Application of mesoporous silicon dioxide and silicate in oral amorphous drug delivery systems

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 444-463

  Qian, Ken K ^a   Bogner, Robin H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Adsorption; Amorphization; Amorphous; Drug delivery systems; Excipients; MCM 41; Mesoporous; SBA 15; Silicon dioxide; Surface chemistry

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; ATTAPULGITE; GENTAMICIN; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOPROFEN; MESOPOROUS SILICON DIOXIDE; NAPHTHALENE; NAPROXEN; NIMODIPINE; ORGANIC SOLVENT; POROUS POLYMER; PROGESTERONE; SERTRALINE; SILICATE; SILICON DIOXIDE; SULINDAC; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

BULK DENSITY; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG STABILITY; GAS; REVIEW; SYNTHESIS; THERMODYNAMICS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 84455200656     PISSN: 00223549     EISSN: 15206017     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jps.22779     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Hancock BC, Zografi G. 1997. Characteristics and significance of the amorphous state in pharmaceutical systems. J Pharm Sci 86(1):1-12.
2. Yu L. 2001. Amorphous pharmaceutical solids: Preparation, characterization and stabilization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 48(1):27-42.
3. Willart JF, Descamps M. 2008. Solid state amorphization of pharmaceuticals. Mol Pharm 5(6):905-920.
4. Ediger MD, Angell CA, Nagel SR. 1996. Supercooled liquids and glasses. J Phys Chem 100(31):13200-13212.
5. Debenedetti PG, Stillinger FH. 2001. Supercooled liquids and the glass transition. Nature 410(6825):259-267.
6. Marsac P, Shamblin S, Taylor L. 2006. Theoretical and practical approaches for prediction of drug-polymer miscibility and solubility. Pharm Res 23(10):2417-2426.
7. Marsac PJ, Li T, Taylor LS. 2008. Estimation of drug-polymer miscibility and solubility in amorphous solid dispersions using experimentally determined interaction parameters. Pharm Res 26(1):139-151.
8. Tao J, Sun Y, Zhang G, Yu L. 2009. Solubility of small-molecule crystals in polymers: d-Mannitol in PVP, indomethacin in PVP/VA, and nifedipine in PVP/VA. Pharm Res 26(4):855-864.
9. Paudel A, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. 2010. Theoretical and experimental investigation on the solid solubility and miscibility of naproxen in poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). Mol Pharm 7(4):1133-1148.
10. Qian F, Huang J, Hussain MA. 2010. Drug-polymer solubility and miscibility: Stability consideration and practical challenges in amorphous solid dispersion development. J Pharm Sci 99(7):2941-2947.
11. Sing KSW, Everett DH, Haul RAW, Moscou L, Pierotti RA, Rouquerol J, Siemieniewska T. 1985. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl Chem 57(4):603-619.
12. Konno T. 1990. Physical and chemical changes of medicinals in mixtures with adsorbents in the solid state. IV. Study on reduced-pressure mixing for practical use of amorphous mixtures of flufenamic acid. Chem Pharm Bull 38(7):2003-2007.
13. Klafter J, Drake JM. 1989. Molecular dynamics in restricted geometries. 1st ed. New York City, New York: Wiley.
14. Jackson CL, McKenna GB. 1996. Vitrification and crystallization of organic liquids confined to nanoscale pores. Chem Mater 8(8):2128-2137.
15. Johari GP, Kim S, Shanker RM. 2007. Dielectric relaxation and crystallization of ultraviscous melt and glassy states of aspirin, ibuprofen, progesterone, and quinidine. J Pharm Sci 96(5):1159-1175.
16. Young DM, Crowell AD. 1962. Physical adsorption of gases. 1st ed. Washington District of Columbia: Butterworths.
17. Gregg SJ, Sing KSW. 1982. Adsorption, surface area and porosity. 2nd ed. London, UK: Academic Press.
18. Rouquerol F, Rouquerol J, Sing KSW. 1999. Adsorption by powders and porous solids: Principles, methodology, and applications. 1st ed. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
19. Sing KSW. 1989. The use of gas adsorption for the characterization of porous solids. Colloids Surf 38(1):113-124.
20. Lowell S, Shields JE, Thomas MA, Thommes M. 2004. Characterization of porous solids and powders: Surface area, pore size, and density. 2nd ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
21. Barrett EP, Joyner LG, Halenda PP. 1951. The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J Am Chem Soc 73(1):373-380.
