Trauma alarmins as activators of damage-induced inflammation

British Journal of Surgery

Volumn 99, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2012, Pages 12-20

  Manson, J ^a   Thiemermann, C ^a   Brohi, K ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INJURY; INNATE IMMUNITY; METABOLISM; NECROSIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; UPREGULATION;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; NECROSIS; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; UP-REGULATION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84555178222     PISSN: 00071323     EISSN: 13652168     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7717     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Chow CC, Clermont G, Kumar R, Lagoa C, Tawadrous Z, Gallo D, et al., The acute inflammatory response in diverse shock states. Shock 2005; 24: 74-84. (Pubitemid 40946598)
2. Lenz A, Franklin GA, Cheadle WG,. Systemic inflammation after trauma. Injury 2007; 38: 1336-1345. (Pubitemid 350192404)
3. Tsukamoto T, Chanthaphavong RS, Pape HC,. Current theories on the pathophysiology of multiple organ failure after trauma. Injury 2010; 41: 21-26.
4. Nathan C,. Points of control in inflammation. Nature 2002; 420: 846-852. (Pubitemid 36019637)
5. Napolitano LM, Ferrer T, McCarter RJ Jr, Scalea TM,. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score at admission independently predicts mortality and length of stay in trauma patients. J Trauma 2000; 49: 647-652.
6. Medzhitov R,. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 2008; 454: 428-435.
7. Gebhard F, Pfetsch H, Steinbach G, Strecker W, Kinzl L, Brückner UB,. Is interleukin 6 an early marker of injury severity following major trauma in humans? Arch Surg 2000; 135: 291-295. (Pubitemid 30154569)
8. Frink M, Pape HC, van Griensven M, Krettek C, Chaudry IH, Hildebrand F,. Influence of sex and age on MODS and cytokines after multiple injuries. Shock 2007; 27: 151-156. (Pubitemid 46105831)
9. Hranjec T, Swenson BR, Dossett LA, Metzger R, Flohr TR, Popovsky KA, et al., Diagnosis-dependent relationships between cytokine levels and survival in patients admitted for surgical critical care. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 210: 833-844, 845-846.
10. Jastrow KM III, Gonzalez EA, McGuire MF, Suliburk JW, Kozar RA, Iyengar S, et al., Early cytokine production risk stratifies trauma patients for multiple organ failure. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 209: 320-331.
11. Partrick DA, Moore EE, Moore FA, Biffl WL, Barnett CC Jr,. Release of anti-inflammatory mediators after major torso trauma correlates with the development of postinjury multiple organ failure. Am J Surg 1999; 178: 564-569. (Pubitemid 30058312)
12. Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, Moser KS, Brennan R, Read RA, et al., Epidemiology of trauma deaths: a reassessment. J Trauma 1995; 38: 185-193.
13. Faist E, Baue AE, Dittmer H, Heberer G,. Multiple organ failure in polytrauma patients. J Trauma 1983; 23: 775-787. (Pubitemid 13008526)
14. Moore FA, Moore EE, Poggetti R, McAnena OJ, Peterson VM, Abernathy CM, et al., Gut bacterial translocation via the portal vein: a clinical perspective with major torso trauma. J Trauma 1991; 31: 629-636.
15. Deitch EA, Morrison J, Berg R, Specian RD,. Effect of hemorrhagic shock on bacterial translocation, intestinal morphology, and intestinal permeability in conventional and antibiotic-decontaminated rats. Crit Care Med 1990; 18: 529-536. (Pubitemid 20164878)
16. Magnotti LJ, Upperman JS, Xu DZ, Lu Q, Deitch EA,. Gut-derived mesenteric lymph but not portal blood increases endothelial cell permeability and promotes lung injury after hemorrhagic shock. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 518-527. (Pubitemid 30194395)
17. Matzinger P,. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 2002; 296: 301-305. (Pubitemid 34303674)
18. Harris HE, Raucci A,. Alarmin(g) news about danger: workshop on innate danger signals and HMGB1. EMBO Rep 2006; 7: 774-778. (Pubitemid 44275393)
19. Oppenheim JJ, Yang D,. Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 17: 359-365. (Pubitemid 40848537)
20. Bianchi ME,. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81: 1-5. (Pubitemid 46028489)
21. Zedler S, Faist E,. The impact of endogenous triggers on trauma-associated inflammation. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006; 12: 595-601. (Pubitemid 44673437)
22. Janeway CA Jr, Medzhitov R,. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20: 197-216. (Pubitemid 34293424)
23. Matzinger P, Kamala T,. Tissue-based class control: the other side of tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11: 221-230.
