Myocardial Basis for Heart Failure. Role of the Cardiac Interstitium

Heart Failure

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 73-84

  Owen, Ashleigh A ^a   Spinale, Francis G ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855990180     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-5895-3.10005-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (179)

1. Konstam M., Kronenberg M., Rousseau M., et al. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme on the long-term progression of left ventricular dilation in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction. Circulation 1993, 88(1):2277-2283.
2. Greenberg B., Quinones M.A., Kollpillai C., et al. Effects of long term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 1995, 91:2573-2581.
3. Erlebacher J.A., Weiss J.L., Weisfeldt J.L., et al. Early dilation of the infarcted segment in acute transmural myocardial infarction: role of infarct expansion in acute left ventricular enlargement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984, 4(2):201-208.
4. Pfeffer M.A., Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation 1990, 81:1161-1172.
5. Sutton M.G., Sharpe N. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: pathophysiology and therapy. Circulation 2000, 101(25):2981-2988.
6. Doughty R.N., Whalley G.A., Gamble G., et al. Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997, 29:1060-1066.
7. St John Sutton M., Pfeffer M.A., Plappert T., et al. Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. The protective effects of captopril. Circulation 1994, 89:68-75.
8. Burlew B.S., Weber K.T. Connective tissue and the heart, functional significance and regulatory mechanisms. Cardiol Clin 2000, 18(3):435-442.
9. Weber K.T., Pick R., Janicki J.S., et al. Inadequate collagen tethers in dilated cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 1988, 116:1641-1646.
10. Cluetjens J.P.M., Verluyten M.J.A., Smits J.F.M., et al. Collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart. Am J Pathol 1995, 147(2):325-338.
11. Spinale F.G. Matrix remodeling and the matrix metalloproteinases: influence on cardiac form and function. Physiol Rev 2007, 87(4):1285-1342.
12. Chapman R.E., Spinale F.G. Extracellular protease activation and unraveling of the myocardial interstitium: critical steps toward clinical applications. Am J Physiol 2004, 286(1):H1-H10.
13. Thomas C.V., Coker M.L., Zellner J.L., et al. Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and selective upregulation in LV myocardium from patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1998, 97:1708-1715.
14. Spinale F.G., Coker M.L., Heung L.J., et al. A matrix metalloproteinase induction/activation system exists in the human left ventricular myocardium and is upregulated in heart failure. Circulation 2000, 102:1944-1949.
15. Gunja-Smith Z., Morales A.R., Romanelli R., et al. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline cross links. Am J Pathol 1996, 148:1639-1648.
16. Li Y.Y., Feldman A.M., Sun Y., et al. Differential expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the failing human heart. Circulation 1998, 98:1728-1734.
17. Spinale F.G., Coker M.L., Thomas C.V., et al. Time dependent changes in matrix metalloproteinase activity and expression during the progression of congestive heart failure: relation to ventricular and myocyte function. Circ Res 1998, 82:482-495.
18. Spinale F.G., Krombach R.S., Coker M.L., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition during developing congestive heart failure in pigs: effects on left ventricular geometry and function. Circ Res 1999, 85:364-376.
19. Rohde L.E., Ducharme A., Arroyo L.H., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates early left ventricular enlargement after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Circulation 1999, 99:3063-3070.
20. Creemers E., Davis J.N., Parkhurst A.M., et al. Deficiency of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene exacerbates LV remodeling following myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol 2003, 284(1):H364-H371.
21. Coker M.L., Thomas C.V., Clair M.J., et al. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity and abundance with congestive heart failure. Am J Physiol 1998, 274(43):H1516-H1523.
22. Matsumura S., Iwanaga S., Mochizuki S., et al. Targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of MMP-2 prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. J Clin Invest 2005, 115(3):599-609.
23. Heymans S., Luttun A., Nuyens D., et al. Inhibition of plasminogen activators or matrix metalloproteinases prevents cardiac rupture but impairs therapeutic angiogenesis and causes cardiac failure. Nat Med 1999, 5:1135-1142.
24. Ducharme A., Frantz S., Aikawa M., et al. Targeted deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 attenuates left ventricular enlargement and collagen accumulation after experimental myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2000, 106:55-62.
