroscopy
    • Miller BL, Moats RA, Shonk T, Ernst T, Woolley S, Ross BD: Alzheimer disease: Depiction of increased cerebral myo-inositol with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1993; 187: 433-437. (Pubitemid 23127850)
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 433-437
    • Miller, B.L.1    Moats, R.A.2    Shonk, T.3    Ernst, T.4    Woolley, S.5    Ross, B.D.6
  • 32
    • 0031982340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease: Quantitative H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of frontoparietal brain
    • Schuff N, Amend DL, Meyerhoff DJ, Tanabe JL, Norman D, Fein G, Weiner MW: Alzheimer disease: Quantitative H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of frontoparietal brain. Radiology 1998; 207: 91-102. (Pubitemid 28168672)
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.207 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-102
    • Schuff, N.1    Amend, D.L.2    Meyerhoff, D.J.3    Tanabe, J.L.4    Norman, D.5    Fein, G.6    Weiner, M.W.7
  • 33
    • 0033001444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo brain concentrations of N-acetyl compounds, creatine, and choline in Alzheimer disease
    • DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.2.185
    • Pfefferbaum A, Adalsteinsson E, Spielman D, Sullivan EV, Lim KO: In vivo brain concentrations of N-acetyl compounds, creatine, and choline in Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 185-192. (Pubitemid 29081394)
    • (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-192
    • Pfefferbaum, A.1    Adalsteinsson, E.2    Spielman, D.3    Sullivan, E.V.4    Lim, K.O.5
  • 34
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, ed 4, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, American Psychiatric Association, 2000, pp 147-171.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , pp. 147-171
  • 35
    • 0034906436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0848
    • Baron JC, Chetelat G, Desgranges B, Perchey G, Landeau B, de la Sayette V, Eustache F: In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxelbased morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2001; 14: 298-309. (Pubitemid 32709545)
    • (2001) NeuroImage , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 298-309
    • Baron, J.C.1    Chetelat, G.2    Desgranges, B.3    Perchey, G.4    Landeau, B.5    De La Sayette, V.6    Eustache, F.7
  • 36
    • 24944495484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using voxel-based morphometry to map the structural changes associated with rapid conversion in MCI: A longitudinal MRI study
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.015, PII S1053811905003277
    • Chételat G, Landeau B, Eustache F, Mézenge F, Viader F, de la Sayette V, Desgranges B, Baron JC: Using voxel-based morphometry to map the structural changes associated with rapid conversion in MCI: A longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage 2005; 27: 934-946. (Pubitemid 41317262)
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 934-946
    • Chetelat, G.1    Landeau, B.2    Eustache, F.3    Mezenge, F.4    Viader, F.5    De La Sayette, V.6    Desgranges, B.7    Baron, J.-C.8
  • 38
    • 33749517409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regional atrophy of the cingulate gyrus in Alzheimer disease: A volumetric MRI study
    • DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhj105
    • Jones BF, Barnes J, Uylings HBM, Fox NC, Frost C, Witter MP, Scheltens P: Differential regional atrophy of the cingulated gyrus in Alzheimer disease: A volumetric MRI study. Cereb Cortex 2006; 16: 1701-1708. (Pubitemid 44729908)
    • (2006) Cerebral Cortex , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 1701-1708
    • Jones, B.F.1    Barnes, J.2    Uylings, H.B.M.3    Fox, N.C.4    Frost, C.5    Witter, M.P.6    Scheltens, P.7
  • 40
    • 49649112953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections
    • Catani M, Schotten MT: A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections. Cortex 2008; 44: 1105-1132.
