메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 65-79

Combination nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; LAMIVUDINE; NELFINAVIR; NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 83455201429     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: 17447666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.642865     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (133)
  • 1
    • 23044496716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in preventing AIDS and death: A prospective cohort study
    • Sterne JAC, Hernan MA, Ledergerber B, et al. Long-term effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in preventing AIDS and death: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2005;366:378-84
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 378-84
    • Jac, S.1    Hernan, M.A.2    Ledergerber, B.3
  • 2
    • 52749083531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the BTGWG. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy 2008
    • Gazzard BG, on behalf of the BTGWG. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy 2008. HIV Med 2008;9:563-608
    • (2008) HIV Med , vol.9 , pp. 563-608
    • Gazzard, B.G.1
  • 3
    • 48949097660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection
    • Hammer SM, Eron JJ, Reiss P, et al. Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection. JAMA 2008;300:555-70
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 555-70
    • Hammer, S.M.1    Eron, J.J.2    Reiss, P.3
  • 5
    • 4444227542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic properties of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Piliero PJ. Pharmacokinetic properties of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37(Suppl 1):S2-S12
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Piliero, P.J.1
  • 6
    • 0031929218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapeutic agents for human immunodeficiency virus infection: Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and adverse reactions
    • discussion 1
    • Beach JW. Chemotherapeutic agents for human immunodeficiency virus infection: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and adverse reactions. Clin Ther 1998;20:2-25; discussion 1
    • (1998) Clin Ther , vol.20 , pp. 2-25
    • Beach, J.W.1
  • 7
    • 38349068747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system
    • Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, et al. Validation of the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 2008;65:65-70
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 65-70
    • Letendre, S.1    Marquie-Beck, J.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 8
    • 79952020252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral therapy CNS penetration and HIV-1-associated CNS disease
    • Garvey L, Winston A, Walsh J, et al. Antiretroviral therapy CNS penetration and HIV-1-associated CNS disease. Neurology 2011;76:693-700
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 693-700
    • Garvey, L.1    Winston, A.2    Walsh, J.3
  • 9
    • 79551604850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort
    • Smurzynski M, Wu K, Letendre S, et al. Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort. AIDS 2011;25:357-65
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 357-65
    • Smurzynski, M.1    Wu, K.2    Letendre, S.3
  • 10
    • 84855347192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Princeton NJ 08543 USA: GlaxoSmithKline
    • ZERIT (package insert). Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Princeton NJ 08543 USA: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009. Available from: http://wwwomsjorg/drugs/ZERITpdf.
    • (2009)
  • 11
    • 0025766643 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose chemotherapy with central nervous system prophylaxis and zidovudine maintenance in AIDS-related lymphoma. A prospective multi-institutional trial
    • Levine AM, Wernz JC, Kaplan L, et al. Low-dose chemotherapy with central nervous system prophylaxis and zidovudine maintenance in AIDS-related lymphoma. A prospective multi-institutional trial. JAMA 1991;266:84-8
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 84-8
    • Levine, A.M.1    Wernz, J.C.2    Kaplan, L.3
  • 12
    • 0029035116 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine treatment prolongs survival and decreases virus load in the central nervous system of rhesus macaques infected perinatally with simian immunodeficiency virus
    • Rausch DM, Heyes MP, Murray EA, Eiden LE. Zidovudine treatment prolongs survival and decreases virus load in the central nervous system of rhesus macaques infected perinatally with simian immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 1995;172:59-69
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 59-69
    • Rausch, D.M.1    Heyes, M.P.2    Murray, E.A.3    Eiden, L.E.4
  • 13
    • 7244234280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal-fetal transfer and amniotic fluid accumulation of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women
    • Chappuy H, Treluyer JM, Jullien V, et al. Maternal-fetal transfer and amniotic fluid accumulation of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:4332-6
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 4332-6
    • Chappuy, H.1    Treluyer, J.M.2    Jullien, V.3
  • 15
    • 0028911385 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of nucleoside antiretroviral agents
    • Dudley MN. Clinical pharmacokinetics of nucleoside antiretroviral agents. J Infect Dis 1995;171(Suppl 2):S99-112
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Dudley, M.N.1
  • 16
    • 0025237790 scopus 로고
    • Should the dosage of zidovudine be adjusted in HIV-infected patients with impaired renal function?