25. Peterson J.T., Hallak H., Johnson L., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in a rat model of progressive heart failure. Circulation 2001, 103:2303-2309.
26. Li Y.Y., Feng Y., McTiernan C.F., et al. Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and reduction in collagen damage in the failing human heart after support with left ventricular assist devices. Circulation 2001, 104:1147-1152.
27. Kim H.E., Dalal S.S., Young E., et al. Disruption of the myocardial extracellular matrix leads to cardiac dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2000, 106:857-866.
28. Deschamps A.M., Apple K.A., Hardin A.E., et al. Myocardial interstitial matrix metalloproteinase activity is altered by mechanical changes in LV load: interaction with the angiotensin type 1 receptor. Circ Res 2005, 96(10):1110-1118.
29. Su H., Spinale F.G., Dobrucki L.W., et al. Noninvasive targeted imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activation in a murine model of postinfarction remodeling. Circulation 2005, 112(20):3157-3167.
30. Deschamps A.M., Yarbrough W.M., Squires C.E., et al. Trafficking of the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in ischemia and reperfusion: relation to interstitial MT1-MMP activity. Circulation 2005, 111(9):1166-1174.
31. Mecham R.P., Heuser J. Three-dimensional organization of extracellular matrix in elastic cartilage as viewed by quick freeze, deep etch electron microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 1990, 24(2):83-93.
32. Ross R.S., Borg T.K. Integrins and the myocardium. Circ Res 2001, 88 (11):1112-1119. 8.
33. Keller R.S., Shai S.Y., Babbitt C.J., et al. Disruption of integrin function in the murine myocardium leads to perinatal lethality, fibrosis, and abnormal cardiac performance. Am J Pathol 2001, 158:1079-1090.
34. Hornberger L.K., Singhroy S., Cavalle-Garrido T., et al. Synthesis of extracellular matrix and adhesion through beta(1) integrins are critical for fetal ventricular myocyte proliferation. Circ Res 2000, 87:508-515.
35. Spinale F.G., Tomita M., Zellner J.L., et al. Collagen remodeling and changes in LV function during the development and recovery from supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Physiol 1991, 261:H308-H318.
36. Stroud J.D., Baicu C.F., Barnes M.A., et al. Viscoelastic properties of pressure overload hypertrophied myocardium: effects of treatment with a serine protease treatment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 282(6):H232-H235.
37. Nimni M.E. Fibrillar collagens: their biosynthesis, molecular structure, and mode of assembly. Extracellular matrix 1993, Marcel Dekker, New York. M.A. Zern, L.M. Reid (Eds.).
38. Asif M., Egan J., Vasan S., et al. An advanced glycation endproduct cross-link breaker can reverse age related increases in myocardial stiffness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97(6):2809-2813.
39. Kato S., Spinale F.G., Tanaka R., et al. Inhibition of collagen cross-linking: effects on fibrillar collagen and left ventricular diastolic function. Am J Physiol 1995, 269(38):H863-H868.
40. Cooper M.E. Importance of advanced glycation end products in diabetes-associated cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Hypertens 2004, 17(12 pt 2):31S-38S.
41. Risteli L., Risteli J. Noninvasive methods for detection of organ fibrosis. Focus on connective tissue in health and disease 1990, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. M. Rojkind (Ed.).
42. Schuppan D. Connective tissue polypeptides in serum as parameters to monitor antifibrotic treatment in hepatic fibrogenesis. J Hepatol 1991, 13(suppl 3):S17-S25.
43. Diez J., Laviades C. Monitoring fibrillar collagen turnover in hypertensive heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 1997, 35:202-205.
44. Diez J., Laviades C., Mayor G., et al. Increased serum concentrations of procollagen peptides in essential hypertension. Relation to cardiac alterations. Circulation 1995, 91:1450-1456.
45. Diez J., Panizo A., Gil M.J., et al. Serum markers of collagen type I metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Relation to myocardial fibrosis. Circulation 1996, 93:1026-1032.
46. Borg T.K., Goldsmith E.C., Price R. et. Specialization of the Z line of cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2000, 46:277-285.
47. Pham C.G., Harpf A.E., Keller R.S., et al. Striated muscle specific beta(1D) integrin and FAK are involved in cardiac myocyte hypertrophic response pathway. Am J Physiol 2000, 279(6):H2916-H2926.
