Basic confocal microscopy

Current Protocols in Neuroscience

Volumn , Issue SUPPL. 56, 2011, Pages

  Smith, Carolyn L ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE   (United States)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Fluorescence; Imaging; Resolution; Three dimensional reconstruction

Indexed keywords

GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

ANTIBODY LABELING; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; BLEACHING; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; GOLGI COMPLEX; ILLUMINATION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE QUALITY; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IRRADIATION; NONHUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

EID: 84255201202     PISSN: 19348584     EISSN: 19348576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0202s56     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ando, R., Hama, H., Yamamoto-Hino, M., Mizuno, H., and Miyawaki, A. 2002. An optical marker based on the UV-induced green-to-red photoconversion of a fluorescent protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:12651-12656.
2. Art, J. 2006. Photon detectors for confocal microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 251-264. Springer, New York.
3. Bacallao, R., Sohrab, S., and Phillips, C. 2006. Guiding principles of specimen preservation for confocal fluorescence microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 368-380. Springer, New York.
4. Benham, G. 2002. Practical aspects of objective lens selection for confocal and multiphoton digital imaging techniques. In Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (B. Matsumoto, ed.) pp. 247-300. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
5. Boccacci, P. and Bertero, M. 2002. Imagerestoration methods: Basics and algorithms. In Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications, and Advances (A. Diaspro, A., ed.), pp. 253-269. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J.
6. Bonhoeffer, T. and Yuste, R. 2002. Spine motility: Phenomenology,mechanisms, and function. Neuron 35:1019-1027.
7. Brelje, T.C., Wessendorf, M.W., and Sorenson, R.L. 1993. Multicolor laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy: Practical applications and limitations. In Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy (B. Matsumoto, ed.) pp. 98-182. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
8. Brelje, T.C., Wessendorf, M.W., and Sorenson, R.L. 2002. Multicolor laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy: Practical applications and limitations. In Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (B. Matsumoto, ed.), pp. 166-244. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
9. Bystricky, K., Laroche, T., van Houwe, G., Blaszczyk, M., and Gasser, S.M. 2005. Chromosome looping in yeast: Telomere pairing and coordinated movement reflect anchoring efficiency and territorial organization. J. Cell Biol. 168:375-387.
10. Canell, M.B., McMorland, A., and Soeller, C. 2006. Image enhancement by deconvolution. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 488-500. Springer, New York.
11. Centonze, V. and Pawley, J. 1995. Tutorial on practical confocal microscopy and use of the confocal test specimen. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 549-570. Plenum, New York.
12. Centonze, V. and Pawley, J. 2006. Tutorial on practical confocal microscopy and use of the confocal test specimen. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 627-649. Springer, New York.
13. Cole, N., Smith, C., Sciaky, N., Terasaki, M., Edidin, M., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. 1996. Diffusional mobility of Golgi proteins in membranes of living cells. Science 237:797-801.
14. Dailey, M.E., Manders, E., Soll, D.R., and Terasaki, M. 2006. Confocal microscopy of living cells. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 381-403. Springer, New York.
15. Diaspro, A. (ed.) 2002. Confocal and Two Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications and Advances. Wiley-Liss, New York.
16. Dickinson, M.E., Bearman, G., Tille, S., Lansford, R., and Fraser, S.E. 2001. Multi-spectral imaging and llinear unmixing add a whole new dimension to laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Biotechniques 31:1274-1278.
17. Fernandez-Alfonso, T. and Ryan, T.A. 2004. The kinetics of synaptic vesicle pool depletion at CNS synaptic terminals. Neuron 41:943-953.
18. Giepmans, B.N.G., Adams, S.R., Ellisman, M.H., and Tsien, R.Y. 2006. The fluorescent toolbox for assessing protein location and function. Science 312:217-224.
19. Giloh, H. and Sedat, J.W. 1982. Fluorescence microscopy: Reduced photobleaching of rhodamine and fluorescein protein conjugates by n-propyl gallate. Science 217:1252-1255.
20. Goldstein, M. and Watkins, S. 2008. Immunohistochemistry. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 81:14.6.1-14.6.23.
21. Holmes, T.J., Biggs, D., and Abu-Tarif, A. 2006. Blind deconvolution. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 468-487. Springer, New York.
22. Inoué, S. and Inoué, T. 2002. Direct-View High-Speed Confocal Scanner: The CSU-10. In Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (B. Matsumoto, ed.) pp. 88-128. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
23. Inoué, S. and Spring, K.R. 1997.VideoMicroscopy: The Fundamentals, 2nd ed. Plenum, New York.
24. Jares-Erijman, E.A. and Jovin, T.M. 2003. FRET imaging. Nat. Biotechnol. 21:1387-1395.
25. Johnson, G.D., Davidson, R.S., McNamee, K.C., Russell, G., Goodwin, D., and Holborow, E.J. 1982. Fading of immunofluorescence duringmicroscopy: A study of the phenomenon and its remedy. J. Immunol. Methods 55:231-242.