    • Amantea MA. Should the dosage of zidovudine be adjusted in HIV-infected patients with impaired renal function? Am J Hosp Pharm 1990;47:618-19
    • (1990) Am J Hosp Pharm , vol.47 , pp. 618-19
    • Ma, A.1
  • 17
    • 0029587137 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in HIV-infected patients with end-stage renal disease
    • Kimmel PL, Lew SQ, Umana WO, et al. Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in HIV-infected patients with end-stage renal disease. Blood Purif 1995;13:340-6
    • (1995) Blood Purif , vol.13 , pp. 340-6
    • Kimmel, P.L.1    Lew, S.Q.2    Umana, W.O.3
  • 18
    • 84855358697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Princeton, NJ 08543 USA
    • Videx (package insert). Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Available from: http:// wwwpackageinsertsbmscom/pi/ pi-videx-ecpdf
  • 19
    • 0025763660 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of didanosine in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex
    • Knupp CA, Shyu WC, Dolin R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of didanosine in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;49:523-35
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.49 , pp. 523-35
    • Knupp, C.A.1    Shyu, W.C.2    Dolin, R.3
  • 20
    • 0032480991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the plasma pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of didanosine during once and twice daily dosing in HIV-1 infected individuals
    • Hoetelmans RM, van Heeswijk RP, Profijt M, et al. Comparison of the plasma pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of didanosine during once and twice daily dosing in HIV-1 infected individuals. AIDS 1998;12:F211-16
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12
    • Hoetelmans, R.M.1    Van Heeswijk, R.P.2    Profijt, M.3
  • 21
    • 77950279895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disposition of [1′-14C] Stavudine after oral administration to humans
    • Zhou L, Kaul S, Liu-Kreyche P, et al. Disposition of [1′-14C] Stavudine after oral administration to humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:655-66
    • (2010) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.38 , pp. 655-66
    • Zhou, L.1    Kaul, S.2    Liu-Kreyche, P.3
  • 22
    • 10744229088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of didanosine and stavudine intracellular trisphosphorylated anabolite concentrations in HIV-infected patients
    • Becher F, Landman R, Mboup S, et al. Monitoring of didanosine and stavudine intracellular trisphosphorylated anabolite concentrations in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2004;18:181-7
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 181-7
    • Becher, F.1    Landman, R.2    Mboup, S.3
  • 24
    • 42549113615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of reducing the dose of stavudine on body composition, bone density, and markers of mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-infected subjects: A randomized, controlled study
    • McComsey GA, Lo Re V III, ORiordan M, et al. Effect of reducing the dose of stavudine on body composition, bone density, and markers of mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-infected subjects: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1290-6
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1290-6
    • McComsey, G.A.1    Lo Re Iii, V.2    Oriordan, M.3
  • 25
    • 0029591139 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and absorption characteristics of lamivudine
    • Yuen GJ, Morris DM, Mydlow PK, et al. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and absorption characteristics of lamivudine. J Clin Pharmacol 1995;35:1174-80
    • (1995) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 1174-80
    • Yuen, G.J.1    Morris, D.M.2    Mydlow, P.K.3
  • 26
    • 84855348761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Traingle Park, NC:GlaxoSmithKline
    • Epivir (package insert). Research Traingle Park, NC:GlaxoSmithKline;2011. Available from: http://usgskcom/ products/assets/us-epivirpdf
    • (2011)
  • 27
    • 0031723646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral activity of lamivudine alone or when coadministered with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their offspring
    • Moodley J, Moodley D, Pillay K, et al. Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral activity of lamivudine alone or when coadministered with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their offspring. J Infect Dis 1998;178:1327-33
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1327-33
    • Moodley, J.1    Moodley, D.2    Pillay, K.3
  • 28
    • 84855358696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Traingle Park, NC:GlaxoSmithKline
    • Retrovir (package insert). Research Traingle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline;2011. Available from: http://usgskcom/products/ assets/us-retrovirpdf.
    • (2011)
  • 30
    • 0001024860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of lamivudine phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with HIV-1
    • Moore KH, Barrett JE, Shaw S, et al. The pharmacokinetics of lamivudine phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with HIV-1. AIDS 1999;13:2239-50
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 2239-50
    • Moore, K.H.1    Barrett, J.E.2    Shaw, S.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0032766290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir: Absolute bioavailability, bioequivalence of three oral formulations, and effect of food
    • Chittick GE, Gillotin C, McDowell JA, et al. Abacavir: absolute bioavailability, bioequivalence of three oral formulations, and effect of food. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:932-42
    • (1999) Pharmacotherapy , vol.19 , pp. 932-42
    • Chittick, G.E.1    Gillotin, C.2    McDowell, J.A.3
  • 33
    • 84855358694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Traingle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline
    • Ziagen (package insert). Research Traingle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009. Available from: http://usgskcom/products/ assets/us-ziagenpdf.
    • (2009)
  • 34
    • 33645391801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pregnancy on abacavir pharmacokinetics
    • Best BM, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV, et al. Impact of pregnancy on abacavir pharmacokinetics. AIDS 2006;20:553-60
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 553-60
    • Best, B.M.1    Mirochnick, M.2    Capparelli, E.V.3
  • 35
    • 65649133113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects
    • Moyle G, Boffito M, Fletcher C, et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:1532-8
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 1532-8
    • Moyle, G.1    Boffito, M.2    Fletcher, C.3
  • 36
    • 0142126681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections
    • De Clercq E. Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:569-96
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 569-96
    • De Clercq, E.1
  • 37
    • 84855341996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc
    • Viread (package insert). Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc;2010. Available from: http://wwwgileadcom/pdf/ viread-pipdf
    • (2010)
  • 38
    • 33645895267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the anti-HIV drug, tenofovir (PMPA), into the brain, CSF and choroid plexuses
    • Anthonypillai C, Gibbs J, Thomas S. The distribution of the anti-HIV drug, tenofovir (PMPA), into the brain, CSF and choroid plexuses. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2006;3:1
    • (2006) Cerebrospinal Fluid Res , vol.3 , pp. 1
    • Anthonypillai, C.1    Gibbs, J.2    Thomas, S.3
  • 39
    • 17644445089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (PMPA) for prevention of perinatal simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques
    • Van Rompay KKA, Marthas ML, Lifson JD, et al. Administration of 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine (PMPA) for prevention of perinatal simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998;14:761-73
    • (1998) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.14 , pp. 761-73
    • Van Rompay Kka1    Marthas, M.L.2    Lifson, J.D.3
  • 40
    • 22244455094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Implications for once-daily dosing
