메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 283-293

Safety of stavudine in the treatment of HIV infection with a special focus on resource-limited settings

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; D4T; HIV; Resource limited settings; Safety; Stavudine; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ABACAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; DIDANOSINE; DIDANOSINE PLUS HYDROXYCARBAMIDE PLUS STAVUDINE; DIDANOSINE PLUS STAVUDINE; EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; GENERIC DRUG; INDINAVIR; INDINAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE PLUS STAVUDINE; INDINAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; ISONIAZID; LAMIVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS TENOFOVIR; LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PYRIDOXINE; RITONAVIR; RITONAVIR PLUS STAVUDINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINCA ALKALOID; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 44949106506     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.7.3.283     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 2642709177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Out-patient Study Investigators
    • Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Out-patient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853-60
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 853-860
    • Palella Jr, F.J.1    Delaney, K.M.2    Moorman, A.C.3
  • 2
    • 0032738117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the ALBI trial: A randomized comparison of stavudine/didanosine, zidovudine/lamivudine and alternating treatment in antiretroviral-naive patients
    • Molina JM, Cheuc G, Ferchal F, et al. Results of the ALBI trial: a randomized comparison of stavudine/didanosine, zidovudine/lamivudine and alternating treatment in antiretroviral-naive patients. Antivir Ther 1999;4(Suppl 3):71-4
    • (1999) Antivir Ther , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 71-74
    • Molina, J.M.1    Cheuc, G.2    Ferchal, F.3
  • 3
    • 11144357656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: A randomized open-label trial, the 2NN Study
    • van Leth F, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K, et al. Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomized open-label trial, the 2NN Study. Lancet 2004;363:1253-63
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1253-1263
    • van Leth, F.1    Phanuphak, P.2    Ruxrungtham, K.3
  • 4
    • 3042848853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: A 3-year randomized trial
    • Gallant JE, Staszewski S, Pozniak AL, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial. JAMA 2004;292:191-201
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 191-201
    • Gallant, J.E.1    Staszewski, S.2    Pozniak, A.L.3
  • 5
    • 0037182766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection
    • Walmsley S, Bernstein B, King M, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2002;346:2039-46
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 2039-2046
    • Walmsley, S.1    Bernstein, B.2    King, M.3
  • 6
    • 0038369913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial to study first-line combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor in HIV-1-infected patients
    • van Leeuwen R, Katlama C, Murphy RL, et al. A randomized trial to study first-line combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 2003;17:987-99
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 987-999
    • van Leeuwen, R.1    Katlama, C.2    Murphy, R.L.3
  • 7
    • 1642465026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging, randomized, clinical trial of atazanavir with lamivudine and stavudine in antiretroviral-naive subjects: 48-week results
    • Murphy RL, Sanne I, Calm P, et al. Dose-ranging, randomized, clinical trial of atazanavir with lamivudine and stavudine in antiretroviral-naive subjects: 48-week results. AIDS 2003;17:2603-14
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 2603-2614
    • Murphy, R.L.1    Sanne, I.2    Calm, P.3
  • 8
    • 19944431796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral-naive patients randomized to didanosine and stavudine vs abacavir and lamivudine
    • Shlay JC, Visnegarwala F, Bartsch G, et al. Body composition and metabolic changes in antiretroviral-naive patients randomized to didanosine and stavudine vs abacavir and lamivudine. J Acquir Immune Delfic Syndr 2005;38:147-55
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Delfic Syndr , vol.38 , pp. 147-155
    • Shlay, J.C.1    Visnegarwala, F.2    Bartsch, G.3
  • 9
    • 33847126560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less lipoatrophy and better lipid profile with abacavir as compared to stavudine: 96-week results of a randomized study
    • Podzamczer D, Ferrer E, Sanchez P, et al. Less lipoatrophy and better lipid profile with abacavir as compared to stavudine: 96-week results of a randomized study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;44:139-47
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 139-147
    • Podzamczer, D.1    Ferrer, E.2    Sanchez, P.3
  • 10
    • 33750999624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy (2006)
    • Gazzard B, Bernard AJ, Boffito M, et al. British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy (2006). HIV Med 2006;7:487-503
    • (2006) HIV Med , vol.7 , pp. 487-503
    • Gazzard, B.1    Bernard, A.J.2    Boffito, M.3
  • 11