48. Kuettner K.E., Kimuar J.H. Proteoglycans: an overview. J Cell Biochem 1985, 27:327-336.
49. Sivasubramanian N., Coker M.L., Kurrelmeyer K.M., et al. Left ventricular remodeling in transgenic mice with cardiac restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor. Circulation 2001, 104(7):826-831.
50. Bradham W.S., Bozkurt B., Gunasinghe H., et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and myocardial remodeling in progression of heart failure: a current perspective. Cardiovasc Res 2002, 53(4):822-830.
51. Fowlkes J.L., Winkler M.K. Exploring the interface between metalloproteinase activity and growth factor and cytokine bioavailability. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002, 13(3):277-287.
52. Annes J.P., Munger J.S., Rifkin D.B. Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation. J Cell Sci 2003, 116(pt 2):217-224.
53. Isogai Z., Ono R.N., Ushiro S., et al. Latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 interacts with fibrillin and is a microfibril-associated protein. J Biol Chem 2003, 278(4):2750-2757.
54. Rifkin D.B. Latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding proteins: orchestrators of TGF-beta availability. J Biol Chem 2005, 280(9):7409-7412.
55. Bobik A. Transforming growth factor-betas and vascular disorders. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006, 26(8):1712-1720.
56. Roberts A.B., Sporn M.B., Assoian R.K., et al. Transforming growth factor type beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986, 83(12):4167-4171.
57. Leask A., Abraham D.J. TGF-beta signaling and the fibrotic response. FASEB J 2004, 18(7):816-827.
58. Weber K.T., Janicki J.S., Shroff S.G., et al. Collagen remodeling of the pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied nonhuman primate myocardium. Circ Res 1988, 62:757-765.
59. Abrahams C., Janicki J.S., Weber K.T. Myocardial hypertrophy in Macaca fascicularis. Structural remodeling of the collagen matrix. Lab Invest 1987, 56:676-683.
60. Fielitz J., Leuschner M., Zurbrugg H.R., et al. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the left ventricular myocardium of patients with aortic stenosis. J Mol Med 2004, 82:809-820.
61. Polyakova V., Hein S., Kostin S., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in pressure-overloaded human myocardium during heart failure progression. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44:1609-1618.
62. Nagatomo Y., Carabello B.A., Coker M.L., et al. Differential effects of pressure or volume overload on myocardial MMP levels and inhibitory control. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 278:H151-H161.
63. Heymans S., Schroen B., Vermeersch P., et al. Increased cardiac expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 is related to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in the chronic pressure-overloaded human heart. Circulation 2005, 112:1136-1144.
64. Lindsay M.M., Maxwell P., Dunn F.G. TIMP-1: a marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis in hypertension. Hypertension 2002, 40(2):136-141.
65. Tayebjee M.H., MacFadyen R.J., Lip G.Y. Extracellular matrix biology: a new frontier in linking the pathology and therapy of hypertension?. J Hypertens 2003, 21(12):2211-2218.
66. Tayebjee M.H., Karalis I., Nadar S.K., et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 levels in gestational hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2005, 18(3):325-329.
67. Tayebjee M.H., Lim H.S., Nadar S., et al. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotein ase-1 is a marker of diastolic dysfunction using tissue Doppler in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest 2005, 35(1):8-12.
68. López B., González A., Querejeta R., et al. Alterations in the pattern of collagen deposition may contribute to the deterioration of systolic function in hypertensive patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48(1):89-96.
69. Martos R., Baugh J., Ledwidge M., et al. Diastolic heart failure: evidence of increased myocardial collagen turnover linked to diastolic dysfunction. Circulation 2007, 115(7):888-895.
70. Ahmed S.H., Clark L.L., Pennington W.R., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: relationship between changes in proteolytic determinants of matrix composition and structural, functional, and clinical manifestations of hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2006, 113(17):2089-2096.
71. Elmas E., Lang S., Dempfle C.E., et al. High plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) characterize patients prone to ventricular fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007, 45(10):1360-1365.
72. Hess O.M., Villari B., Krayenbuehl H.P. Diastolic dysfunction in aortic stenosis. Circulation 1993, 87(suppl 5):IV73-IV76.
73. Krayenbuehl H.P., Hess O.M., Monrad E.S., et al. Left ventricular myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before, intermediate, and late after aortic valve replacement. Circulation 1989, 79(4):744-755.