    • (2008) Cortex , vol.44 , pp. 1105-1132
    • Catani, M.1    Schotten, M.T.2
  • 41
    • 0346848755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber Tract-based Atlas of Human White Matter Anatomy
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2301021640
    • Wakana S, Jiang H, Nagae-Poetscher LM, Zijl PCM, Mori S: Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy. Radiology 2004; 230: 77-87. (Pubitemid 37549786)
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.230 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-87
    • Wakana, S.1    Jiang, H.2    Nagae-Poetscher, L.M.3    Van Zijl, P.C.M.4    Mori, S.5
  • 42
    • 2642566989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's and frontotemporal disease by the posterior cingulate sign
    • Bonte FJ, Harris TS, Roney CA, Hynan LS: Differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's and frontoparietal disease by the posterior cingulated sign. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 771-774. (Pubitemid 47618555)
    • (2004) Journal of Nuclear Medicine , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 771-774
    • Bonte, F.J.1    Harris, T.S.2    Roney, C.A.3    Hynan, L.S.4
  • 43
    • 0030874251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410420114
    • Minoshima S, Giordani B, Berent S, Frey KA, Foster NL, Kuhl DE: Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 85-94. (Pubitemid 27304784)
    • (1997) Annals of Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-94
    • Minoshima, S.1    Giordani, B.2    Berent, S.3    Frey, K.A.4    Foster, N.L.5    Kuhl, D.E.6
  • 46
    • 0037293284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging and early diagnosis of alzheimer disease: A look to the future
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2262011600
    • Petrella JR, Coleman RE, Doraiswamy PM: Neuroimaging and early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: A look to the future. Radiology 2003; 226: 315-336. (Pubitemid 36313415)
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.226 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-336
    • Petrella, J.R.1    Coleman, R.E.2    Doraiswamy, P.M.3
  • 47
    • 0034890118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations between hypometabolism in the posterior association neocortex and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: A PET/MRI correlative study
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.71.3.315
    • Meguro K, LeMestric C, Landeau B, Desgranges B, Eustache F, Baron J: Relations between hypometabolism in the posterior association neocortex and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: A PET/MRI correlative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 315-321. (Pubitemid 32772527)
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-321
    • Meguro, K.1    LeMestric, C.2    Landeau, B.3    Desgranges, B.4    Eustache, F.5    Baron, J.-C.6
  • 48
    • 72649094826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posterior cingulated hypometabolism in early Alzheimer's disease: What is the contribution of local atrophy versus disconnection?
    • Chételat G, Villain N, Desgranges B, Eustache F, Baron J-C: Posterior cingulated hypometabolism in early Alzheimer's disease: What is the contribution of local atrophy versus disconnection? Brain 2009; 132: 1-2.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1-2
    • Chételat, G.1    Villain, N.2    Desgranges, B.3    Eustache, F.4    Baron, J.-C.5
  • 49
    • 67650034306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior thalamic lesions stop synaptic plasticity in retrosplenial cortex slices: Expanding the pathology of diencephalic amnesia
    • Garden DL, Massey PV, Caruana DA, Johnson B, Warburton EC, Aggleton JP, Bashir ZL: Anterior thalamic lesions stop synaptic plasticity in retrosplenial cortex slices: Expanding the pathology of diencephalic amnesia. Brain 2009; 132: 1847-1857.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1847-1857
    • Garden, D.L.1    Massey, P.V.2    Caruana, D.A.3    Johnson, B.4    Warburton, E.C.5    Aggleton, J.P.6    Bashir, Z.L.7
  • 54
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services task force on Alzheimer's disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services task force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939-943.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-943
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3    Katzman, R.4    Price, D.5    Stadlan, E.M.6
  • 55
    • 0023836271 scopus 로고
    • Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: Diagnostic criteria and natural history
    • Berg L: Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: Diagnostic criteria and natural history. Mount Sinai J Med 1988; 55: 87-96. (Pubitemid 18047095)
    • (1988) Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-96
    • Berg, L.1
  • 56
    • 0027425211 scopus 로고
    • The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules
    • Morris JC: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology 1993; 43: 2412-2413.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2412-2413
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 57
    • 0021909265 scopus 로고
    • Cortical atrophy in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is mainly due to a decrease in cortical length
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00698298
    • Duyckaerts C, Hauw JJ, Piette F, Rainsard C, Poulain V, Berthaux P, Escourolle R: Cortical atrophy in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is mainly due to a decrease in cortical length. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1985; 66: 72-74. (Pubitemid 15138012)
    • (1985) Acta Neuropathologica , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-74