    • 77953398762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents, Available from:, Last accessed 11 January 2008
    • Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents. United States Departement of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2007. Available from: www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/ AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf [Last accessed 11 January 2008]
    • (2007) United States Departement of Health and Human Services
  • 12
    • 24144487126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of HIV-1 infection with a combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine: A preliminary report on the Nigerian antiretroviral program
    • Idigbe EO, Adewole TA, Eisen G, et al. Management of HIV-1 infection with a combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine: a preliminary report on the Nigerian antiretroviral program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40:65-9
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.40 , pp. 65-69
    • Idigbe, E.O.1    Adewole, T.A.2    Eisen, G.3
  • 13
    • 28944445883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for modification of generic highly active antiretroviral therapeutic regimens among patients in southern India
    • Kumarasamy N, Vallabhaneni S, Cecelia AJ, et al. Reasons for modification of generic highly active antiretroviral therapeutic regimens among patients in southern India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41:53-8
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.41 , pp. 53-58
    • Kumarasamy, N.1    Vallabhaneni, S.2    Cecelia, A.J.3
  • 14
    • 27444443663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1C-infected adults in a public sector treatment programme in Botswana
    • Wester CW, Kim S, Bussmann H, et al. Initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1C-infected adults in a public sector treatment programme in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40:336-43
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.40 , pp. 336-343
    • Wester, C.W.1    Kim, S.2    Bussmann, H.3
  • 15
    • 33846270355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with the use of a first-line regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine in patients in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database
    • Zhou J, Paton NI, Ditangco R, et al. Experience with the use of a first-line regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine in patients in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. HIV Med 2007;8:8-16
    • (2007) HIV Med , vol.8 , pp. 8-16
    • Zhou, J.1    Paton, N.I.2    Ditangco, R.3
  • 16
    • 10644291830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of generic fixed-dose combinations of highly active antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV infection in India
    • Pujari SN, Patel AK, Naik E, et al. Effectiveness of generic fixed-dose combinations of highly active antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV infection in India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37:1566-9
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , pp. 1566-1569
    • Pujari, S.N.1    Patel, A.K.2    Naik, E.3
  • 17
    • 3042698158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and safety of a generic fixed-dose combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine in HIV-1-infected adults in Cameroon: Open-label multi-centre trial
    • Laurent C, Kouanfack C, Koulla-Shiro S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of a generic fixed-dose combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine in HIV-1-infected adults in Cameroon: open-label multi-centre trial. Lancet 2004;364:29-34
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 29-34
    • Laurent, C.1    Kouanfack, C.2    Koulla-Shiro, S.3
  • 18
    • 44949089220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents in resource-limited settings: towards universal access. Recommandations for a public health approach. 2006 revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2006. Available from: www.who.int/hiv/pub/ guidelines/artadultguidelines.pdf [Last accessed 11 January 2008]
    • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents in resource-limited settings: towards universal access. Recommandations for a public health approach. 2006 revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2006. Available from: www.who.int/hiv/pub/ guidelines/artadultguidelines.pdf [Last accessed 11 January 2008]
  • 19
    • 44949110775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoatrophy (LA) lipohypertrophy (LH) are independently associated with depression and health-related quality of life (HRQOL); lipoatrophy is associated with adherence [abstract P-20]
    • Crane H, Grunfeld C, Harrington R, Kitahata M. Lipoatrophy (LA) lipohypertrophy (LH) are independently associated with depression and health-related quality of life (HRQOL); lipoatrophy is associated with adherence [abstract P-20]. Antivir Ther 2007;12(Suppl 2):L32
    • (2007) Antivir Ther , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Crane, H.1    Grunfeld, C.2    Harrington, R.3    Kitahata, M.4
  • 20
    • 0035966048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of different resistance mechanisms toward nucleoside inhibitors is explained by the properties of the wild type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