    • Back DJ, Burger DM, Flexner CW, Gerber JG. The pharmacology of antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors: implications for once-daily dosing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:S1-S23
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39
    • Back, D.J.1    Burger, D.M.2    Flexner, C.W.3    Gerber, J.G.4
  • 41
    • 84855347191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilead Sciences, Inc
    • Emtriva (package insert). Gilead Sciences, Inc;2008. Available from: http:// wwwgileadcom/pdf/emtriva-pipdf
    • (2008)
  • 42
    • 0023268502 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Fischl MA, Richman DD, Grieco MH, et al. The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1987;317:185-91
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 185-91
    • Fischl, M.A.1    Richman, D.D.2    Grieco, M.H.3
  • 43
    • 0027155374 scopus 로고
    • The same mutation that encodes low-level human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine and 2prime;,3′- dideoxycytidine confers high-level resistance to the (-) enantiomer of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine
    • Gao Q, Gu Z, Parniak MA, et al. The same mutation that encodes low-level human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to 2′,3′- dideoxyinosine and 2prime;,3′-dideoxycytidine confers high-level resistance to the (-) enantiomer of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′- thiacytidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1390-2
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 1390-2
    • Gao, Q.1    Gu, Z.2    Parniak, M.A.3
  • 44
    • 0027285372 scopus 로고
    • Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase
    • Tisdale M, Kemp SD, Parry NR, Larder BA. Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:5653-6
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 5653-6
    • Tisdale, M.1    Kemp, S.D.2    Parry, N.R.3    Larder, B.A.4
  • 45
    • 8944245852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in zidovudine-experienced patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy
    • Lamivudine European HIV Working Group
    • Staszewski S, Loveday C, Picazo JJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in zidovudine-experienced patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy. Lamivudine European HIV Working Group. JAMA 1996;276:111-17
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 111-17
    • Staszewski, S.1    Loveday, C.2    Picazo, J.J.3
  • 46
    • 0025866982 scopus 로고
    • Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and in vitro toxicity of 2′- deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (BCH-189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog
    • Soudeyns H, Yao XI, Gao Q, et al. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and in vitro toxicity of 2′- deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (BCH-189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:1386-90
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1386-90
    • Soudeyns, H.1    Yao, X.I.2    Gao, Q.3
  • 47
    • 8944225025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy
    • Lamivudine European HIV Working Group
    • Katlama C, Ingrand D, Loveday C, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy. Lamivudine European HIV Working Group. JAMA 1996;276:118-25
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 118-25
    • Katlama, C.1    Ingrand, D.2    Loveday, C.3
  • 48
    • 0034691818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virologic and CD4+ cell responses to new nucleoside regimens: Switching to stavudine or adding lamivudine after prolonged zidovudine treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • ACTG 302 Study Team. AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Katzenstein DA, Hughes M, Albrecht M, et al. Virologic and CD4+ cell responses to new nucleoside regimens: switching to stavudine or adding lamivudine after prolonged zidovudine treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. ACTG 302 Study Team. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000;16:1031-7
    • (2000) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.16 , pp. 1031-7
    • Katzenstein, D.A.1    Hughes, M.2    Albrecht, M.3
  • 49
    • 0031058463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in HIV-1 disease progression for zidovudine/lamivudine relative to control treatments: A meta-analysis of controlled trials
    • Staszewski S, Hill AM, Bartlett J, et al. Reductions in HIV-1 disease progression for zidovudine/lamivudine relative to control treatments: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. AIDS 1997;11:477-83
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 477-83
    • Staszewski, S.1    Hill, A.M.2    Bartlett, J.3
  • 50
    • 0345012053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sequential three-drug regimens as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection
    • Robbins GK, De Gruttola V, Shafer RW, et al. Comparison of sequential three-drug regimens as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2293-303
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 2293-303
    • Robbins, G.K.1    De Gruttola, V.2    Shafer, R.W.3
  • 51
    • 0033604038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy
    • Brinkman K, Smeitink JA, Romijn JA, Reiss P. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy. Lancet 1999;354:1112-15
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1112-15
    • Brinkman, K.1    Smeitink, J.A.2    Romijn, J.A.3    Reiss, P.4
  • 52
    • 33749356252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, incidence and predictors of severe anaemia with zidovudine-containing regimens in African adults with HIV infection within the DART trial
    • Ssali F, Stohr W, Munderi P, et al. Prevalence, incidence and predictors of severe anaemia with zidovudine-containing regimens in African adults with HIV infection within the DART trial. Antivir Ther 2006;11:741-9
    • (2006) Antivir Ther , vol.11 , pp. 741-9
    • Ssali, F.1    Stohr, W.2    Munderi, P.3
  • 53
    • 78049469747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of zidovudine induced anaemia in HIV infected patients in eastern India
    • Agarwal D, Chakravarty J, Chaube L, et al. High incidence of zidovudine induced anaemia in HIV infected patients in eastern India. Indian J Med Res 2010;132:386-9
    • (2010) Indian J Med Res , vol.132 , pp. 386-9
    • Agarwal, D.1    Chakravarty, J.2    Chaube, L.3
  • 54
    • 68449101741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized comparative trial of continued zidovudine/lamivudine or replacement with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in efavirenz-treated HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Fisher M, Moyle GJ, Shahmanesh M, et al. A randomized comparative trial of continued zidovudine/lamivudine or replacement with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in efavirenz-treated HIV-1-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;51:562-8
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.51 , pp. 562-8
    • Fisher, M.1    Moyle, G.J.2    Shahmanesh, M.3
  • 55
    • 54549094981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switch from zidovudine- to non-zidovudine-containing regimens is associated with modest haematological improvement and no obvious clinical benefit: A substudy of the ANRS 099 ALIZE trial
    • Lafaurie M, Collin F, Bentata M, et al. Switch from zidovudine- to non-zidovudine-containing regimens is associated with modest haematological improvement and no obvious clinical benefit: a substudy of the ANRS 099 ALIZE trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62:1122-9
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 1122-9
    • Lafaurie, M.1    Collin, F.2    Bentata, M.3
  • 56
    • 66549115865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switch from a ZDV/3TC-based regimen to a completely once daily (QD) regimen of emtricitabine/tenofovir DF fixed dose combination plus a third QD agent (SONETT)
    • Arasteh K, Weitner L, Fenske S, et al. Switch from a ZDV/3TC-based regimen to a completely once daily (QD) regimen of emtricitabine/tenofovir DF fixed dose combination plus a third QD agent (SONETT). Eur J Med Res 2009;14:195-9
    • (2009) Eur J Med Res , vol.14 , pp. 195-9
    • Arasteh, K.1    Weitner, L.2    Fenske, S.3
  • 57
    • 57049172088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an optimized dose for coformulation of zidovudine with drugs that select for the K65R mutation using a population pharmacokinetic and enzyme kinetic simulation model