24. Brunn GJ, Platt JL,. The etiology of sepsis: turned inside out. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12: 10-16. (Pubitemid 43089651)
25. Cohen J,. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 2002; 420: 885-891. (Pubitemid 36019643)
26. Xiang M, Fan J,. Pattern recognition receptor-dependent mechanisms of acute lung injury. Mol Med 2010; 16: 69-82.
27. Lipford GB, Heeg K, Wagner H,. Bacterial DNA as immune cell activator. Trends Microbiol 1998; 6: 496-500. (Pubitemid 29002883)
28. Yang D, Tewary P, de la Rosa G, Wei F, Oppenheim JJ,. The alarmin functions of high-mobility group proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1799: 157-163.
29. Meylan E, Tschopp J, Karin M,. Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response. Nature 2006; 442: 39-44. (Pubitemid 44064203)
30. Kaczorowski DJ, Mollen KP, Edmonds R, Billiar TR,. Early events in the recognition of danger signals after tissue injury. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83: 546-552. (Pubitemid 351966863)
31. Gallucci S, Matzinger P,. Danger signals: SOS to the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 2001; 13: 114-119. (Pubitemid 32096970)
32. Tewary P, Yang D, de la Rosa G, Li Y, Finn MW, Krensky AM, et al., Granulysin activates antigen-presenting cells through TLR4 and acts as an immune alarmin. Blood 2010; 116: 3465-3474.
33. Kono H, Rock KL,. How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8: 279-289. (Pubitemid 351432799)
34. Bianchi ME,. HMGB1 loves company. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86: 573-576.
35. Rouhiainen A, Tumova S, Valmu L, Kalkkinen N, Rauvala H,. Pivotal advance: analysis of proinflammatory activity of highly purified eukaryotic recombinant HMGB1 (amphoterin). J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81: 49-58. (Pubitemid 46021252)
36. Park JS, Svetkauskaite D, He Q, Kim JY, Strassheim D, Ishizaka A, et al., Involvement of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cellular activation by high mobility group box 1 protein. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 7370-7377. (Pubitemid 38294612)
37. Levy RM, Mollen KP, Prince JM, Kaczorowski DJ, Vallabhaneni R, Liu S, et al., Systemic inflammation and remote organ injury following trauma require HMGB1. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293: R1538-R1544. (Pubitemid 47535772)
38. Kim JY, Park JS, Strassheim D, Douglas I, Diaz del Valle F, Asehnoune K, et al., HMGB1 contributes to the development of acute lung injury after hemorrhage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 288: L958-L965. (Pubitemid 40547924)
39. Cohen MJ, Brohi K, Calfee CS, Rahn P, Chesebro BB, Christiaans SC, et al., Early release of high mobility group box nuclear protein 1 after severe trauma in humans: role of injury severity and tissue hypoperfusion. Crit Care 2009; 13: R174.
40. Yang R, Harada T, Mollen KP, Prince JM, Levy RM, Englert JA, et al., Anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody ameliorates gut barrier dysfunction and improves survival after hemorrhagic shock. Mol Med 2006; 12: 105-114. (Pubitemid 44454098)
41. Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME,. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature 2002; 418: 191-195. (Pubitemid 34773774)
42. Xu J, Zhang X, Pelayo R, Monestier M, Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, et al., Extracellular histones are major mediators of death in sepsis. Nat Med 2009; 15: 1318-1321.
43. Lo YM, Rainer TH, Chan LY, Hjelm NM, Cocks RA,. Plasma DNA as a prognostic marker in trauma patients. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 319-323. (Pubitemid 30152256)
44. Nawa Y, Kawahara K, Tancharoen S, Meng X, Sameshima H, Ito T, et al., Nucleophosmin may act as an alarmin: implications for severe sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86: 645-653.
45. Yamasaki S, Ishikawa E, Sakuma M, Hara H, Ogata K, Saito T,. Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9: 1179-1188.
46. Pespeni M, Mackersie RC, Lee H, Morabito D, Hodnett M, Howard M, et al., Serum levels of Hsp60 correlate with the development of acute lung injury after trauma. J Surg Res 2005; 126: 41-47. (Pubitemid 40726244)
47. Basu S, Binder RJ, Suto R, Anderson KM, Srivastava PK,. Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver a partial maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NF-kappa B pathway. Int Immunol 2000; 12: 1539-1546.
48. Osterloh A, Breloer M,. Heat shock proteins: linking danger and pathogen recognition. Med Microbiol Immunol 2008; 197: 1-8. (Pubitemid 350159887)
49. Cox JM, Kalns JE,. Development and characterization of a rat model of nonpenetrating liver trauma. Comp Med 60: 218-224.
50. Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, et al., Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature 2010; 464: 104-107.
51. Krysko DV, Agostinis P, Krysko O, Garg AD, Bachert C, Lambrecht BN, et al., Emerging role of damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria in inflammation. Trends Immunol 2011; 32: 157-164.
52. Zhang Q, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ,. Mitochondrial DNA is released by shock and activates neutrophils via p38 map kinase. Shock 2010; 34: 55-59.
53. Carp H,. Mitochondrial N-formylmethionyl proteins as chemoattractants for neutrophils. J Exp Med 1982; 155: 264-275. (Pubitemid 12209828)
54. la Sala A, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, Idzko M, Norgauer J, Girolomoni G,. Alerting and tuning the immune response by extracellular nucleotides. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 73: 339-343. (Pubitemid 36790849)
55. Di Virgilio F,. Liaisons dangereuses: P2X(7) and the inflammasome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28: 465-472.
56. Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, Aymeric L, Ma Y, Ortiz C, et al., Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med 2009; 15: 1170-1178.
57. Willart MA, Lambrecht BN,. The danger within: endogenous danger signals, atopy and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39: 12-19.
58. McDonald B, Pittman K, Menezes GB, Hirota SA, Slaba I, Waterhouse CC, et al., Intravascular danger signals guide neutrophils to sites of sterile inflammation. Science 2010; 330: 362-366.
59. Kono H, Chen CJ, Ontiveros F, Rock KL,. Uric acid promotes an acute inflammatory response to sterile cell death in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120: 1939-1949.
60. Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL,. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature 2003; 425: 516-521. (Pubitemid 37237047)
61. Tsung A, Sahai R, Tanaka H, Nakao A, Fink MP, Lotze MT, et al., The nuclear factor HMGB1 mediates hepatic injury after murine liver ischemia-reperfusion. J Exp Med 2005; 201: 1135-1143. (Pubitemid 40524681)
62. Leclerc E, Fritz G, Vetter SW, Heizmann CW,. Binding of S100 proteins to RAGE: an update. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1793: 993-1007.
63. Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B,. Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis 2007; 12: 913-922. (Pubitemid 46653300)
64. Adachi N, Hirota M, Hamaguchi M, Okamoto K, Watanabe K, Endo F,. Serum cytochrome c level as a prognostic indicator in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 342: 127-136. (Pubitemid 38352921)
65. Rutault K, Alderman C, Chain BM, Katz DR,. Reactive oxygen species activate human peripheral blood dendritic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 232-238.
66. Wrenshall LE, Cerra FB, Singh RK, Platt JL,. Heparan sulfate initiates signals in murine macrophages leading to divergent biologic outcomes. J Immunol 1995; 154: 871-880.
67. Wrenshall LE, Cerra FB, Carlson A, Bach FH, Platt JL,. Regulation of murine splenocyte responses by heparan sulfate. J Immunol 1991; 147: 455-459.
68. Henn V, Slupsky JR, Gräfe M, Anagnostopoulos I, Förster R, Muller-Berghaus G, et al., CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells. Nature 1998; 391: 591-594. (Pubitemid 28157601)
69. Smiley ST, King JA, Hancock WW,. Fibrinogen stimulates macrophage chemokine secretion through Toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol 2001; 167: 2887-2894. (Pubitemid 32768923)
70. Li Q, Laumonnier Y, Syrovets T, Simmet T,. Plasmin triggers cytokine induction in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 1383-1389. (Pubitemid 46809429)
71. Steinhoff M, Vergnolle N, Young SH, Tognetto M, Amadesi S, Ennes HS, et al., Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor 2 induce inflammation by a neurogenic mechanism. Nat Med 2000; 6: 151-158. (Pubitemid 30082358)
72. Fuchs D, Weiss G, Reibnegger G, Wachter H,. The role of neopterin as a monitor of cellular immune activation in transplantation, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1992; 29: 307-341. (Pubitemid 23011151)
73. Roumen RM, Redl H, Schlag G, Zilow G, Sandtner W, Koller W, et al., Inflammatory mediators in relation to the development of multiple organ failure in patients after severe blunt trauma. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 474-480.
74. Tsan MF,. Heat shock proteins and high mobility group box 1 protein lack cytokine function. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 89: 847-853.
75. Crouser ED, Shao G, Julian MW, Macre JE, Shadel GS, Tridandapani S, et al., Monocyte activation by necrotic cells is promoted by mitochondrial proteins and formyl peptide receptors. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 2000-2009.