    • Duyckaerts, C.1    Hauw, J.J.2    Piette, F.3
  • 60
    • 0026740795 scopus 로고
    • Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease
    • Arriagada PV, Growdon JH, Hedley-Whyte ET, Hyman BT: Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992; 42: 631-639.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 631-639
    • Arriagada, P.V.1    Growdon, J.H.2    Hedley-Whyte, E.T.3    Hyman, B.T.4
  • 62
    • 0025269152 scopus 로고
    • Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity
    • De Kosky ST, Scheff SW: Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 457-464. (Pubitemid 20149963)
    • (1990) Annals of Neurology , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 457-464
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Scheff, S.W.2
  • 63
    • 0025987048 scopus 로고
    • Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
    • Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP, Butters N, De Teresa R, Hill R, Hansen LA, Katzman R: Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 572-580.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 572-580
    • Terry, R.D.1    Masliah, E.2    Salmon, D.P.3    Butters, N.4    De Teresa, R.5    Hill, R.6    Hansen, L.A.7    Katzman, R.8
  • 65
    • 0024262650 scopus 로고
    • Functional Assessment Staging (FAST)
    • Reisberg B: Functional assessment staging (FAST). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988; 24: 653-659. (Pubitemid 19054371)
    • (1988) Psychopharmacology Bulletin , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 653-659
    • Reisberg, B.1
  • 67
    • 0026463333 scopus 로고
    • Functional assessment staging (FAST) in Alzheimer's disease: Reliability, validity, and ordinality
    • Sclan SG, Reisberg B: Functional assessment staging (FAST) in Alzheimer's disease: Reliability, validity, and ordinality. Int Psychogeriatr 1992; 4: 55-69.
    • (1992) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.4 , pp. 55-69
    • Sclan, S.G.1    Reisberg, B.2
  • 68
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-Mental State': A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: 'Mini-Mental State': A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 69
    • 0033595220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norms for the mini-mental state examination in a healthy population
    • Grigoletto F, Zappalà G, Anderson DW, Lebowitz BD: Norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination in a healthy population. Neurology 1999; 53: 315-320. (Pubitemid 29344353)
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-320
    • Grigoletto, F.1    Zappala, G.2    Anderson, D.W.3    Lebowitz, B.D.4
  • 70
    • 0022657016 scopus 로고
    • Bedside cognitive screening instruments. A critical assessment
    • DOI 10.1097/00005053-198602000-00002
    • Nelson A, Fogel BS, Faust D: Bedside cognitive screening instruments. A critical assessment. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986; 174: 73-83. (Pubitemid 16189801)
    • (1986) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.174 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-83
    • Nelson, A.1    Fogel, B.S.2    Faust, D.3
  • 72
    • 84856077903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introdução à estatística: Enfoque informático com o pacote estatístico SPSS
    • Bisquerra R, Sarriera JC, Martínez F: Introdução à estatística: Enfoque informático com o pacote estatístico SPSS. Porto Alegre, Artmed, 2004.
    • (2004) Porto Alegre Artmed
    • Bisquerra, R.1    Sarriera, J.C.2    Martínez, F.3
  • 73
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes
    • Braak H, Braak E: Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 1991; 82; 239-259.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.82 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 74
    • 0022535539 scopus 로고
    • Perforant pathway changes and the memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Hyman BT, Van Hoesen GW, Kromer LJ, Damasio AR: Perforant pathway changes and the memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1986; 20: 472-481. (Pubitemid 16005665)
    • (1986) Annals of Neurology , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 472-481
    • Hyman, B.T.1    Van Hoesen, G.W.2    Kromer, L.J.3    Damasio, A.R.4
  • 75
    • 34447636593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D maps from multiple MRI illustrate changing atrophy patterns as subjects progress from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awm112
    • Whitwell JL, Przybelski SA, Weingand SD, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Jack CR: 3D maps from multiple MRI illustrate changing atrophy patterns as subjects progress from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2007; 130: 1777-1786. (Pubitemid 47343806)
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.7 , pp. 1777-1786
    • Whitwell, J.L.1    Przybelski, S.A.2    Weigand, S.D.3    Knopman, D.S.4    Boeve, B.F.5    Petersen, R.C.6    Jack Jr., C.R.7
  • 77
    • 0030969802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of dementia: The clinical process
    • DOI 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70392-0
    • Folstein MF: Differential diagnosis of dementia. The clinical process. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997; 20: 45-57. (Pubitemid 27118415)
    • (1997) Psychiatric Clinics of North America , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-57
    • Folstein, M.F.1
  • 80
    • 0026147120 scopus 로고
    • A review of chemical issues in 1 H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine and choline
    • Miller BL: A review of chemical issues in 1 H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed 1991; 4: 47-52.