    • Hurwitz SJ, Asif G, Kivel NM, Schinazi RF. Development of an optimized dose for coformulation of zidovudine with drugs that select for the K65R mutation using a population pharmacokinetic and enzyme kinetic simulation model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:4241-50
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 4241-50
    • Hurwitz, S.J.1    Asif, G.2    Kivel, N.M.3    Schinazi, R.F.4
  • 60
    • 3042848853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: A 3-year randomized trial
    • Gallant JE, Staszewski S, Pozniak AL, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial. JAMA 2004;292:191-201
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 191-201
    • Gallant, J.E.1    Staszewski, S.2    Pozniak, A.L.3
  • 61
    • 30944468562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir DF. Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz vs. Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz for HIV
    • Gallant JE, DeJesus E, Arribas JR, et al. Tenofovir DF. Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz vs. Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz for HIV. N Engl J Med 2006;354:251-60
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 251-60
    • Gallant, J.E.1    Dejesus, E.2    Arribas, J.R.3
  • 62
    • 49649112490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily atazanavir/ ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study
    • Molina J-M, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. Lancet 2008;372:646-55
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 646-55
    • Molina, J.-M.1    Andrade-Villanueva, J.2    Echevarria, J.3
  • 63
    • 64249163753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gemini: A noninferiority study of Saquinavir/Ritonavir versus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults
    • Walmsley S, Avihingsanon A, Slim J, et al. Gemini: a noninferiority study of Saquinavir/Ritonavir versus Lopinavir/ Ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;50:367-74
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.50 , pp. 367-74
    • Walmsley, S.1    Avihingsanon, A.2    Slim, J.3
  • 64
    • 33845354174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz versus fixed-dose zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients: Virologic, immunologic, and morphologic changes - A 96-week analysis
    • Pozniak AL, Gallant JE, DeJesus E, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz versus fixed-dose zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients: virologic, immunologic, and morphologic changes-a 96-week analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;43:535-40
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.43 , pp. 535-40
    • Pozniak, A.L.1    Gallant, J.E.2    Dejesus, E.3
  • 65
    • 39049101609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz compared with zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in treatment-naive patients: 144-week analysis
    • Arribas JR, Pozniak AL, Gallant JE, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz compared with zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in treatment-naive patients: 144-week analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;47:74-8
    • (2008) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.47 , pp. 74-8
    • Arribas, J.R.1    Pozniak, A.L.2    Gallant, J.E.3
  • 66
    • 68949131185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the K65R resistance reverse transcriptase mutation in different HIV-1 subtypes in Israel
    • Turner D, Shahar E, Katchman E, et al. Prevalence of the K65R resistance reverse transcriptase mutation in different HIV-1 subtypes in Israel. J Med Virol 2009;81:1509-12
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 1509-12
    • Turner, D.1    Shahar, E.2    Katchman, E.3
  • 67
    • 70349656911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria
    • Hawkins CA, Chaplin B, Idoko J, et al. Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;52:228-34
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.52 , pp. 228-34
    • Hawkins, C.A.1    Chaplin, B.2    Idoko, J.3
  • 68
    • 0037076711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir DF in antiretroviral-experienced patients: Results from a 48-week, randomized, double-blind study
    • Schooley RT, Ruane P, Myers RA, et al. Tenofovir DF in antiretroviral-experienced patients: results from a 48-week, randomized, double-blind study. AIDS 2002;16:1257-63
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1257-63
    • Schooley, R.T.1    Ruane, P.2    Myers, R.A.3
  • 69
    • 1642453729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in nucleoside-resistant HIV-1 infection: A randomized trial
    • Squires K, Pozniak AL, Pierone G Jr, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in nucleoside-resistant HIV-1 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:313-20
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 313-20
    • Squires, K.1    Pozniak, A.L.2    Pierone Jr., G.3
  • 70
    • 15044341385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir once or twice daily combined with once-daily lamivudine and efavirenz for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: Results of the Ziagen Once Daily in Antiretroviral Combination Study
    • Moyle GJ, DeJesus E, Cahn P, et al. Abacavir once or twice daily combined with once-daily lamivudine and efavirenz for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the Ziagen Once Daily in Antiretroviral Combination Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;38:417-25
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.38 , pp. 417-25
    • Moyle, G.J.1    Dejesus, E.2    Cahn, P.3
  • 71
    • 73349134686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir-Lamivudine versus Tenofovir-Emtricitabine for Initial HIV-1 Therapy
    • Sax PE, Tierney C, Collier AC, et al. Abacavir-Lamivudine versus Tenofovir-Emtricitabine for Initial HIV-1 Therapy. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2230-40
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 2230-40
    • Sax, P.E.1    Tierney, C.2    Collier, A.C.3
  • 72
    • 68649086238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-matched, multicenter trial of abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/ emtricitabine with lopinavir/ritonavir for initial HIV treatment
    • Smith KY, Patel P, Fine D, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-matched, multicenter trial of abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/ emtricitabine with lopinavir/ritonavir for initial HIV treatment. AIDS 2009;23:1547-56
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1547-56
    • Smith, K.Y.1    Patel, P.2    Fine, D.3
  • 73
    • 10044236429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal dysfunction with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens is not observed more frequently: A cohort and case-control study
    • Jones R, Stebbing J, Nelson M, et al. Renal dysfunction with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens is not observed more frequently: a cohort and case-control study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37:1489-95
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , pp. 1489-95
    • Jones, R.1    Stebbing, J.2    Nelson, M.3
  • 74
    • 33745924378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-1 treatment-experienced patients with adverse events related to prior NRTI use: Data from a prospective, observational, multicenter study
    • Moreno S, Domingo P, Palacios R, et al. Renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-1 treatment-experienced patients with adverse events related to prior NRTI use: data from a prospective, observational, multicenter study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;42:385-7
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.42 , pp. 385-7
    • Moreno, S.1    Domingo, P.2    Palacios, R.3
  • 75
    • 74049090916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of tenofovir on renal function in HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients
    • Horberg M, Tang B, Towner W, et al. Impact of tenofovir on renal function in HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;53:62-9
    • (2010) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.53 , pp. 62-9
    • Horberg, M.1    Tang, B.2    Towner, W.3
  • 76
    • 83455264215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal Impairment in Patients Receiving a TDF-based cART Regimen: Impact of TDF Concentration?