76. Levy RM, Prince JM, Yang R, Mollen KP, Liao H, Watson GA, et al., Systemic inflammation and remote organ damage following bilateral femur fracture requires Toll-like receptor 4. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R970-R976. (Pubitemid 44498437)
77. Cox JM, Kalns JE,. Development and characterization of a rat model of nonpenetrating liver trauma. Comp Med 2010; 60: 218-224.
78. Andrassy M, Volz HC, Igwe JC, Funke B, Eichberger SN, Kaya Z, et al., High-mobility group box-1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart. Circulation 2008; 117: 3216-3226.
79. Hayakata T, Shiozaki T, Tasaki O, Ikegawa H, Inoue Y, Toshiyuki F, et al., Changes in CSF S100B and cytokine concentrations in early-phase severe traumatic brain injury. Shock 2004; 22: 102-107. (Pubitemid 40228186)
80. Vos PE, Jacobs B, Andriessen TM, Lamers KJ, Borm GF, Beems T, et al., GFAP and S100B are biomarkers of traumatic brain injury: an observational cohort study. Neurology 2010; 75: 1786-1793.
81. Ellis EF, Willoughby KA, Sparks SA, Chen T,. S100B protein is released from rat neonatal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by in vitro trauma and anti-S100 increases trauma-induced delayed neuronal injury and negates the protective effect of exogenous S100B on neurons. J Neurochem 2007; 101: 1463-1470. (Pubitemid 46848857)
82. Gerlach R, Demel G, Konig HG, Gross U, Prehn JH, Raabe A, et al., Active secretion of S100B from astrocytes during metabolic stress. Neuroscience 2006; 141: 1697-1701. (Pubitemid 44233123)
83. Johnson GB, Brunn GJ, Platt JL,. Cutting edge: an endogenous pathway to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-like reactions through Toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol 2004; 172: 20-24. (Pubitemid 38020450)
84. Platt JL, Vercellotti GM, Lindman BJ, Oegema TR Jr, Bach FH, Dalmasso AP,. Release of heparan sulfate from endothelial cells. Implications for pathogenesis of hyperacute rejection. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 1363-1368. (Pubitemid 20120153)
85. Henn V, Steinbach S, Buchner K, Presek P, Kroczek RA,. The inflammatory action of CD40 ligand (CD154) expressed on activated human platelets is temporally limited by coexpressed CD40. Blood 2001; 98: 1047-1054.
86. Ware JA, Heistad DD,. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Platelet-endothelium interactions. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 628-635.
87. Yang D, Biragyn A, Hoover DM, Lubkowski J, Oppenheim JJ,. Multiple roles of antimicrobial defensins, cathelicidins, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in host defense. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22: 181-215. (Pubitemid 38680422)
88. Galichet A, Weibel M, Heizmann CW,. Calcium-regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the RAGE receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370: 1-5.
89. Cohen MJ, Carles M, Brohi K, Calfee CS, Rahn P, Call MS, et al., Early release of soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts after severe trauma in humans. J Trauma 2010; 68: 1273-1278.
90. Matzinger P,. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol 1994; 12: 991-1045. (Pubitemid 24140436)
91. Sihler KC, Napolitano LM,. Complications of massive transfusion. Chest 2010; 137: 209-220.
92. Tschoeke SK, Hellmuth M, Hostmann A, Ertel W, Oberholzer A,. The early second hit in trauma management augments the proinflammatory immune response to multiple injuries. J Trauma 2007; 62: 1396-1403. (Pubitemid 46918739)
93. Andersson U, Tracey KJ,. HMGB1 is a therapeutic target for sterile inflammation and infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29: 139-162.
94. Gray MW, Burger G, Lang BF,. Mitochondrial evolution. Science 1999; 283: 1476-1481.
95. Gearing AJ,. Targeting Toll-like receptors for drug development: a summary of commercial approaches. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 85: 490-494. (Pubitemid 47367512)
96. Sutherland AM, Walley KR,. Bench-to-bedside review: association of genetic variation with sepsis. Crit Care 2009; 13: 210.
97. Marik PE, Zaloga GP,. Immunonutrition in high-risk surgical patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2010; 34: 378-386.
98. Roxburgh CS, McMillan DC,. Role of systemic inflammatory response in predicting survival in patients with primary operable cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6: 149-163.
99. Anderson ID,. Care of the critically ill surgical patient courses of the Royal College of Surgeons. Br J Hosp Med 1997; 57: 274-275. (Pubitemid 127799746)
100. Daniels R,. Surviving the first hours in sepsis: getting the basics right (an intensivist's perspective). J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66 (Suppl 2): ii11-ii23.
101. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al., Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 296-327.