74. Monrad E.S., Hess O.M., Murakami T., et al. Time course of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement. Circulation 1988, 77(6):1345-1355.
75. Lund O., Emmertsen K., Dørup I., et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy during 10 years after valve replacement for aortic stenosis is related to the preoperative risk profile. Eur Heart J 2003, 24(15):1437-1446.
76. Zile, M. R., Baicu, C. F., Alterations in ventricular function: diastolic heart failure. In Mann DL, editor. Heart failure: a companion to Braunwald's heart disease.
77. Poole-Wilson P.A. Relation of pathophysiological mechanisms to outcome in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 22:22A-29A.
78. Douglas P.S., Morrow R., Joli A., et al. Left ventricular shape, afterload, and survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989, 13:311-315.
79. Stetler-Stevenson W.G. The tumor microenvironment: regulation by MMP-independent effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008, 27(1):57-66.
80. Catania J.M., Chen G., Parrish A.R. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in renal pathophysiologies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007, 292(3):F905-F911.
81. Verstappen J., Von den Hoff J.W. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): their biological functions and involvement in oral disease. J Dent Res 2006, 85(12):1074-1084.
82. Varghese S. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in bone: an overview of regulation and functions. Front Biosci 2006, 11:2949-2966.
83. Nagase H., Visse R., Murphy G. Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs. Cardiovasc Res 2006, 69(3):562-573.
84. Malemud C.J. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in health and disease: an overview. Front Biosci 2006, 11:1696-1701.
85. Hwang I.K., Park S.M., Kim S.Y., et al. A proteomic approach to identify substrates of matrix metalloproteinase-14 in human plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004, 1702:79-87.
86. Overall C.M., Tam E.M., Kappelhoff R., et al. Protease degradomics: mass spectrometry discovery of protease substrates and the CLIP-CHIP, a dedicated DNA microarray of all human proteases and inhibitors. Biol Chem 2004, 385:493-504.
87. Woessner J.F., Nagase H. Protein substrates of the MMPs. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs 2000, Oxford University Press, New York.
88. Woessner J.F., Nagase H. Activation of the zymogen forms of MMPs. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs 2000, Oxford University Press, New York.
89. Vincenti M.P. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes. Matrix metalloproteinase protocols 2001, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. I. Clark (Ed.).
90. Vincenti M.P., Brinckerhoff C.E. Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription factors. Arthritis Res 2002, 4:157-164.
91. Bergman M.R., Cheng S., Honbo N., et al. A functional activating protein 1 (AP-1) site regulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) transcription by cardiac cells through interactions with JunB-Fra1 and JunB-FosB heterodimers. Biochem J 2003, 369:485-496.
92. Siwik D.A., Chang D.L., Colucci W.S. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha decrease collagen synthesis and increase matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Circ Res 2000, 86:1259-1265.
93. Rangaswami H., Bulbule A., Kundu G.C. Nuclear factor-inducing kinase plays a crucial role in osteopontin-induced MAPK/IkappaBalpha kinase-dependent nuclear factor kappaB-mediated promatrix metalloproteinase-9 activation. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:38921-38935.
94. Alfonso-Jaume M.A., Bergman M.R., Mahimkar R., et al. Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury induces matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression through the AP-1 components FosB and JunB. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006, 291(4):H1838-H1846.
95. Mukherjee R., Mingoia J.T., Bruce J.A., et al. Selective spatiotemporal induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 transcription after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006, 291(5):H2216-H2228.
96. Blankenberg S., Rupprecht H.J., Poirier O., et al. Plasma concentrations and genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003, 107:1579-1585.
97. Zhang B., Ye S., Herrmann S.M., et al. Functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of gelatinase B gene in relation to severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1999, 99(14):1788-1794.
98. Mizon-Gérard F., de Groote P., Lamblin N., et al. Prognostic impact of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms in patients with heart failure according to the aetiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2004, 25(8):688-693.
99. Liu P.Y., Chen J.H., Li Y.H., et al. Synergistic effect of stromelysin-1 (matrix metallo-proteinase-3) promoter 5A/6A polymorphism with smoking on the onset of young acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2003, 90:132-139.