    • Isel C, Ehresmann C, Walter P, et al. The emergence of different resistance mechanisms toward nucleoside inhibitors is explained by the properties of the wild type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Biol Chem 2001;276:48725-32
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 48725-48732
    • Isel, C.1    Ehresmann, C.2    Walter, P.3
  • 21
    • 4444227542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic properties of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Piliero PJ. Pharmacokinetic properties of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37(Suppl 1):S2-12
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Piliero, P.J.1
  • 22
    • 0033914469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo antagonism with zidovudine plus stavudine combination therapy
    • Havlir DV, Tierney C, Friedland GH, et al. In vivo antagonism with zidovudine plus stavudine combination therapy. J Infect Dis 2000;182:321-5
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.182 , pp. 321-325
    • Havlir, D.V.1    Tierney, C.2    Friedland, G.H.3
  • 23
    • 33845489453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic comparison of generic and trade formulations of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in HIV-infected Malawian adults
    • Hosseinipour MC, Corbett AH, Kanyama C, et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of generic and trade formulations of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in HIV-infected Malawian adults. AIDS 2007;21:59-64
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 59-64
    • Hosseinipour, M.C.1    Corbett, A.H.2    Kanyama, C.3
  • 24
    • 4444325849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction: Patient monitoring and toxicity management
    • McComsey G, Lonergan JT. Mitochondrial dysfunction: patient monitoring and toxicity management. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37(Suppl 1):S30-5
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • McComsey, G.1    Lonergan, J.T.2
  • 25
    • 0034699898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy
    • Carr A, Cooper DA. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 2000;356:1423-30
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1423-1430
    • Carr, A.1    Cooper, D.A.2
  • 26
    • 0036174438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: Comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Birkus G, Hitchcock MJ, Cihlar T. Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:716-23
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 716-723
    • Birkus, G.1    Hitchcock, M.J.2    Cihlar, T.3
  • 27
    • 19944426227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements in lipoatrophy, mitochondrial DNA levels and fat apoptosis after replacing stavudine with abacavir or zidovudine
    • McComsey GA, Paulsen DM, Lonergan JT, et al. Improvements in lipoatrophy, mitochondrial DNA levels and fat apoptosis after replacing stavudine with abacavir or zidovudine. AIDS 2005;19:15-23
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 15-23
    • McComsey, G.A.1    Paulsen, D.M.2    Lonergan, J.T.3
  • 28
    • 0037527547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactataemia syndromes associated with HIV therapy
    • Ogedegbe AE, Thomas DL, Diehl AM. Hyperlactataemia syndromes associated with HIV therapy. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:329-37
    • (2003) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 329-337
    • Ogedegbe, A.E.1    Thomas, D.L.2    Diehl, A.M.3
  • 30
    • 34848888307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in developing countries
    • Subbaraman R, Chaguturu SK, Mayer KH, et al. Adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:1093-101
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 1093-1101
    • Subbaraman, R.1    Chaguturu, S.K.2    Mayer, K.H.3
  • 31
    • 11144243979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of the incidence of drug-associated symmetrical peripheral neuropathy by host and disease factors in the HIV out-patient study cohort
    • Lichtenstein KA, Armon C, Baron A, et al. Modification of the incidence of drug-associated symmetrical peripheral neuropathy by host and disease factors in the HIV out-patient study cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:148-57
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 148-157
    • Lichtenstein, K.A.1    Armon, C.2    Baron, A.3
  • 32
    • 34147161191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical toxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care programme in rural Uganda
    • Forna F, Liechty CA, Solberg P, et al. Clinical toxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care programme in rural Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;44:456-62
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 456-462
    • Forna, F.1    Liechty, C.A.2    Solberg, P.3
  • 33
    • 34347343922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral durability and tolerability in HIV-infected adults living in urban Kenya
    • Hawkins C, Achenbach C, Fryda W, et al. Antiretroviral durability and tolerability in HIV-infected adults living in urban Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;45:304-10
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.45 , pp. 304-310
    • Hawkins, C.1    Achenbach, C.2    Fryda, W.3
  • 34
    • 20444387610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of, evolution of, and risk factors for fat atrophy and fat deposition in a cohort of HIV-infected men and women