22. Kibbe AH. 2000. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients. 3rd ed. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press.
23. Iler RK. 1979. The chemistry of silica. 1st ed. New York City, New York: Wiley.
24. Vansant EF, Van der Voort P, Vrancken KC. 1995. Characterization and chemical modification of the silica surface. 1st ed. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier.
25. Zhuravlev LT. 2000. The surface chemistry of amorphous silica. Zhuravlev model. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 173(1-3):1-38.
26. Kresge CT, Leonowicz ME, Roth WJ, Vartuli JC, Beck JS. 1992. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature 359(6397):710-712.
27. Beck JS, Vartuli JC, Roth WJ, Leonowicz ME, Kresge CT, Schmitt KD, Chu CTW, Olson DH, Sheppard EW. 1992. A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. J Am Chem Soc 114(27):10834-10843.
28. Beck JS, Vartuli JC. 1996. Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of mesoporous molecular sieves. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 1(1):76-87.
29. Ciesla U, Schuth F. 1999. Ordered mesoporous materials. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 27(2-3):131-149.
30. Chen CY, Li HX, Davis ME. 1993. Studies on mesoporous materials: I. Synthesis and characterization of MCM-41. Microporous Mater 2(1):17-26.
31. Chen CY, Burkett SL, Li HX, Davis ME. 1993. Studies on mesoporous materials: II. Synthesis mechanism of MCM-41. Microporous Mater 2(1):27-34.
32. Zhao D, Feng J, Huo Q, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD. 1998. Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 Angstrom pores. Science 279(5350):548-552.
33. Zhao D, Huo Q, Feng J, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD. 1998. Nonionic triblock and star siblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, mesoporous silica structures. J Am Chem Soc 120(24):6024-6036.
34. Sakamoto Y, Kaneda M, Terasaki O, Zhao DY, Kim JM, Stucky G, Shin HJ, Ryoo R. 2000. Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials. Nature 408(6811):449-453.
35. Ali AS, Yamamoto K, El-Sayed AM, Habib FS, Nakai Y. 1992. Molecular interaction between benzoic acid and Florite and complex formation. Chem Pharm Bull 40(2):467-471.
36. Hanawa T, Ikoma R, Sugihara M. 1997. Preparation and characterization of sealed heated mixture of sublimable compound and porous calcium silicate. II. Investigation of the interaction between maltol and porous calcium silicate surface. Int J Pharm 154(1):1-8.
37. Galarneau A, Cambon H, Martin T, De Menorval LC, Brunel D, Di Renzo F, Fajula F. 2002. SBA-15 versus MCM-41: Are they the same materials? Stud Surf Sci Catal 141(Nanoporous Materials III):395-402.
38. Coasne B, Galarneau A, Di Renzo F, Pellenq RJM. 2006. Gas adsorption in mesoporous micelle-templated silicas: MCM-41, MCM-48 and SBA-15. Langmuir 22(26):11097-11105.
39. Jenkins R, Snyder RL. 1996. Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry. 1st ed. New York City, New York: Wiley.
40. Takamuku T, Yamagami M, Wakita H, Masuda Y, Yamaguchi T. 1997. Thermal property, structure, and dynamics of supercooled water in porous silica by calorimetry, neutron scattering, and NMR relaxation. J Phys Chem B 101(29):5730-5739.
41. Takahara S, Nakano M, Kittaka S, Kuroda Y, Mori T, Hamano H, Yamaguchi T. 1999. Neutron scattering study on dynamics of water molecules in MCM-41. J Phys Chem B 103(28):5814-5819.
42. Takahara S, Sumiyama N, Kittaka S, Yamaguchi T, Bellissent-Funel MC. 2005. Neutron scattering study on dynamics of water molecules in MCM-41. 2. Determination of translational diffusion coefficient. J Phys Chem B 109(22):11231-11239.