    • Boston
    • Poizot-Martin I, Solas C, Allemand J, et al. Renal Impairment in Patients Receiving a TDF-based cART Regimen: Impact of TDF Concentration? CROI; Boston: 2010
    • (2010) CROI
    • Poizot-Martin, I.1    Solas, C.2    Allemand, J.3
  • 77
    • 77950925935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment in kidney tubular function in patients receiving tenofovir is associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations
    • Rodriguez-Novoa S, Labarga P, DAvolio A, et al. Impairment in kidney tubular function in patients receiving tenofovir is associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. AIDS 2010;24:1064-6
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1064-6
    • Rodriguez-Novoa, S.1    Labarga, P.2    Davolio, A.3
  • 79
    • 77957847133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of changes in bone density and turnover with abacavir-lamivudine versus tenofovir-emtricitabine in HIV-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study
    • Stellbrink HJ, Orkin C, Arribas JR, et al. Comparison of changes in bone density and turnover with abacavir-lamivudine versus tenofovir-emtricitabine in HIV-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:963-72
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 963-72
    • Stellbrink, H.J.1    Orkin, C.2    Arribas, J.R.3
  • 80
    • 77949874814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir treatment of primary osteoblasts alters gene expression profiles: Implications for bone mineral density loss
    • Grigsby IF, Pham L, Mansky LM, et al. Tenofovir treatment of primary osteoblasts alters gene expression profiles: implications for bone mineral density loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;394:48-53
    • (2010) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.394 , pp. 48-53
    • Grigsby, I.F.1    Pham, L.2    Mansky, L.M.3
  • 81
    • 79957494036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density and fractures in antiretroviral-naive persons randomized to receive abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine along with efavirenz or atazanavir-ritonavir: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5224s, a Substudy of ACTG A5202
    • McComsey GA, Kitch D, Daar ES, et al. Bone mineral density and fractures in antiretroviral-naive persons randomized to receive abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine along with efavirenz or atazanavir-ritonavir: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5224s, a Substudy of ACTG A5202. J Infect Dis 2011;203:1791-801
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 1791-801
    • McComsey, G.A.1    Kitch, D.2    Daar, E.S.3
  • 82
    • 34547229756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz through 6 years in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients
    • Cassetti I, Madruga JV, Suleiman JM, et al. The safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz through 6 years in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials 2007;8:164-72
    • (2007) HIV Clin Trials , vol.8 , pp. 164-72
    • Cassetti, I.1    Madruga, J.V.2    Suleiman, J.M.3
  • 83
    • 83455264212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporotic fracture risk associated with cumulative exposure to tenofovir and other antiretroviral agents [MOAB0101]
    • Rome
    • Bedimo R, Zhang S, Drechsler H, et al. Osteoporotic fracture risk associated with cumulative exposure to tenofovir and other antiretroviral agents [MOAB0101]. In: 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention; Rome; 2011
    • (2011) 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis Treatment and Prevention
    • Bedimo, R.1    Zhang, S.2    Drechsler, H.3
  • 84
    • 63149165917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir/3TC vs. tenofovir/ FTC: Interim results from ACTG 5202
    • Albrecht H. Abacavir/3TC vs. tenofovir/ FTC: interim results from ACTG 5202. AIDS Clin Care 2008;20:28
    • (2008) AIDS Clin Care , vol.20 , pp. 28
    • Albrecht, H.1
  • 86
    • 79959810675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-B*5701 genetic screening prior to abacavir prescription in Georgia
    • Dvali N, Chkhartishvili N, Sharvadze L, et al. HLA-B*5701 genetic screening prior to abacavir prescription in Georgia. Georgian Med News 2010;16-20
    • (2010) Georgian Med News , pp. 16-20
    • Dvali, N.1    Chkhartishvili, N.2    Sharvadze, L.3
  • 87
    • 0037006623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir
    • Mallal S, Nolan D, Witt C, et al. Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir. Lancet 2002;359:727-32
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 727-32
    • Mallal, S.1    Nolan, D.2    Witt, C.3
  • 88
    • 12844254320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated clinical risk factor analysis of suspected hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir
    • Cutrell AG, Hernandez JE, Fleming JW, et al. Updated clinical risk factor analysis of suspected hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:2171-2
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 2171-2
    • Cutrell, A.G.1    Hernandez, J.E.2    Fleming, J.W.3
  • 89
    • 75749085418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective epidemiological study of the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 in HIV-1-infected UK subjects
    • on behalf of the UKEPIt
    • Orkin C, Sadiq ST, Rice L, Jackson F; on behalf of the UKEPIt. Prospective epidemiological study of the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 in HIV-1-infected UK subjects. HIV Med 2010;11:187-92
    • (2010) HIV Med , vol.11 , pp. 187-92
    • Orkin, C.1    Sadiq, S.T.2    Rice, L.3    Jackson, F.4
  • 90
    • 42649130015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: A multi-cohort collaboration
    • Sabin CA, Worm SW, Weber R, et al. Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration. Lancet 2008;371:1417-26
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 1417-26
    • Sabin, C.A.1    Worm, S.W.2    Weber, R.3
  • 91
    • 42549131481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferior clinical outcome of the CD4+ cell count-guided antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in the SMART study: Role of CD4+ Cell counts and HIV RNA levels during follow-up
    • Lundgren JD, Babiker A, El-Sadr W, et al. Inferior clinical outcome of the CD4+ cell count-guided antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in the SMART study: role of CD4+ Cell counts and HIV RNA levels during follow-up. J Infect Dis 2008;197:1145-55
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 1145-55
    • Lundgren, J.D.1    Babiker, A.2    El-Sadr, W.3
  • 92
    • 67649110188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of specific NRTI and PI exposure on the risk of myocardial infarction: A Case-Control Study Nested within FHDH ANRS CO4
    • Montreal Canada
    • Lang S, Mary-Krause M, Cotte L, et al. Impact of specific NRTI and PI exposure on the risk of myocardial infarction: a Case-Control Study Nested within FHDH ANRS CO4. CROI; Montreal, Canada: 2009
    • (2009) CROI
    • Lang, S.1    Mary-Krause, M.2    Cotte, L.3
  • 93