100. Terashima M., Akita H., Kanazawa K., et al. Stromelysin promoter 5A/6A polymorphism is associated with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1999, 99(21):2717-2719.
101. Yamada Y., Ohno Y., Nakashima Y., et al. Prediction and assessment of extrapyramidal side effects induced by risperidone based on dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy. Synapse 2002, 46(1):32-37.
102. Beyzade S., Zhang S., Wong Y.K., et al. Influences of matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene variation on extent of coronary atherosclerosis and risk of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:2130-2137.
103. Hirashiki A., Yamada Y., Murase Y., et al. Association of gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in low- or high-risk subjects defined by conventional risk factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42(8):1429-1437.
104. Nojiri T., Morita H., Imai Y., et al. Genetic variations of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 promoter regions and their associations with susceptibility to myocardial infarction in Japanese. Int J Cardiol 2003, 92(2-3):181-186.
105. Martin T.N., Penney D.E., Smith J.A., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter polymorphisms and changes in left ventricular volume following acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2004, 94(8):1044-1046.
106. Pearce E., Tregouet D.A., Samnegård A., et al. Haplotype effect of the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene on risk of myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2005, 97(10):1070-1076.
107. Samnegård A., Silveira A., Lundman P., et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 concentration is influenced by MMP-3-1612 5A/6A promoter genotype and associated with myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 2005, 258(5):411-419.
108. Vasku A., Goldbergová M., Izakovicová Hollá L., et al. A haplotype constituted of four MMP-2 promoter polymorphisms (-1575G/A, -1306C/T, -790T/G and -735C/T) is associated with coronary triple-vessel disease. Matrix Biol 2004, 22(7):585-591.
109. Horne B.D., Camp N.J., Carlquist J.F., et al. Multiple-polymorphism associations of 7 matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase genes with myocardial infarction and angiographic coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2007, 154(4):751-758.
110. Vincenti M.P., Brinckerhoff C.E. Signal transduction and cell-type specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression: can MMPs be good for you?. J Cell Physiol 2007, 213(2):355-364.
111. Deschamps A.M., Spinale F.G. Spotlight review: pathways of matrix metalloproteinase induction in heart failure: bioactive molecules and transcriptional regulation. Cardiovasc Res 2006, 69(3):666-676.
112. Mauviel A. Cytokine regulation of metalloproteinase gene expression. J Cell Biochem 1993, 53:288-295.
113. MacNaul K.L., Chartrain N., Lark M., et al. Discoordinate expression of stromelysin, collagenase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in rheumatoid human synovial fibroblasts: synergistic effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factorα on stromelysin expression. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:17238-17245.
114. Schroen D.J., Brincherhoff C.E. Nuclear hormone receptors inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Gene Expr 1996, 6(4):197-207.
115. Ries C., Petrides P.E. Cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity and regulatory dysfunction in disease. Biol Chem 1995, 376:345-355.
116. Bond M., Fabunmi R.P., Baker A.H., et al. Synergistic upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines: an absolute requirement for transcription factor NF-kappa B. FEBS Lett 1998, 435(1):29-34.
117. Kida Y., Kobayashi M., Suzuki T., et al. Interleukin-1 stimulates cytokines, prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 production via activation of MAPK/AP-1 and NF-kappaB in human gingival fibroblasts. Cytokine 2005, 29:159-168.
118. Biswas C., Zhang Y., DeCastro R., et al. The human tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (renamed EMMPRIN) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cancer Res 1995, 55:434-439.
119. Toole B.P. Emmprin (CD147), a cell surface regulator of matrix metalloproteinase production and function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2003, 54:371-389.
120. Guo H., Zucker S., Gordon M.K., et al. Stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase production by recombinant extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer from transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:24-27.
121. Schmidt R., Bultmann A., Ungerer M., et al. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer regulates matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiovascular cells: implications in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006, 113:834-841.
122. Sato H., Takino T., Okada Y., et al. A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells. Nature 1994, 370:61-65.
123. Osenkowski P., Toth M., Fridman R. Processing, shedding, and endocytosis of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). J Cell Physiol 2004, 200:2-10.
124. Lehti K., Valtanen H., Wickstrom S.A., et al. Regulation of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase activity by its cytoplasmic domain. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:15006-15013.