43. Takahara S, Kittaka S, Mori T, Kuroda Y, Takamuku T, Yamaguchi T. 2008. Neutron scattering and dielectric studies on dynamics of methanol and ethanol confined in MCM-41. J Phys Chem C 112(37):14385-14393.
44. Kittaka S, Iwashita T, Serizawa A, Kranishi M, Takahara S, Kuroda Y, Mori T, Yamaguchi T. 2005. Low temperature properties of acetonitrile confined in MCM-41. J Phys Chem B 109(49):23162-23169.
45. Tishmack PA, Bugay DE, Byrn SR. 2003. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Pharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Sci 92(3):441-474.
46. Smith G, Duffy AP, Shen J, Olliff CJ. 1995. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and some applications in the pharmaceutical sciences. J Pharm Sci 84(9):1029-1044.
47. Jackson CL, McKenna GB. 1990. The melting behavior of organic materials confined in porous solids. J Chem Phys 93(12):9002-9011.
48. Mitchell J, Strange JH. 2004. An NMR investigation of naphthalene nanostructures. Mol Phys 102(19-20):1997-2005.
49. Azais T, Tourne-Peteilh C, Aussenac F, Baccile N, Coelho C, Devoisselle JM, Babonneau F. 2006. Solid-state NMR study of ibuprofen confined in MCM-41 material. Chem Mater 18(26):6382-6390.
50. Azais T, Hartmeyer G, Quignard S, Laurent G, Babonneau F. 2010. Solution state NMR techniques applied to solid state samples: Characterization of benzoic acid confined in MCM. J Phys Chem C 114(19):8884-8891.
51. Bras AR, Merino EG, Neves PD, Fonseca IM, Dionisio M, Schonhals A, Correia NT. 2011. Amorphous ibuprofen confined in nanostructured silica materials: A dynamical approach. J Phys Chem C 115(11):4616-4623.
52. Webber B, Dore J. 2004. Structural and dynamic studies of water in mesoporous silicas using neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. J Phys Condens Matter 16(45):S5449-S5470.
53. Colthup NB, Daly LH, Wiberley SE. 1990. Introduction to infrared and Raman spectroscopy. 3rd ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Academic Press.
54. Gabrys BJ. 2000. Applications of neutron scattering to soft condensed matter. 1st ed. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Gordon & Breach.
55. Mitchell PCH. 2005. Vibrational spectroscopy with neutrons with applications in chemistry, biology, material science and catalysis. Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific.
56. Willis BTM, Carlile CJ. 2009. Experimental neutron scattering. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Dykhne T, Taylor R, Florence A, Billinge S. 2011. Data requirements for the reliable use of atomic pair distribution functions in amorphous pharmaceutical fingerprinting. Pharm Res 28(5):1041-1048.
58. Proffen T, Page KL. 2004. Obtaining structural information from the atomic pair distribution function. Z Kristallogr 219(3):130-135.
59. Proffen T, Page KL, McLain SE, Clausen B, Darling TW, TenCate JA, Lee SY, Ustundag E. 2005. Atomic pair distribution function analysis of materials containing crystalline and amorphous phases. Z Kristallogr 220(12):1002-1008.
60. Neuefeind J, Chipley KK, Tulk CA, Simonson JM, Winokur MJ. 2006. A nanoscale ordered materials diffractometer for the SNS. Phys B Condens Matter 385-386(Part 2):1066-1069.
61. Bates S, Zografi G, Engers D, Morris K, Crowley K, Newman A. 2006. Analysis of amorphous and nanocrystalline solids from their X-ray diffraction patterns. Pharm Res 23(10):2333-2349.
62. Charnay C, Begu S, Tourne-Peteilh C, Nicole L, Lerner DA, Devoisselle JM. 2004. Inclusion of ibuprofen in mesoporous templated silica: Drug loading and release property. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 57(3):533-540.
63. Israelachvili JN. 1991. Intermolecular and surface forces. 2nd ed. London, UK: Academic Press.
64. Fernandez-Nunez M, Zorrilla D, Montes A, Mosquera MJ. 2009. Ibuprofen loading in surfactant-templated silica: Role of the solvent according to the polarizable continuum model. J Phys Chem A 113(42):11367-11375.