    • (1991) NMR Biomed , vol.4 , pp. 47-52
    • Miller, B.L.1
  • 81
    • 0026000851 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-L-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies
    • Simmons M, Frondoza C, Coyle J: Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-L-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies. Neuroscience 1991; 45: 37-45.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.45 , pp. 37-45
    • Simmons, M.1    Frondoza, C.2    Coyle, J.3
  • 82
    • 0028978925 scopus 로고
    • N-acetylaspartate in neuropsychiatry disorders
    • Tsai G, Coyle J: N-acetylaspartate in neuropsychiatry disorders. Prog Neurobiol 1995; 46: 531-540.
    • (1995) Prog Neurobiol , vol.46 , pp. 531-540
    • Tsai, G.1    Coyle, J.2
  • 83
    • 57349134532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: Review of metabolites and clinical applications
    • Soares DP, Law M: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: Review of metabolites and clinical applications. Clin Radiol 2009; 64: 12-21.
    • (2009) Clin Radiol , vol.64 , pp. 12-21
    • Soares, D.P.1    Law, M.2
  • 84
    • 0003307569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy of the brain: Neurospectroscopy
    • in Edelman RR, Zlatkin MB, Hesselink JR (eds). Philadelphia, Saunders
    • Ross B, Michaelis T: MR spectroscopy of the brain: Neurospectroscopy; in Edelman RR, Zlatkin MB, Hesselink JR (eds): Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996, pp 928-981.
    • (1996) Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging , pp. 928-981
    • Ross, B.1    Michaelis, T.2
  • 85
    • 0035852992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in AD
    • Valenzuela MJ, Sachdev P: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in AD. Neurology 2001; 56: 592-598. (Pubitemid 32209990)
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 592-598
    • Valenzuela, M.J.1    Sachdev, P.2
  • 87
    • 0028792005 scopus 로고
    • Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury
    • De Stefano N, Matthews D, Arnold D: Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury. Magn Reson Med 1995; 34: 721-727.
    • (1995) Magn Reson Med , vol.34 , pp. 721-727
    • De Stefano, N.1    Matthews, D.2    Arnold, D.3
  • 88
    • 0028904153 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system trans-synaptic effects of acute axonal injury: A 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Rango M, Spagnoli D, Tomei G, Bamonti F, Scarlato G, Zetta L: Central nervous system trans-synaptic effects of acute axonal injury: A 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Magn Reson Med 1995; 33: 595-600.
    • (1995) Magn Reson Med , vol.33 , pp. 595-600
    • Rango, M.1    Spagnoli, D.2    Tomei, G.3    Bamonti, F.4    Scarlato, G.5    Zetta, L.6
  • 89
    • 0030915132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontotemporal dementia and early Alzheimer disease: Differentiation with frontal lobe H-1 MR spectroscopy
    • Ernst T, Chang L, Melchor R, Mehringer CM: Frontotemporal dementia and early Alzheimer disease: Differentiation with frontal lobe H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1997; 203: 829-836. (Pubitemid 27227438)
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.203 , Issue.3 , pp. 829-836
    • Ernst, T.1    Chang, L.2    Melchor, R.3    Mark Mehringer, C.4
  • 90
    • 20644438021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic regions: A suggestion of a clinical-spectroscopic staging
    • Engelhardt E, Moreira DM, Laks J, Cavalcanti JLS: Alzheimer's disease and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic regions. A suggestion of a clinical-spectroscopic staging. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005; 63: 195-200. (Pubitemid 40834710)
    • (2005) Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-200
    • Engelhardt, E.1    Moreira, D.M.2    Laks, J.3    Sa Cavalcanti, J.L.4
  • 92
    • 0028790180 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of automated MR spectroscopy: Application in Alzheimer disease
    • Moats RA, Shonk T: Evaluation of automated MR spectroscopy: Application in Alzheimer disease. AJNR 1995; 16: 1779-1782.
    • (1995) AJNR , vol.16 , pp. 1779-1782
    • Moats, R.A.1    Shonk, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.