26. Kahana, J.A. and Silver, P.A. 1996. Use of the A. victoria green fluorescent protein to study protein dynamics in vivo. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 34:9.7.22-9.7.28.
27. Kamabadur, R., Koizumi, K., Stivers, C., Nagle, J., Poole, S., and Odenwald, W. 1998. Regulation of POU genes by castor and hunchback establishes layered compartments in the Drosophila CNS. Genes Dev. 12:246-260.
28. Karbowski, M., Arnoult, D., Chen, H., Chan, D.C., Smith, C.L., and Youle, R.J. 2004. Quantitation of mitochondrial dynamics by photolabeling of individual organelles shows that mitochondrial fusion is blocked during the Bax activation phase of apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 164:493-499.
29. Keller, E. 1995. Objective lenses for confocal microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 111-126. Plenum, New York.
30. Keller, E. 2006. Objective lenses for confocal microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 145-161. Springer, New York.
31. Knoll, J.H., Lichter, P., Bakdounes, K., and Eltoum, I.-E.A. 2007. In situ hybridization and detection using nonisotopic probes. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 79:14.7.1-14.7.17.
32. Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Altan-Bonnet, N., and Patterson, G.H. 2003. Photobleaching and photoactivation: Following protein dynamics in living cells. Nat. Cell Biol. Suppl:S7-S14.
33. Majlof, L. and Forsgren, P. 2002. Confocal microscopy: Important considerations for accurate imaging. In Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (B. Matsumoto, ed.) pp. 149-164. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
34. Matsumoto, B. (ed.) 2002. Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
35. McNally, J.G. and Smith, C.L. 2002. Photobleaching by confocal microscopy. In Confocal and Two Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications and Advances (A. Diaspro, ed.) pp. 525-538. Wiley-Liss, New York.
36. McNally, J., Karpova, T., Cooper, J., and Conchello, J. 1999. Three-dimensional imaging by deconvolution microscopy. Methods 19:373-385.
37. Michalet, X., Pinaud, F.F., Bentolila, L.A., Tsay, J.M., Doose, S., Li, J.J., Sundaresan, G., Wu, A.M., Gambhir, S.S., andWeiss, S. 2005. Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics. Science 307:538-544.
38. Nerbonne, J.M. 1996. Caged compounds: Tools for illuminating neuronal responses and connections. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:379-386.
39. Patterson, G.H. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. 2002. A photoactivatable GFP for selective photolabeling of proteins and cells. Science 297:1873-1877.
40. Pawley, J.B. (ed.) 1995. Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. Plenum, New York.
41. Pawley, J.B. (ed.) 2006. Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. Springer, New York.
42. Russ, J. 2002. The Image Processing Handbook, 4th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
43. Salmon, E.D. and Canman, J.C. 1998. Proper alignment and adjustment of the light microscope. Curr. Protoc. Cell. Biol. 0:4.1.1-4.1.26.
44. Sandison, D.R., Williams, R.M., Wells, K.S., Strickler, J., and Webb, W.W. 1995. Quantitative fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 39-54. Plenum, New York.
45. Shaner, N.C., Campbell, R.E., Steinbach, P.A., Giepmans, B.N., Palmer, A.E., and Tsien, R.Y. 2004. Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. Red fluorescent protein. Nat. Biotechnol. 22:1567-1572.
46. Shotton, D.M. 1993. Electronic acquisition of light microscope images. In Electronic Light Microscopy (D.M. Shotton, ed.) pp. 1-38. Wiley-Liss, New York.
47. Sprague, B.L. and McNally, J.G. 2005. FRAP analysis of binding: Proper and fitting. Trends Cell Biol. 15:84-91.
48. Staudt, T., Lang, M.C., Medda, R., Engelhardt, J., and Hell, S.W. 2007. 2,2'-Thiodiethanol: A new water-soluble mounting medium for high resolution optical microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 70:1-9.
49. Terasaki, M. and Dailey, M.E. 1995. Confocal microscopy of living cells. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 327-346. Plenum, New York.
50. Toomre, D. and Pawley, J.B. 2006. Disk-scanning confocal microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 221-238. Springer, New York.
51. Tsien, R.Y., Ernst, L., andWaggoner, A. 2006. Fluorophores for confocal microscopy: Photophysics and photochemistry. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 338-352. Springer, New York.
52. Waterman-Storer, C.M., Sanger, J.W., and Sanger, J.M. 1993. Dynamics of organelles in the mitotic spindles of living cells:Membrane and microtubule interactions. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 26:19-39.
53. Webb, R.H. and Dorey, C.K. 1995. The pixilated image. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 55-68. Plenum, New York.
54. Wilson, T. (ed.) 1990. Confocal Microscopy. Academic Press, London.
55. Wilson, T. 1995. The role of the pinhole in confocal imaging system. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd ed. (J. Pawley, ed.) pp. 167-182. Plenum, New York.
56. Wouterlood, F.G. 2005. 3-D reconstruction of neurons from multichannel confocal laser scanning image series. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 32:2.8.1-2.2.8.16.
57. Wouters, F.S. and Bastiaens, P.I.H. 2000. Imaging protein-protein interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 7:17.1.1-17.1.15.
58. Zhang, J., Campbell, R.E., Ting, A., and Tsien, R.Y. 2002. Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:906-918