65. Mellaerts R, Aerts CA, Humbeeck JV, Augustijns P, Van den Mooter G, Martens JA. 2007. Enhanced release of itraconazole from ordered mesoporous SBA-15 silica materials. Chem Commun (13):1375-1377.
66. Van Speybroeck M, Barillaro V, Thi TD, Mellaerts R, Martens J, Van Humbeeck J, Vermant J, Annaert P, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P. 2009. Ordered mesoporous silica material SBA-15: A broad-spectrum formulation platform for poorly soluble drugs. J Pharm Sci 98(8):2648-2658.
67. Limnell T, Santos HA, Makila E, Heikkila T, Salonen J, Murzin DY, Kumar N, Laaksonen T, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J. 2011. Drug delivery formulations of ordered and nonordered mesoporous silica: Comparison of three drug loading methods. J Pharm Sci 100(8):3294-3306.
68. Van Speybroeck M, Mellaerts R, Mols R, Thi TD, Martens JA, Van Humbeeck J, Annaert P, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P. 2010. Enhanced absorption of the poorly soluble drug fenofibrate by tuning its release rate from ordered mesoporous silica. Eur J Pharm Sci 41(5):623-630.
69. Zhang Y, Jiang T, Zhang Q, Wang S. 2010. Inclusion of telmisartan in mesocellular foam nanoparticles: Drug loading and release property. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 76(1):17-23.
70. Planinsek O, Kovacic B, Vrecer F. 2011. Carvedilol dissolution improvement by preparation of solid dispersions with porous silica. Int J Pharm 406(1-2):41-48.
71. Van Speybroeck M, Mellaerts R, Thi TD, Martens JA, Van Humbeeck J, Annaert P, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P 2011 (In press). Preventing release in the acidic environment of the stomach via occlusion in ordered mesoporous silica enhances the absorption of poorly soluble weakly acidic drugs. J Pharm Sci.
72. Mellaerts R, Mols R, Jammaer JAG, Aerts CA, Annaert P, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P, Martens JA. 2008. Increasing the oral bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug itraconazole with ordered mesoporous silica. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 69(1):223-230.
73. Van Speybroeck M, Mols R, Mellaerts R, Thi TD, Martens JA, Humbeeck JV, Annaert P, Mooter GVd, Augustijns P. 2010. Combined use of ordered mesoporous silica and precipitation inhibitors for improved oral absorption of the poorly soluble weak base itraconazole. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 75(3):354-365.
74. Aiello R, Cavallaro G, Giammona G, Pasqua L, Testa F. 2002. Mesoporous silicate as matrix for drug delivery systems of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Stud Surf Sci Catal 142:1165-1172.
75. Cavallero G, Pierro P, Palumbo FS, Testa F, Luigi P, Aiello R. 2004. Drug delivery devices based on mesoporous silicate. Drug Deliv 11(1):41-46.
76. Doadrio AL, Doadrio JC, Sanchez-Montero JM, Salinas AJ, Vallet-Regi M. 2010. A rational explanation of the vancomycin release from SBA-15 and its derivative by molecular modelling. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 132(3):559-566.
77. Doadrio AL, Sousa EMB, Doadrio JC, Perez Pariente J, Izquierdo-Barba I, Vallet-Regi M. 2004. Mesoporous SBA-15 HPLC evaluation for controlled gentamicin drug delivery. J Control Release 97(1):125-132.
78. Halamova D, Badanicova M, Zelenak V, Gondova T, Vainio U. 2010. Naproxen drug delivery using periodic mesoporous silica SBA-15. Appl Surf Sci 256(22):6489-6494.
79. Horcajada P, Ramila A, Perez-Pariente J, Vallet-Regi M. 2004. Influence of pore size of MCM-41 matrices on drug delivery rate. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 68(1-3):105-109.
80. Izquierdo-Barba I, Sousa E, Doadrio J, Doadrio A, Pariente J, Martinez A, Babonneau F, Vallet-Regi M. 2009. Influence of mesoporous structure type on the controlled delivery of drugs: Release of ibuprofen from MCM-48, SBA-15 and functionalized SBA-15. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 50(3):421-429.