    • Jacobson DL, Knox T, Spiegelman D, et al. Prevalence of, evolution of, and risk factors for fat atrophy and fat deposition in a cohort of HIV-infected men and women. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1837-45
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1837-1845
    • Jacobson, D.L.1    Knox, T.2    Spiegelman, D.3
  • 35
    • 0033391005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A syndrome of peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy) in patients receiving long-term nucleoside analogue therapy
    • Saint-Marc T, Partisani M, Poizot-Martin I, et al. A syndrome of peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy) in patients receiving long-term nucleoside analogue therapy. AIDS 1999;13:1659-67
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 1659-1667
    • Saint-Marc, T.1    Partisani, M.2    Poizot-Martin, I.3
  • 36
    • 34347361509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical update: Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy
    • Calmy A, Hirschel B, Cooper DA, Carr A. Clinical update: adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 2007;370:12-4
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 12-14
    • Calmy, A.1    Hirschel, B.2    Cooper, D.A.3    Carr, A.4
  • 37
    • 0036737110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of body fat distribution in HIV-infected persons treated with antiretroviral drugs: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
    • Bernasconi E, Boubaker K, Junghans C, et al. Abnormalities of body fat distribution in HIV-infected persons treated with antiretroviral drugs: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;31:50-5
    • (2002) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.31 , pp. 50-55
    • Bernasconi, E.1    Boubaker, K.2    Junghans, C.3
  • 38
    • 33846844983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the peripheral blood mtDNA levels in naive patients treated by different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combinations and their association with subsequent lipodystrophy
    • Chene G, Amellal B, Pedrono G, et al. Changes in the peripheral blood mtDNA levels in naive patients treated by different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combinations and their association with subsequent lipodystrophy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007;23:54-61
    • (2007) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.23 , pp. 54-61
    • Chene, G.1    Amellal, B.2    Pedrono, G.3
  • 39
    • 0037032941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of lipoatrophy under stavudine in HIV-1-infected patients: Results of a substudy from a comparative trial
    • Joly V, Flandre P, Meiffredy V, et al. Increased risk of lipoatrophy under stavudine in HIV-1-infected patients: results of a substudy from a comparative trial. AIDS 2002;16:2447-54
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2447-2454
    • Joly, V.1    Flandre, P.2    Meiffredy, V.3
  • 40
    • 0037111631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipodystrophy in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected Asian patients: Prevalence, associated factors, and psychological impact
    • Paton NI, Earnest A, Ng YM, et al. Lipodystrophy in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected Asian patients: prevalence, associated factors, and psychological impact. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1244-9
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1244-1249
    • Paton, N.I.1    Earnest, A.2    Ng, Y.M.3
  • 41
    • 0035824745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: The role of lipodystrophy
    • Duran S, Saves M, Spire B, et al. Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the role of lipodystrophy. AIDS 2001;15:2441-4
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 2441-2444
    • Duran, S.1    Saves, M.2    Spire, B.3
  • 42
    • 19644395095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia among patients taking first-line, World Health Organization-recommended highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens in Western India
    • Pujari SN, Dravid A, Naik E, et al. Lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia among patients taking first-line, World Health Organization-recommended highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens in Western India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:199-202
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39 , pp. 199-202
    • Pujari, S.N.1    Dravid, A.2    Naik, E.3
  • 43
    • 34250746994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of lipoatrophy among patients on stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens in Rwanda
    • van Griensven J, De Naeyer L, Mushi T, et al. High prevalence of lipoatrophy among patients on stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens in Rwanda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007;101:793-8
    • (2007) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.101 , pp. 793-798
    • van Griensven, J.1    De Naeyer, L.2    Mushi, T.3
  • 44
    • 0035577787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactatemia and antiretroviral therapy: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
    • Boubaker K, Flepp M, Sudre P, et al. Hyperlactatemia and antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1931-7
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 1931-1937
    • Boubaker, K.1    Flepp, M.2    Sudre, P.3
  • 45
    • 0035853430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy
    • John M, Moore CB, James IR, et al. Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001;15:717-23
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 717-723
    • John, M.1    Moore, C.B.2    James, I.R.3
  • 46
    • 34447099874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in antiretroviral therapy toxicity: Lactic acidosis, stavudine, and women
    • Currier JS. Sex differences in antiretroviral therapy toxicity: lactic acidosis, stavudine, and women. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:261-2
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 261-262
    • Currier, J.S.1
  • 47
    • 34447105912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high incidence of lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactatemia in women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Soweto, South Africa
    • Bolhaar MG, Karstaedt AS. A high incidence of lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactatemia in women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Soweto, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:254-60
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 254-260
    • Bolhaar, M.G.1    Karstaedt, A.S.2
  • 48
    • 37349070983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher-than-expected rates of lactic acidosis among highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated women in Botswana: Preliminary results from a large randomized clinical trial
    • Wester CW, Okezie OA, Thomas AM, et al. Higher-than-expected rates of lactic acidosis among highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated women in Botswana: preliminary results from a large randomized clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;46:318-22
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.46 , pp. 318-322
    • Wester, C.W.1    Okezie, O.A.2    Thomas, A.M.3
  • 49
    • 34547622855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hyperlactatemia associated with nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor use in HIV-infected patients: A report of 24 cases in a resource-limited setting (Uganda)
    • Songa PM, Castelnuovo B, Mugasha EB, et al. Symptomatic hyperlactatemia associated with nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor use in HIV-infected patients: a report of 24 cases in a resource-limited setting (Uganda). Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:514-7
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 514-517
    • Songa, P.M.1    Castelnuovo, B.2    Mugasha, E.B.3
  • 50
    • 33745076782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point of care testing for antiretroviral therapy-related lactic acidosis in resource-poor settings
    • Ivers LC, Mukherjee JS. Point of care testing for antiretroviral therapy-related lactic acidosis in resource-poor settings. AIDS 2006;20:779-80
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 779-780
    • Ivers, L.C.1    Mukherjee, J.S.2
  • 51
    • 0029870457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stavudine: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical potential in HIV infection
    • Lea AP, Faulds D. Stavudine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical potential in HIV infection. Drugs 1996;51:846-64
    • (1996) Drugs , vol.51 , pp. 846-864
    • Lea, A.P.1    Faulds, D.2
  • 52
    • 0035958764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxycarbamide in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression
    • Havlir DV, Gilbert PB, Bennett K, et al. Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxycarbamide in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression. AIDS 2001;15:1379-88
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 1379-1388
    • Havlir, D.V.1    Gilbert, P.B.2    Bennett, K.3
  • 53
    • 19644399336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of pancreatitis in HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in 20 adult AIDS clinical trials group studies: Lessons learned
    • Reisler RB, Murphy RL, Redfield RR, Parker RA. Incidence of pancreatitis in HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in 20 adult AIDS clinical trials group studies: lessons learned. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:159-66
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39 , pp. 159-166
    • Reisler, R.B.1    Murphy, R.L.2    Redfield, R.R.3    Parker, R.A.4
  • 54
    • 0034457420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving ritonavir and saquinavir with or without stavudine. Prometheus Study Group
    • Gisolf EH, Dreezen C, Danner SA, et al. Risk factors for hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving ritonavir and saquinavir with or without stavudine. Prometheus Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1234-9
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1234-1239
    • Gisolf, E.H.1    Dreezen, C.2    Danner, S.A.3
  • 55
    • 1442351728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular pharmacology of nucleoside- and nucleotide-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and its relationship to clinical toxicities
    • Anderson PL, Kakuda TN, Lichtenstein KA. The cellular pharmacology of nucleoside- and nucleotide-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and its relationship to clinical toxicities. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:743-53
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 743-753
    • Anderson, P.L.1    Kakuda, T.N.2    Lichtenstein, K.A.3
  • 56
