Ethics and fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria

Safety Science

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 958-967

  Vanem, Erik ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Decision making; Ethics and risk management; Risk acceptance criteria; Risk assessment; Risk communication; Risk governance; Safety regulations

Indexed keywords

ETHICAL THEORIES; FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES; MARITIME INDUSTRY; REGULATORY REGIME; RISK ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA; RISK COMMUNICATION; RISK GOVERNANCE; SAFETY CRITICAL SYSTEMS; SAFETY OBJECTIVES; SAFETY REGULATIONS; TECHNICAL RISKS;

DECISION MAKING; PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS; RISK MANAGEMENT;

RISK ASSESSMENT;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CARBON FOOTPRINT; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICS; FATALITY; HUMAN; MORALITY; OIL SPILL; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SAFETY; SOCIETY;

EID: 84856419684     PISSN: 09257535     EISSN: 18791042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.12.030     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Abrahamsen E.B., Aven T. On the consistency of risk acceptance criteria with normative theories for decision-making. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2008, 93(12):1906-1910.
2. Ale B.J.M. Tolerable or acceptable: a comparison of risk regulation in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands. Risk Analysis 2005, 25(2):231-241.
3. Aven T. Foundations of Risk Analysis 2003, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
4. Aven T. On the ethical justification for the use of risk acceptance criteria. Risk Analysis 2007, 27(2):303-312.
5. Aven T., Vinnem J.E. On the use of risk acceptance criteria in the offshore oil and gas industry. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2005, 90(1):15-24.
6. Ball, D.J., Floyd, P.J., 1998. Societal Risks, Report from Risk Assessment Policy Unit, HSE.
7. Bentham J. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation 1789, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
8. BRTF, 2003. Principles of Good Regulation, Better Regulation Task Force. ISBN 0 7115 0438 5.
9. Ditlevsen O. Decision modeling and acceptance criteria. Structural Safety 2003, 25(2):165-191.
10. Ditlevsen O. Life quality index revisited. Structural Safety 2004, 26(4):443-451.
11. Ditlevsen O., Friis-Hansen P. Life quality time allocation index - an equilibrium economy consistent version of the current life quality Index. Structural Safety 2005, 27(3):262-275.
12. Ditlevsen O., Friis-Hansen P. Cost and benefit including value of life, health and environmental damage measured in time units. Structural Safety 2009, 31(2):136-142.
13. 2 reducing measures in shipping. Maritime Policy & Management 2009, 36(4):367-384.
14. Ersdal G., Aven T. Risk informed decision-making and its ethical basis. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2008, 93(2):197-205.
15. Etkin, D.S., 2000. Worldwide analysis of marine oil spill cleanup cost factors. In: Proc. 23rd Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar.
16. Evans A., Verlander N. What is wrong with criterion FN-lines for judging the tolerability of risk?. Risk Analysis 1997, 17(2):157-168.
17. Faber M.H., Stewart M.G. Risk assessment for civil engineering facilities: critical overview and discussion. Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety 2003, 80:173-184.
18. Oil Spill Science and Technology: Prevention, Response and Cleanup 2011, Elsevier. M. Fingan (Ed.).
19. Friis-Hansen P., Ditlevsen O. Nature preservation acceptance model applied to tanker oil spill simulations. Structural Safety 2003, 25(1):1-34.
20. Gerdtham U.G., Johannesson M. Do life-saving regulations save lives?. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 2002, 24(3):231-249.
21. Hahn R.W., Lutter R.W., Viscusi W.K. Do Federal Regulations Reduce Mortality? 2000, AEI Press, Washington, D.C.