81. Mortera R, Fiorilli S, Garrone E, Verné E, Onida B. 2010. Pores occlusion in MCM-41 spheres immersed in SBF and the effect on ibuprofen delivery kinetics: A quantitative model. Chem Eng J 156(1):184-192.
82. Nunes CD, Vaz PD, Fernandes AC, Ferreira P, Romao CC, Calhorda MJ. 2007. Loading and delivery of sertraline using inorganic micro and mesoporous materials. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66(3):357-365.
83. Ramila A, Munoz B, Perez-Pariente J, Vallet-Regi M. 2003. Mesoporous MCM-41 as drug host system. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 26(1):1199-1202.
84. Song SW, Hidajat K, Kawi S. 2005. Functionalized SBA-15 materials as carriers for controlled drug delivery: Influence of surface properties on matrix-drug interactions. Langmuir 21(21):9568-9575.
85. Vallet-Regi M, Doadrio JC, Doadrio AL, Izquierdo-Barba I, Perez-Pariente J. 2004. Hexagonal ordered mesoporous material as a matrix for the controlled release of amoxicillin. Solid State Ionics 172(1-4):435-439.
86. Vallet-Regi M, Ramila A, del Real RP, Perez-Pariente J. 2001. A new property of MCM-41: Drug delivery system. Chem Mater 13(2):308-311.
87. Wang G, Otuonye AN, Blair EA, Denton K, Tao Z, Asefa T. 2009. Functionalized mesoporous materials for adsorption and release of different drug molecules: A comparative study. J Solid State Chem 182(7):1649-1660.
88. Yu H, Zhai QZ. 2009. Mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve as a carrier for controlled release of nimodipine. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 123(1-3):298-305.
89. Aerts CA, Verraedt E, Mellaerts R, Depla A, Augustijns P, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G, Martens JA. 2007. Tunability of pore diameter and particle size of amorphous microporous silica for diffusive controlled release of drug compounds. J Phys Chem C 111(36):13404-13409.
90. Aerts CA, Verraedt E, Depla A, Follens L, Froyen L, Van Humbeeck J, Augustijns P, Van den Mooter G, Mellaerts R, Martens JA. 2010. Potential of amorphous microporous silica for ibuprofen controlled release. Int J Pharm 397(1-2):84-91.
91. Verraedt E, Van den Mooter G, Martens JA. 2011. Novel amorphous microporous silica spheres for controlled release applications. J Pharm Sci 100(10):4295-4301.
92. Verraedt E, Pendela M, Adams E, Hoogmartens J, Martens JA. 2010. Controlled release of chlorhexidine from amorphous microporous silica. J Control Release 142(1):47-52.
93. Gupta MK, Vanwert A, Bogner RH. 2003. Formation of physically stable amorphous drugs by milling with neusilin. J Pharm Sci 92(3):536-551.
94. Bahl D, Bogner RH. 2006. Amorphization of indomethacin by co-grinding with Neusilin US2: Amorphization kinetics, physical stability and mechanism. Pharm Res 23(10):2317-2325.
95. Maclean J, Medina C, Daurio D, Alvarez-Nunez F, Jona J, Munson E, Nagapudi K. 2011. Manufacture and performance evaluation of a stable amorphous complex of an acidic drug molecule and Neusilin. J Pharm Sci 100(8):3332-3344.
96. Bahl D, Hudak J, Bogner RH. 2008. Comparison of the ability of various pharmaceutical silicates to amorphize and enhance dissolution of indomethacin upon co-grinding. Pharm Dev Technol 13(3):255-269.
97. Bahl D, Bogner RH. 2008. Amorphization alone does not account for the enhancement of solubility of drug co-ground with silicate: The case of indomethacin. AAPS PharmSciTech 9(1):146-153.
98. Nakai Y, Yamamoto K, Terada K, Ichikawa J. 1984. Interaction of medicinals and porous powders. I. Anomalous thermal behavior of porous glass mixtures. Chem Pharm Bull 32(11):4566-4571.
99. Konno T, Kinuno K, Kataoka K. 1986. Physical and chemical changes of medicinals in mixtures with adsorbents in the solid state. I. Effect of vapor pressure of the medicinals on changes in crystalline properties. Chem Pharm Bull 34(1):301-307.