    • 67651167085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of myocardial infarction and abacavir therapy: No increased risk across 52 GlaxoSmithKline-sponsored clinical trials in adult subjects
    • Brothers CH, Hernandez JE, Cutrell AG, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and abacavir therapy: no increased risk across 52 GlaxoSmithKline-sponsored clinical trials in adult subjects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;51:20-8
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.51 , pp. 20-8
    • Ch, B.1    Hernandez, J.E.2    Cutrell, A.G.3
  • 94
    • 79953731529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No risk of myocardial infarction associated with initial antiretroviral treatment containing abacavir: Short and long-term results from ACTG A5001/ALLRT
    • Ribaudo HJ, Benson CA, Zheng Y, et al. No risk of myocardial infarction associated with initial antiretroviral treatment containing abacavir: short and long-term results from ACTG A5001/ ALLRT. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:929-40
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 929-40
    • Ribaudo, H.J.1    Benson, C.A.2    Zheng, Y.3
  • 95
    • 11144357656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: A randomised open-label trial, the 2NN Study
    • Van Leth F, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K, et al. Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomised open-label trial, the 2NN Study. Lancet 2004;363:1253-63
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1253-63
    • Van Leth, F.1    Phanuphak, P.2    Ruxrungtham, K.3
  • 96
    • 77955950938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stavudine or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naive individuals
    • CD008651
    • Spaulding A, Rutherford GW, Siegfried N. Stavudine or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naive individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;CD008651
    • (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Spaulding, A.1    Rutherford, G.W.2    Siegfried, N.3
  • 97
    • 79953180935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms with stavudine triphosphate intracellular levels and lipodystrophy
    • Domingo P, Cabeza MC, Pruvost A, et al. Association of thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms with stavudine triphosphate intracellular levels and lipodystrophy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:1428-35
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 1428-35
    • Domingo, P.1    Cabeza, M.C.2    Pruvost, A.3
  • 98
    • 44949106506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of stavudine in the treatment of HIV infection with a special focus on resource-limited settings
    • Makinson A, Moing VL, Kouanfack C, et al. Safety of stavudine in the treatment of HIV infection with a special focus on resource-limited settings. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008;7:283-93
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.7 , pp. 283-93
    • Makinson, A.1    Moing, V.L.2    Kouanfack, C.3
  • 99
    • 65749093276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial function, morphology and metabolic parameters improve after switching from stavudine to a tenofovir-containing regimen
    • Gerschenson M, Kim C, Berzins B, et al. Mitochondrial function, morphology and metabolic parameters improve after switching from stavudine to a tenofovir-containing regimen. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63:1244-50
    • (2009) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.63 , pp. 1244-50
    • Gerschenson, M.1    Kim, C.2    Berzins, B.3
  • 100
    • 78650472932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV treatment guidelines in resource-limited settings: A model-based analysis
    • Scaling up the 2010. World Health Organization
    • Walensky RP, Wood R, Ciaranello AL, et al. Scaling up the 2010 World Health Organization HIV treatment guidelines in resource-limited settings: a model-based analysis. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000382
    • (2010) PLoS Med , vol.7
    • Walensky, R.P.1    Wood, R.2    Ciaranello, A.L.3
  • 101
    • 53349171966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Didanosine, lamivudine, and efavirenz versus zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz for the initial treatment of HIV type 1 infection: Final analysis (48 weeks) of a prospective, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial, GESIDA 3903
    • Berenguer J, Gonzalez J, Ribera E, et al. Didanosine, lamivudine, and efavirenz versus zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz for the initial treatment of HIV type 1 infection: final analysis (48 weeks) of a prospective, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial, GESIDA 3903. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1083-92
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1083-92
    • Berenguer, J.1    Gonzalez, J.2    Ribera, E.3
  • 102
    • 3142697068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of emtricitabine vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: A randomized trial
    • Saag MS, Cahn P, Raffi F, et al. Efficacy and safety of emtricitabine vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a randomized trial. JAMA 2004;292:180-9
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 180-9
    • Saag, M.S.1    Cahn, P.2    Raffi, F.3
  • 103
    • 77949434293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEARLS (ACTG A5175): A multinational study of didanosine-EC emtricitabine and atazanavir vs. co-formulated zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection
    • Mexico City Mexico
    • Campbell T, Smeaton L, Grutolla VD, et al. PEARLS (ACTG A5175): a multinational study of didanosine-EC, emtricitabine and atazanavir vs. co-formulated zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. In: 17th International AIDS Conference; Mexico City, Mexico; 2008
    • (2008) 17th International AIDS Conference
    • Campbell, T.1    Smeaton, L.2    Grutolla, V.D.3
  • 104
    • 77953586742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid improvement in fasting lipids and hepatic toxicity after switching from didanosine/lamivudine to tenofovir/ emtricitabine in patients with toxicity attributable to didanosine
    • Palacios R, Rivero A, Santos I, et al. Rapid improvement in fasting lipids and hepatic toxicity after switching from didanosine/lamivudine to tenofovir/ emtricitabine in patients with toxicity attributable to didanosine. HIV Clin Trials 2010;11:118-20
    • (2010) HIV Clin Trials , vol.11 , pp. 118-20
    • Palacios, R.1    Rivero, A.2    Santos, I.3
  • 106
    • 67651086987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV-infected persons and antiretroviral therapy with didanosine: A nested case-control study
    • Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Peter U, et al. Association of noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV-infected persons and antiretroviral therapy with didanosine: a nested case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:626-35
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 626-35
    • Kovari, H.1    Ledergerber, B.2    Peter, U.3
  • 107