    • 0037087075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Report of 12 cases and review of the literature
    • Falco V, Rodriguez D, Ribera E, et al. Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:838-46
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 838-846
    • Falco, V.1    Rodriguez, D.2    Ribera, E.3
  • 57
    • 11344293751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults
    • Grinspoon S, Carr A. Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 2005;352:48-62
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 48-62
    • Grinspoon, S.1    Carr, A.2
  • 58
    • 27444431816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
    • Brown TT, Li X, Cole SR, et al. Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS 2005;19:1375-83
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 1375-1383
    • Brown, T.T.1    Li, X.2    Cole, S.R.3
  • 59
    • 36048952049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic function and the prevalence of lipodystrophy in a population of HIV-infected African subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Mutimura E, Stewart A, Rheeder P, Crowther NJ. Metabolic function and the prevalence of lipodystrophy in a population of HIV-infected African subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;46:451-5
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.46 , pp. 451-455
    • Mutimura, E.1    Stewart, A.2    Rheeder, P.3    Crowther, N.J.4
  • 60
    • 0037462704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case report: Nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis in the third trimester of pregnancy
    • Mandelbrot L, Kermarrec N, Marcollet A, et al. Case report: nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. AIDS 2003;17:272-3
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 272-273
    • Mandelbrot, L.1    Kermarrec, N.2    Marcollet, A.3
  • 61
    • 0036199534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute onset lactic acidosis and pancreatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy in HIV-1 positive women taking antiretroviral medication
    • Sarner L, Fakoya A. Acute onset lactic acidosis and pancreatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy in HIV-1 positive women taking antiretroviral medication. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78:58-9
    • (2002) Sex Transm Infect , vol.78 , pp. 58-59
    • Sarner, L.1    Fakoya, A.2
  • 62
    • 34147115624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral-associated toxicity among HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women in Mozambique receiving nevirapine-based regimens
    • Jamisse L, Balkus J, Hitti J, et al. Antiretroviral-associated toxicity among HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women in Mozambique receiving nevirapine-based regimens. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;44:371-6
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 371-376
    • Jamisse, L.1    Balkus, J.2    Hitti, J.3
  • 63
    • 33745111820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activity of nucleoside analogues during short-course monotherapy or dual therapy: Its role in preventing HIV infection in infants
    • Grey G, Violari A, McIntyre J, et al. Antiviral activity of nucleoside analogues during short-course monotherapy or dual therapy: its role in preventing HIV infection in infants. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;42:169-76
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.42 , pp. 169-176
    • Grey, G.1    Violari, A.2    McIntyre, J.3
  • 64
    • 44949179060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addendum to 2006 WHO guidelines on antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. New dosage recommendations for stavudine (d4T). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2007. Available from: www.who.int/hiv/art/ARTadultsaddendum.pdf [Last accessed 11 January 2008]
    • Addendum to 2006 WHO guidelines on antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. New dosage recommendations for stavudine (d4T). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2007. Available from: www.who.int/hiv/art/ARTadultsaddendum.pdf [Last accessed 11 January 2008]
  • 65
    • 33751515147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment
    • El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2283-96
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2283-2296
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Lundgren, J.D.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 66
    • 33745003258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4-guided structured antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in HIV-infected adults in west Africa (Trivacan ANRS 1269 trial): A randomized trial
    • Danel C, Moh R, Minga A, et al. CD4-guided structured antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in HIV-infected adults in west Africa (Trivacan ANRS 1269 trial): a randomized trial. Lancet 2006;367:1981-9
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1981-1989
    • Danel, C.1    Moh, R.2    Minga, A.3
  • 67
    • 24644473517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of selecting de novo drug resistance mutations during structured treatment interruptions in patients with chronic HIV infection
    • Arnedo-Valero M, Garcia F, Gil C, et al. Risk of selecting de novo drug resistance mutations during structured treatment interruptions in patients with chronic HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:883-90