22. Hansson S.O. Ethical criteria of risk acceptance. Erkenntnis 2003, 59(3):291-309.
23. Hartford D.N.D. Legal framework considerations in the development of risk acceptance criteria. Structural Safety 2009, 31(2):118-123.
24. Henselwood F., Phillips G. The development of risk criteria for high severity low frequency events. Process Safety Progress 2009, 28(1):11-14.
25. HSE, 2002a. Understanding and Responding to Societal Concerns, HSE Research Report 034.
26. HSE, 2002b. Taking Account of Societal Concerns about Risk - Framing the Problem, HSE Research Report 035.
27. HSE, 2003. Transport Fatal Accidents and FN Curves: 1967-2001, HSE Research Report 073.
28. Hyder, A.A., Morrow, R., 2002. Healthy life years (HeaLYs). In: Murray, C.J.L., Salomon, J.A., Mathers, C.D., Lopez, A.D. (Eds.), Summary Measures of Population Health. WHO, Geneva, pp. 245-257, ISBN: 92 4 154551 8.
29. IMO, 2000. Decision Parameters Including Risk Acceptance Criteria. MSC 72/16. IMO, London.
30. IMO, 2007. Consolidated Text for the Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO Rule-making Process (MSC/Circ.1023-MEPC/Circ. 392). MSC 83/INF.2. IMO, London.
31. IMO, 2008. FSA - Crude Oil Tankers. MEPC/INF.2. IMO, London.
32. Jackson D., Stone D., Butler G.G., McGlynn G. The derivation and application of a risk related value of the spend for saving a statistical life. Journal of Radiological Protection 2004, 24(1):41-59.
33. Jonkman S.N., van Gelder P.H.A.J.M., Vrijling J.K. An overview of quantitative risk measures for loss of life and economic damage. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2003, A99:1-30.
34. Kant, E., 1785. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. J.H. Hartknoch, Riga.
35. Klanac A., Varsta P. Design of marine structures with improved safety for environment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2011, 96(1):75-90.
36. Kontovas C.A., Psaraftis H.N., Ventikos N.P. An empirical analysis of IOPCF oil spill cost data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2010, 60(9):1455-1466.
37. Krupnick A., Alberini A., Cropper M., Simon N., O'Brien B., Goeree R., Heintzelman M. Age, health and the willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions: a contingent valuation survey of Ontario residents. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 2002, 24(2):161-186.
38. Longva T., Eide M.S., Skjong R. Determining a required energy efficiency design index level for new ships based on a cost-effectiveness criterion. Maritime Policy & Management 2010, 37(2):129-143.
39. Lutter R., Morrall J.F., Viscusi W.K. The cost-per-life-saved cutoff for safety-enhancing regulations. Journal of Economic Inquiry 1999, 37(4):599-608.
40. Maes M.A., Pandey M.D., Nathwani J.S. Harmonizing structural safety levels with life-quality objectives. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 2003, 30(3):500-510.
41. Meyer E., Andreassen G., Wei C., Shaw S. What risk should public accept from chemical process facilities?. Process Safety Progress 2007, 26(2):90-94.
42. Mill, J.S., 1863. Utilitarianism. Parker, Son and Bourn, London.
43. Mingers J. Ethics and OR: operationalising discourse ethics. European Journal of Operational Research 2011, 210(1):114-124.
44. Moseman J. New risk acceptance criteria for process safety. Process Safety Progress 2011, 10.1002/prs.10392.
45. Nathwani J., Narveson J. Three principles for managing risk in the public interest. Risk Analysis 1995, 15(6):615-626.
46. Nathwani J.S., Pandey M.D., Lind N.C. Engineering Decisions for Life Quality - How Safe is Safe Enough? 2009, Springer-Verlag, London.
47. Pandey M.D., Nathwani J.S. Life Quality Index for the estimation of societal willingness-to-pay for safety. Structural Safety 2004, 26(2):181-199.
48. Risk-based Ship Design - Methods, Tools and Applications 2009, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. A.D. Papanikolaou (Ed.).
49. Philipson L.L. Risk acceptance criteria and their development. Journal of Medical Systems 1983, 7(5):437-456.