100. Tozuka Y, Sasaoka S, Nagae A, Moribe K, Oguchi T, Yamamoto K. 2005. Rapid adsorption and entrapment of benzoic acid molecules onto mesoporous silica (FSM-16). J Colloid Interface Sci 291(2):471-476.
101. Tozuka Y, Oguchi T, Yamamoto K. 2003. Adsorption and entrapment of salicylamide molecules into the mesoporous structure of folded sheets mesoporous material (FSM-16). Pharm Res 20(6):926-930.
102. Tozuka Y, Wongmekiat A, Kimura K, Moribe K, Yamamura S, Yamamoto K. 2005. Effect of pore size of FSM-16 on the entrapment of flurbiprofen in mesoporous structures. Chem Pharm Bull 53(8):974-977.
103. Nishiwaki A, Watanabe A, Higashi K, Tozuka Y, Moribe K, Yamamoto K. 2009. Molecular states of prednisolone dispersed in folded sheet mesoporous silica (FSM-16). Int J Pharm 378(1-2):17-22.
104. Yonemochi E, Kojima M, Nakatsuji A, Okonogi S, Oguchi T, Nakai Y, Yamamoto K. 1995. Thermal behavior of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate in controlled-pore glass solid dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 173(1):186-191.
105. Okonogi S, Oguchi T, Yonemochi E, Puttipipatkhachorn S, Yamamoto K. 1999. Physicochemical properties of ursodeoxycholic acid dispersed in controlled pore glass. J Colloid Interface Sci 216(2):276-284.
106. Pan X, Julian T, Augsburger L. 2008. Increasing the dissolution rate of a low-solubility drug through a crystalline-amorphous transition: A case study with indomethacin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 34(2):221-231.
107. Qian KK, Bogner RH. 2011. Spontaneous crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation of organic or medicinal compounds in the presence of porous media, part 1: Thermodynamics of spontaneous amorphization. J Pharm Sci 100(7):2801-2815.
108. Qian KK, Suib SL, Bogner RH. 2011. Spontaneous crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation of organic or medicinal compounds in the presence of porous media, part 2: Amorphization capacity and mechanisms of interaction. J Pharm Sci. 100(11):4674-4686.
109. Qian KK, Bogner RH. 2011. Spontaneous crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation of organic or medicinal compounds in the presence of porous media, part 3: Effect of moisture. Pharmaceutical Research (Submitted).
110. Mellaerts R, Houthoofd K, Elen K, Chen H, Van Speybroeck M, Van Humbeeck J, Augustijns P, Mullens J, Van den Mooter G, Martens JA. 2010. Aging behavior of pharmaceutical formulations of itraconazole on SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica carrier material. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 130(1-3):154-161.
111. Garofalini SH. 1990. Molecular dynamics computer simulations of silica surface structure and adsorption of water molecules. J Non Cryst Solids 120(1-3):1-12.
112. Garofalini SH. 1990. Simulations of glass surfaces: Structure, water adsorption, and bond rupture. Proc SPIE 1324(Modeling of Optical Thin Films II):131-137.
113. Garofalini SH. 1994. Simulations of glass surfaces: Structure and adsorption. NATO ASI Ser, Ser C: Math Phys Sci 418(Defects and Disorder in Crystalline and Amorphous Solids):375-390.
114. Mellaerts R, Roeffaers MBJ, Houthoofd K, Van Speybroeck M, De Cremer G, Jammaer JAG, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P, Hofkens J, Martens JA. 2011. Molecular organization of hydrophobic molecules and co-adsorbed water in SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13(7):2706-2713.
115. Miachon S, Syakaev VV, Rakhmatullin A, Pera-Titus M, Caldarelli S, Dalmon JA. 2008. Higher gas solubility in nanoliquids? Chemphyschem 9(1):78-82.
116. Hailu SA, Bogner RH. 2011. Complex effects of drug/silicate ratio, solid-state equivalent pH, and moisture on chemical stability of amorphous quinapril hydrochloride coground with silicates. J Pharm Sci 100(4):1503-1515.
117. Prisk TR, Tyagi M, Sokol PE. 2011. Dynamics of small-molecule glass formers confined in nanopores. J Chem Phys 134(11):114506.