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 883-890
    • Arnedo-Valero, M.1    Garcia, F.2    Gil, C.3
  • 68
    • 0028910235 scopus 로고
    • Dose-related activity of stavudine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Petersen EA, Ramirez-Ronda CH, Hardy WD, et al. Dose-related activity of stavudine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 1995;171(Suppl 2):S131-9
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Petersen, E.A.1    Ramirez-Ronda, C.H.2    Hardy, W.D.3
  • 69
    • 0029030096 scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside analogue-associated peripheral neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Simpson DM, Tagliati M. Nucleoside analogue-associated peripheral neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995;9:153-61
    • (1995) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.9 , pp. 153-161
    • Simpson, D.M.1    Tagliati, M.2
  • 70
    • 0037055028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir substitution for nucleoside analogs in patients with HIV lipoatrophy: A randomized trial
    • Carr A, Workman C, Smith DE, et al. Abacavir substitution for nucleoside analogs in patients with HIV lipoatrophy: a randomized trial. JAMA 2002;288:207-15
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 207-215
    • Carr, A.1    Workman, C.2    Smith, D.E.3
  • 71
    • 3242708621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of recurrence of hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients switched from stavudine to abacavir or zidovudine
    • Lonergan JT, McComsey GA, Fisher RL, et al. Lack of recurrence of hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients switched from stavudine to abacavir or zidovudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;36:935-42
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.36 , pp. 935-942
    • Lonergan, J.T.1    McComsey, G.A.2    Fisher, R.L.3
  • 72
    • 44949119172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact on mitochondrial toxicity and antiviral effect of switching from stavudine (d4t) to tenofovir df [abstract 730]
    • Harris M CH, Bruce S, Chan J, et al. Impact on mitochondrial toxicity and antiviral effect of switching from stavudine (d4t) to tenofovir df [abstract 730]. Antivir Ther 2003;8(Suppl 1)
    • (2003) Antivir Ther , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Harris, M.C.1    Bruce, S.2    Chan, J.3
  • 73
    • 33745456246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained improvement of dyslipidaemia in HAART-treated patients replacing stavudine with tenofovir
    • Llibre JM, Domingo P, Palacios R, et al. Sustained improvement of dyslipidaemia in HAART-treated patients replacing stavudine with tenofovir. AIDS 2006;20:1407-14
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 1407-1414
    • Llibre, J.M.1    Domingo, P.2    Palacios, R.3
  • 75
    • 0028898503 scopus 로고
    • Design and implementation of the stavudine parallel-track program
    • Anderson RE, Dunkle LM, Smaldone L, et al. Design and implementation of the stavudine parallel-track program. J Infect Dis 1995;171(Suppl 2):S118-22
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Anderson, R.E.1    Dunkle, L.M.2    Smaldone, L.3
  • 76
    • 1642273085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy of a protease inhibitor-sparing, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-limiting antiretroviral regimen with nevirapine, lamivudine, and reduced standard stavudine dosage
    • Shalit P, Farrell P, McClarty M. Long-term efficacy of a protease inhibitor-sparing, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-limiting antiretroviral regimen with nevirapine, lamivudine, and reduced standard stavudine dosage. HIV Clin Trials 2004;5:62-4
    • (2004) HIV Clin Trials , vol.5 , pp. 62-64
    • Shalit, P.1    Farrell, P.2    McClarty, M.3
  • 77
    • 34047193054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of clinical trials evaluating low doses of stavudine as part of antiretroviral treatment
    • Hill A, Ruxrungtham K, Hanvanich M, et al. Systematic review of clinical trials evaluating low doses of stavudine as part of antiretroviral treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007;8:679-88
    • (2007) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.8 , pp. 679-688
    • Hill, A.1    Ruxrungtham, K.2    Hanvanich, M.3
  • 78
    • 44949166181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose reduction in stavudine from 40 mg to 30 mg b.i.d. provides similar virological and immunological outcome
    • Jul 11, 16; Bangkok, Thailand Abstract TuPeB4459
    • Sanchez-Conde M, Soriano V, Gonzalez-Lahoz J. Dose reduction in stavudine from 40 mg to 30 mg b.i.d. provides similar virological and immunological outcome. XV International AIDS Conference; 2004 Jul 11 - 16; Bangkok, Thailand Abstract TuPeB4459
    • (2004) XV International AIDS Conference
    • Sanchez-Conde, M.1    Soriano, V.2    Gonzalez-Lahoz, J.3
  • 79
    • 20444365342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized open study comparing the effect of reducing stavudine dose vs switching to tenofovir on mitochondrial function, metabolic parameters, and subcutaneous fat in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy containing stavudine
    • Feb 22, 25; Boston, USA paper 857
    • Milinkovic A, Lopez S, Vidal S, et al. A randomized open study comparing the effect of reducing stavudine dose vs switching to tenofovir on mitochondrial function, metabolic parameters, and subcutaneous fat in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy containing stavudine. 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 2005 Feb 22 - 25; Boston, USA (paper 857)