50. Psaraftis H.N. Environmental risk evaluation criteria. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2008, 7(2):409-427.
51. Psarros G., Skjong R., Vanem E. Risk acceptance criterion for tanker oil spill risk reduction measures. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2011, 62(1):116-127.
52. Rackwitz R. Optimization and risk acceptability based on the Life Quality Index. Structural Safety 2002, 24(2-4):297-331.
53. Rackwitz, R., Streicher, H., 2002. Optimization and Target Reliabilities. Extended Version of a Paper Presented at the ASRANET-Conference, Glasgow, July, 8-10, 2002.
54. Rimington, J., McQuaid, J., Trbojevic, V., 2003. Application of Risk Based Strategies to Workers Health and Safety Protection - UK Experience, Report for The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (SZW). ISBN: 90-5901-275-5.
55. Rio, 1992. Principle 15, The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1992.
56. Roeser S. The role of emotions in judging the moral acceptability of risks. Safety Science 2006, 44(8):689-700.
57. Ross W.D. The Right and the Good 1930, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
58. Safer Euroro, 2003. Design for Safety: An Integrated Approach to Safe European roro Ferry Design, Public Final Report.
59. Skjong, R., Eknes, M., 2001. Economic activity and societal risk acceptance. In: Zio, E., Demichela, M., Piccinini, N. (Eds.), Proc. ESREL 2001.
60. Skjong R., Eknes M. Societal risk and societal benefits. Risk Decision and Policy 2002, 7:57-67.
61. Skjong, R., Ronold, K.O., 2002. So much for safety. In: Chakrabarti, S.K. (Ed.), Proc. OMAE 2002.
62. Skjong, R., Vanem, E., 2004. Optimised use of safety interventions. In: Spitzer, C., Schmocker, U., Dang, V.N. (Eds.), Proc. PSAM 7/ESREL '04, pp. 1264-1269.
63. Tengs T.O., Adams M.E., Pliskin J.S., Safran D.G., Siegel J.E., Weinstein M.C., Graham J.D. Five-hundred life-saving interventions and their cost-effectiveness. Risk Analysis 1995, 15(3):369-390.
64. Vanem, E., 2011. Principles for setting risk acceptance criteria for safety critical activities. In: Bérenguer, C., Grall, A., Guedes Soares, C. (Eds.), Proc. ESREL 2011, pp. 1741-1751.
65. Vanem, E., Eide, M.S., Gravir, G., Skjong, R., 2007a. Cost-effectiveness of preventing grounding with ECDIS. In: Lehmann, E., Biehl, F. (Eds.), Proc. ICCGS 2007, pp. 219-226.
66. Vanem, E., Endresen, Ø., Skjong, R., 2007b. CATS - cost-effectiveness in designing for oil spill prevention. In: Basu, R.I., Belenky, V., Wang, G., Yu, Q. (Eds.), Proc. PRADS 2007, pp. 266-274.
67. Vanem E., Rusås S., Skjong R., Olufsen O. Collision damage stability of passenger ships: holistic and risk-based approach. International Shipbuilding Progress 2007, 54(4):323-337.
68. Vanem E., Antão P., Østvik I., Castillo Del., de Comas F. Analysing the risk of LNG carrier operations. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2008, 93(9):1328-1344.
69. Vanem E., Endresen Ø., Skjong R. Cost-effectiveness criteria for marine oil spill preventive measures. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2008, 93(9):1354-1368.
70. Vanem, E., Mangset, L.E., Psarros, G., Skjong, R., 2011. An integrated Life Cycle Assessment model to facilitate ship ecodesign. In: Bérenguer, C., Grall, A., Guedes Soares, C. (Eds.), Proc. ESREL 2011, pp. 2870-2879.
71. Vinnem J.E. Risk analysis and risk acceptance criteria in the planning processes of hazardous facilities - a case of an LNG plant in an urban area. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2010, 95(6):662-670.
72. Viscusi W.K., Aldy J. The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 2003, 27(1):5-76.
73. Viscusi W.K., Gayer T. Safety at any price?. Regulation 2002, 54-63.
74. White, I.C., Molloy, F., 2003. Factors that determine the cost of oil spills. In: Proc. 2003 International Oil Spill Conference.
75. Yamada Y. The cost of oil spills from tankers in relation to weight of spilled oil. Marine Technology 2009, 46(4):219-228.