    • 22844433862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues in primary human lymphocytes
    • Setzer B, Schlesier M, Thomas AK, Walker UA. Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues in primary human lymphocytes. Antivir Ther 2005;10:327-34
    • (2005) Antivir Ther , vol.10 , pp. 327-34
    • Setzer, B.1    Schlesier, M.2    Thomas, A.K.3    Walker, U.A.4
  • 108
    • 23044486337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early virologic failure in HIV-1 infected subjects on didanosine/tenofovir/efavirenz: 12-week results from a randomized trial
    • Maitland D, Moyle G, Hand J, et al. Early virologic failure in HIV-1 infected subjects on didanosine/ tenofovir/efavirenz: 12-week results from a randomized trial. AIDS 2005;19:1183-8
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 1183-8
    • Maitland, D.1    Moyle, G.2    Hand, J.3
  • 109
    • 15744384550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early virological failure in treatment-naive HIV-infected adults receiving didanosine and tenofovir plus efavirenz or nevirapine
    • Leon A, Martinez E, Mallolas J, et al. Early virological failure in treatment-naive HIV-infected adults receiving didanosine and tenofovir plus efavirenz or nevirapine. AIDS 2005;19:213-15
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 213-15
    • Leon, A.1    Martinez, E.2    Mallolas, J.3
  • 110
    • 3042702514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic toxic effects associated with co-administration of didanosine and tenofovir in HIV-infected adults
    • Martinez E, Milinkovic A, de Lazzari E, et al. Pancreatic toxic effects associated with co-administration of didanosine and tenofovir in HIV-infected adults. Lancet 2004;364:65-7
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 65-7
    • Martinez, E.1    Milinkovic, A.2    De Lazzari, E.3
  • 111
    • 0346720608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTG 5095: A comparative study of 3 protease inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV infection
    • abstract 41
    • Gulick R, Ribaudo H, Shikuma C, et al. ACTG 5095: a comparative study OF 3 protease inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV infection. Antivir Ther 2003;8(Suppl 1):abstract 41
    • (2003) Antivir Ther , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Gulick, R.1    Ribaudo, H.2    Shikuma, C.3
  • 112
    • 77953160346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine has superior immunological and virological responses not reflected in clinical outcomes in a 48-week randomized comparison with abacavir/zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults with low CD4 cell counts
    • Munderi P, Walker AS, Kityo C, et al. Nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine has superior immunological and virological responses not reflected in clinical outcomes in a 48-week randomized comparison with abacavir/zidovudine/ lamivudine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults with low CD4 cell counts. HIV Med 2010;11:334-44
    • (2010) HIV Med , vol.11 , pp. 334-44
    • Munderi, P.1    Walker, A.S.2    Kityo, C.3
  • 113
    • 27944472569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early virologic nonresponse to tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive subjects
    • Gallant JE, Rodriguez AE, Weinberg WG, et al. Early virologic nonresponse to tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive subjects. J Infect Dis 2005;192:1921-30
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 1921-30
    • Gallant, J.E.1    Rodriguez, A.E.2    Weinberg, W.G.3
  • 114
    • 33644766239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early virologic failure and rescue therapy of tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: TONUS study
    • Landman R, Descamps D, Peytavin G, et al. Early virologic failure and rescue therapy of tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: TONUS study. HIV Clin Trials 2005;6:291-301
    • (2005) HIV Clin Trials , vol.6 , pp. 291-301
    • Landman, R.1    Descamps, D.2    Peytavin, G.3
  • 115
    • 48749124843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Abacavir plus tenofovir in HIV-infected naive patients: A 96-week prospective One-Arm Pilot Study
    • Ferrer E, Gatell JM, Sanchez P, et al. Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Abacavir plus tenofovir in HIV-infected naive patients: a 96-week prospective One-Arm Pilot Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008;24:931-4
    • (2008) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.24 , pp. 931-4
    • Ferrer, E.1    Gatell, J.M.2    Sanchez, P.3
  • 116
    • 85056043870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of Abacavir/Lamivudine/Zidovudine plus tenofovir in HBV/HIV-1 coinfected adults: 48-week Data
    • Rodriguez AE, Dejesus E, Williams V, et al. Efficacy and safety of Abacavir/Lamivudine/Zidovudine plus tenofovir in HBV/HIV-1 coinfected adults: 48-week Data. Open AIDS J 2010;4:167-70
    • (2010) Open AIDS J , vol.4 , pp. 167-70
    • Rodriguez, A.E.1    Dejesus, E.2    Williams, V.3
  • 117
    • 77957842048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir or zidovudine and abacavir in antiretroviral treatment-naive, HIV-infected subjects: Week 48 data from the Altair study
    • Puls RL, Srasuebkul P, Petoumenos K, et al. Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir or zidovudine and abacavir in antiretroviral treatment-naive, HIV-infected subjects: week 48 data from the Altair study. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:855-64
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 855-64
    • Puls, R.L.1    Srasuebkul, P.2    Petoumenos, K.3
  • 118
    • 79953799570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 drug-resistance patterns among patients on failing treatment in a large number of European countries
    • van de Vijver DA, Wensing AM, Asjo B, et al. HIV-1 drug-resistance patterns among patients on failing treatment in a large number of European countries. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2010;19:3-9
    • (2010) Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat , vol.19 , pp. 3-9
    • Van De Vijver, D.A.1    Wensing, A.M.2    Asjo, B.3
  • 119
    • 79953733544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 infection
    • Campbell-Yesufu OT, Gandhi RT. Update on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:780-7
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 780-7
    • Campbell-Yesufu, O.T.1    Gandhi, R.T.2
  • 120
    • 70349091852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 2
    • Ntemgwa ML, Toni TdA, Brenner BG, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:3611-19
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 3611-19
    • Ntemgwa, M.L.1    Tda, T.2    Brenner, B.G.3
  • 121
    • 42049104340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors
    • Desbois D, Roquebert B, Peytavin G, et al. In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1545-8
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 1545-8
    • Desbois, D.1    Roquebert, B.2    Peytavin, G.3
  • 122
    • 78650219266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First real success for anti-HIV gel: A new start for HIV microbicides?