    • (2005) 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Milinkovic, A.1    Lopez, S.2    Vidal, S.3
  • 80
    • 0034456735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and medication adherence
    • Max B, Sherer R. Management of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and medication adherence. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30(Suppl 2):S96-116
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Max, B.1    Sherer, R.2
  • 81
    • 21044451109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy results in a resource-poor setting in Blantyre, Malawi
    • van Oosterhout JJ, Bodasing N, Kumwenda JJ, et al. Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy results in a resource-poor setting in Blantyre, Malawi. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10:464-70
    • (2005) Trop Med Int Health , vol.10 , pp. 464-470
    • van Oosterhout, J.J.1    Bodasing, N.2    Kumwenda, J.J.3
  • 82
    • 0036860310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of fat accumulation and lipid disorders by individualized light aerobic training in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with lipodystrophy and/or dyslipidemia
    • Thoni GJ, Fedou C, Brun JF, et al. Reduction of fat accumulation and lipid disorders by individualized light aerobic training in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with lipodystrophy and/or dyslipidemia. Diabetes Metab 2002;28:397-404
    • (2002) Diabetes Metab , vol.28 , pp. 397-404
    • Thoni, G.J.1    Fedou, C.2    Brun, J.F.3
  • 83
    • 42649115541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uridine supplementation in HIV lipoatrophy: Pilot trial on safety and effect on mitochondrial indices
    • Epub ahead of print
    • McComsey GA, O'Riordan M, Setzer B, et al. Uridine supplementation in HIV lipoatrophy: pilot trial on safety and effect on mitochondrial indices. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007 [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Nutr
    • McComsey, G.A.1    O'Riordan, M.2    Setzer, B.3
  • 84
    • 33847342858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uridine supplementation for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-associated lipoatrophy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Sutinen J, Walker UA, Sevastianova K, et al. Uridine supplementation for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-associated lipoatrophy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Antivir Ther 2007;12:97-105
    • (2007) Antivir Ther , vol.12 , pp. 97-105
    • Sutinen, J.1    Walker, U.A.2    Sevastianova, K.3
  • 85
    • 0037274135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gabapentin dosing for neuropathic pain: Evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials
    • Backonja M, Glanzman RL. Gabapentin dosing for neuropathic pain: evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clin Ther 2003;25:81-104
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 81-104
    • Backonja, M.1    Glanzman, R.L.2
  • 86
    • 33846442836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Options for a second-line antiretroviral regimen for HIV type 1-infected patients whose initial regimen of a fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine fails
    • Sungkanuparph S, Manosuthi W, Kiertiburanakul S, et al. Options for a second-line antiretroviral regimen for HIV type 1-infected patients whose initial regimen of a fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine fails. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:447-52
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 447-452
    • Sungkanuparph, S.1    Manosuthi, W.2    Kiertiburanakul, S.3
  • 87
    • 9144271024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of resistance in a double-blind study comparing lopinavir/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine to nelfinavir plus stavudine and lamivudine
    • Kempf DJ, King MS, Bernstein B, et al. Incidence of resistance in a double-blind study comparing lopinavir/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine to nelfinavir plus stavudine and lamivudine. J Infect Dis 2004;189:51-60
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 51-60
    • Kempf, D.J.1    King, M.S.2    Bernstein, B.3
  • 88
    • 4644295283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on anemia and relationship between anemia and survival in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study
    • Berhane K, Karim R, Cohen MH, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on anemia and relationship between anemia and survival in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37:1245-52
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , pp. 1245-1252
    • Berhane, K.1    Karim, R.2    Cohen, M.H.3
  • 89
    • 0033942684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral stavudine in subjects with renal impairment and in subjects requiring hemodialysis
    • Grasela DM, Stoltz RR, Barry M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral stavudine in subjects with renal impairment and in subjects requiring hemodialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:2149-53
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2149-2153
    • Grasela, D.M.1    Stoltz, R.R.2    Barry, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.