125. Remacle A.G., Rozanov D.V., Baciu P.C., et al. The transmembrane domain is essential for the microtubular trafficking of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). J Cell Sci 2005, 118:4975-4984.
126. Pavlaki M., Cao J., Hymowitz M., et al. A conserved sequence within the propeptide domain of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is critical for function as an intramolecular chaperone. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:2740-2749.
127. Guo C., Piacentini L. Type I collagen-induced MMP-2 activation coincides with up-regulation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP-2 in cardiac fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:46699-46708.
128. Stawowy P., Meyborg H., Stibenz D., et al. Furin-like proprotein convertases are central regulators of the membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 proteolytic cascade in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2005, 111:2820-2827.
129. Wilson E.M., Moainie S.L., Baskin J.M., et al. Region- and type-specific induction of matrix metalloproteinases in post-myocardial infarction remodeling. Circulation 2003, 107:2857-2863.
130. Mukherjee R., Brinsa T.A., Dowdy K.B., et al. Myocardial infarct expansion and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Circulation 2003, 107:618-625.
131. Yarbrough W.M., Mukherjee R., Escobar G.P., et al. Selective targeting and timing of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in post-myocardial infarction remodeling. Circulation 2003, 108:1753-1759.
132. Greene J., Wang M., Liu Y.E., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:30375-30380.
133. Liu Y.E., Wang M., Greene J., et al. Preparation and characterization of recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP-4). J Biol Chem 1997, 272:20479-20483.
134. Tummalapalli C.M., Heath B.J., Tyagi S.C. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 instigates apoptosis in transformed cardiac fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2001, 80:512-521.
135. Lovelock J.D., Baker A.H., Gao F., et al. Heterogeneous effects of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases on cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005, 288:H461-H468.
136. Oelmann E., Herbst H., Zuhlsdorf M., et al. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 is an autocrine and paracrine survival factor, with additional immune-regulatory functions, expressed by Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells. Blood 2002, 99:258-267.
137. Guedez L., Stetler-Stevenson W.G., Wolff L., et al. In vitro suppression of programmed cell death of B cells by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. J Clin Invest 1998, 102:2002-2010.
138. Kai H., Ikeda H., Yusakawa H., et al. Peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 32:368-372.
139. Hojo Y., Ikeda U., Ueno S., et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Jpn Circ J 2001, 65:71-75.
140. Webb C.S., Bonnema D.D., Ahmed S.H., et al. Specific temporal profile of matrix metalloproteinase release occurs in patients after myocardial infarction: relation to left ventricular remodeling. Circulation 2006, 114(10):1020-1027.
141. Orn S., Manhenke C., Squire I.B., et al. Plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 and N-BNP in long-term survivors following complicated myocardial infarction: relation to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures of left ventricular structure and function. J Card Fail 2007, 13(10):843-849.
142. Tian H., Cimini M., Fedak P.W., et al. TIMP deficiency accelerates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007, 43(6):733-743.
143. Brower G.L., Chancey A.L., Thanigaraj S., et al. Cause and effect relationship between myocardial mast cell number and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 283(2):H518-H525.
144. Chancey A.L., Brower G.L., Peterson J.T., et al. Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on ventricular remodeling due to volume overload. Circulation 2002, 105(16):1983-1988.
145. Mujumdar V.S., Tyagi S.C. Temporal regulation of extracellular matrix components in transition from compensatory hypertrophy to decompensatory heart failure. J Hypertens 1999, 17:261-270.
146. Li H., Simon H., Bocan T.M., et al. MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats; the effect of ACE and MMP inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2000, 46:298-306.
147. Morita H., Khanal S., Rastogi S., et al. Selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates progression of left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in dogs with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006, 290(6):H2522-H2527.
148. Leeman M.F., Curran S., Murray G.I. The structure, regulation, and function of human matrix metalloproteinase-13. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2002, 37(3):149-166.
149. Brinckerhoff C.E., Rutter J.L., Benbow U. Interstitial collagenases as markers of tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res 2000, 6(12):4823-4830.
150. Spruill L.S., Lowry A.S., Stroud R.E., et al. Membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase transcription and translation in myocardial fibroblasts from patients with normal left ventricular function and from patients with cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007, 293(4):C1362-C1373.