    • Arien KK, Vanham G. First real success for anti-HIV gel: a new start for HIV microbicides? Future Microbiol 2010;5:1621-3
    • (2010) Future Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 1621-3
    • Arien, K.K.1    Vanham, G.2
  • 123
    • 77955930318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women
    • Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science 2010;329:1168-74
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 1168-74
    • Abdool Karim, Q.1    Abdool Karim, S.S.2    Frohlich, J.A.3
  • 124
    • 78650549662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men
    • Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2587-99
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 2587-99
    • Grant, R.M.1    Lama, J.R.2    Anderson, P.L.3
  • 125
    • 81855182397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among heterosexual African men and women: The Partners PrEP Study [MOAX0106]
    • Rome Italy
    • Baeten J, Celum C. Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among heterosexual African men and women: the Partners PrEP Study [MOAX0106]. In: 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention; Rome, Italy; 2011
    • (2011) 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis Treatment and Prevention
    • Baeten, J.1    Celum, C.2
  • 126
    • 43549094732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class-Sparing Regimens for Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
    • Riddler SA, Haubrich R, DiRienzo AG, et al. Class-Sparing Regimens for Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2095-106
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2095-106
    • Riddler, S.A.1    Haubrich, R.2    Dirienzo, A.G.3
  • 127
    • 79952668356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir/ritonavir combined with raltegravir demonstrated similar antiviral efficacy and safety as lopinavir/ritonavir combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in treatment-naive HIV-1 infected subjects [MOAB0101]
    • Vienna Austria
    • Reynes J, Lawal A, Pulido A, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir combined with raltegravir demonstrated similar antiviral efficacy and safety as lopinavir/ritonavir combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in treatment-naive HIV-1 infected subjects [MOAB0101]. In: XVIII International AIDS Conference; Vienna, Austria; 2010
    • (2010) XVIII International AIDS Conference
    • Reynes, J.1    Lawal, A.2    Pulido, A.3
  • 128
    • 80055028058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a nucleoside-sparing regimen of darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients (ACTG A5262)
    • Taiwo B, Zheng L, Gallien S, et al. Efficacy of a nucleoside-sparing regimen of darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients (ACTG A5262). AIDS 2011;25:2113-22
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 2113-22
    • Taiwo, B.1    Zheng, L.2    Gallien, S.3
  • 129
    • 74249086332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MONET trial: Darunavir/ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml
    • Arribas JR, Horban A, Gerstoft J, et al. The MONET trial: darunavir/ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml. AIDS 2010;24:223-30
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 223-30
    • Arribas, J.R.1    Horban, A.2    Gerstoft, J.3
  • 130
    • 77957230936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir maintenance monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: A randomized open-label, noninferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136
    • Katlama C, Valantin MA, Algarte-Genin M, et al. Efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir maintenance monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: a randomized open-label, noninferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136. AIDS 2010;24:2365-74
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 2365-74
    • Katlama, C.1    Valantin, M.A.2    Algarte-Genin, M.3
  • 131
    • 83455264209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GS-7340 Demonstrates greater declines in HIV-1 RNA than tenofovir disoproxilfumarate during 14 days of monotherapyin HIV-1 infected subjects
    • Boston
    • Markowitz M, Zolopa A, Ruane P, et al. GS-7340 Demonstrates greater declines in HIV-1 RNA than tenofovir disoproxilfumarate during 14 days of monotherapyin HIV-1 infected subjects. In: 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011); Boston; 2011
    • (2011) 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011)
    • Markowitz, M.1    Zolopa, A.2    Ruane, P.3
  • 132
    • 77950255107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance profile of the new nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor apricitabine
    • Cahn P, Wainberg MA. Resistance profile of the new nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor apricitabine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:213-17
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 213-17
    • Cahn, P.1    Wainberg, M.A.2
  • 133
    • 77950666839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activity and tolerability of amdoxovir with zidovudine in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Murphy RL, Kivel NM, Zala C, et al. Antiviral activity and tolerability of amdoxovir with zidovudine in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in HIV-1-infected individuals. Antivir Ther 2010;15:185-92
    • (2010) Antivir Ther , vol.15 , pp. 185-92
    • Murphy, R.L.1    Kivel, N.M.2    Zala, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.