151. Fedak P.W., Smookler D.S., Kassiri Z., et al. TIMP-3 deficiency leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004, 110(16):2401-2409.
152. Yan A.T., Yan R.T., Spinale F.G., et al. Relationships between plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and neurohormonal profile in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008, 10(2):125-128.
153. Yan A.T., Yan R.T., Spinale F.G., et al. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 level is correlated with left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 2006, 12(7):514-519.
154. Cavusoglu E., Ruwende C., Chopra V., et al. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2006, 151:e1101-e1108.
155. Sundstrom J., Evans J.C., Benjamin E.J., et al. Relations of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 to clinical cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic left ventricular measures: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004, 109:2850-2856.
156. Sundstrom J., Evans J.C., Benjamin E.J., et al. Relations of plasma total TIMP-1 levels to cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic measures: the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2004, 25:1509-1516.
157. Wagner D.R., Delagardelle C., Ernens I., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a marker of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. J Card Fail 2006, 12:66-72.
158. Inoue T., Kato T., Takayanagi K., et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2003, 92(12):1461-1464.
159. Nanni S., Melandri G., Hanemaaijer R., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in premature coronary atherosclerosis: influence of inhibitors, inflammation, and genetic polymorphisms. Transl Res 2007, 149(3):137-144.
160. Tuomainen A.M., Nyyssönen K., Laukkanen J.A., et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 concentrations are associated with cardiovascular outcome in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27(12):2722-2728.
161. Tayebjee M.H., Lip G.Y., Tan K.T., et al. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and CD40 ligand levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2005, 96(3):339-345.
162. Blankenberg S., Rupprecht H.J., Poirier O., et al. Plasma concentrations and genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003, 107(12):1579-1585.
163. Giansante C., Fiotti N., Di Chiara A., et al. In-hospital outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome: relationship with inflammation and remodeling markers. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2007, 8(8):602-607.
164. Jguirim-Souissi I., Jelassi A., Addad F., et al. Plasma metalloproteinase-12 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels and presence, severity, and outcome of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2007, 100(1):23-27.
165. Fukuda D., Shimada K., Tanaka A., et al. Comparison of levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus unstable angina pectoris versus stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2006, 97(2):175-180.
166. Squire I.B., Evans J., Ng L.L., et al. Plasma MMP-9 and MMP-2 following acute myocardial infarction in man: correlation with echocardiographic and neurohumoral parameters of left ventricular dysfunction. J Card Fail 2004, 10(4):328-333.
167. Hlatky M.A., Ashley E., Quertermous T., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase circulating levels, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptibility to acute myocardial infarction among patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2007, 154(6):1043-1051.
168. Manginas A., Bei E., Chaidaroglou A., et al. Peripheral levels of matrix
169. Peterson J.T. The importance of estimating the therapeutic index in the development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res 2006, 69:677-687.
170. Yip D., Ahmad A., Karapetis C.S., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: applications in oncology. Invest New Drugs 1999, 17:387-399.
171. Tierney G.M., Griffin N.R., Stuart R.C., et al. A pilot study of the safety and effects of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat in gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 1999, 35:563-568.
172. Rosemurgy A., Harris J., Langleben A., et al. Marimastat in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a dose-finding study. Am J Clin Oncol 1999, 22:247-252.
173. Renkiewicz R., Qiu L., Lesch C., et al. Broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat-induced musculoskeletal side effects in rats. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:1742-1749.
174. Matter H., Schudok M. Recent advances in the design of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2004, 7:513-535.
175. Overall C.M., Lopez-Otin C. Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer: innovations for the post-trial era. Nat Rev Cancer 2002, 2:657-672.
176. King M.K., Coker M.L., Goldberg A., et al. Selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with developing heart failure: effects on left ventricular function and structure. Circ Res 2003, 92:177-185.
177. Hudson M.P., Armstrong P.W., Ruzyllo W., et al. Effects of selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (PG-116800) to prevent ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: results of the PREMIER (prevention of myocardial infarction early remodeling) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48:15-20.
178. Gross J., Lapiere C.M. Collagenolytic activity in amphibian tissues: a tissue culture assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1962, 48:1014-1022.
179. Rossi M.A. Connective tissue skeleton in the normal left ventricle and in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic chagasic myocarditis. Med Sci Monit 2001, 7:820-832.