메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 214-221

Kinetic and in silico analysis of the slow-binding inhibition of human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) by novel nucleoside analogues

Author keywords

Deadenylation; Nucleoside analogues; PARN; Slow binding inhibition

Indexed keywords

1 (3' DEOXY 3' FLUORO BETA DEXTRO GLUCOPYRANOSYL) 5 FLUOROURACIL; 1 (3' DEOXY 3' FLUORO BETA DEXTRO GLUCOPYRANOSYL)THYMINE; 1 (3' DEOXY 3' FLUORO BETA DEXTRO GLUCOPYRANOSYL)URACIL; 1 (3',4', DIDEOXY 3' FLUORO BETA DEXTRO GLUCOPYRANOSYL) N4 BENZOYL ADENINE; 3 DEOXY 3 FLUORO GLUCOPYRANOSE; 9 (3',4', DIDEOXY 3' FLUORO BETA DEXTRO GLUCOPYRANOSYL) N6 BENZOYL ADENINE; ADENINE DERIVATIVE; EXODEOXYRIBONUCLEASE; FLUOROURACIL; GLUCOSE DERIVATIVE; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; POLYADENYLIC ACID SPECIFIC RIBONUCLEASE; RECOMBINANT ENZYME; RIBONUCLEASE INHIBITOR; THYMINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URACIL;

EID: 83455172585     PISSN: 03009084     EISSN: 61831638     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (44)
  • 2
    • 41149138114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifunctional deadenylase complexes diversify mRNA control
    • DOI 10.1038/nrm2370, PII NRM2370
    • A.C. Goldstrohm, and M. Wickens Multifunctional deadenylase complexes diversify mRNA control Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9 2008 337 344 (Pubitemid 351430850)
    • (2008) Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 337-344
    • Goldstrohm, A.C.1    Wickens, M.2
  • 3
    • 33749662940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing Polymerase-Deadenylase Activities Regulate Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.08.016, PII S1097276506005971
    • J.H. Kim, and J.D. Richter Opposing polymerase-deadenylase activities regulate cytoplasmic polyadenylation Mol. Cell 24 2006 173 183 (Pubitemid 44557122)
    • (2006) Molecular Cell , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-183
    • Kim, J.H.1    Richter, J.D.2
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0035282971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mRNA-decapping activity in HeLa cytoplasmic extracts is regulated by AU-rich elements
    • DOI 10.1093/emboj/20.5.1134
    • M. Gao, C.J. Wilusz, S.W. Peltz, and J. Wilusz A novel mRNA-decapping activity in HeLa cytoplasmic extracts is regulated by AU-rich elements EMBO J. 20 2001 1134 1143 (Pubitemid 32186803)
    • (2001) EMBO Journal , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 1134-1143
    • Gao, M.1    Wilusz, C.J.2    Peltz, S.W.3    Wilusz, J.4
  • 7
    • 0035958843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mRNA cap structure stimulates rate of poly(A) removal and amplifies processivity of degradation
    • J. Martinez, Y.G. Ren, P. Nilsson, M. Ehrenberg, and A. Virtanen The mRNA cap structure stimulates rate of poly(A) removal and amplifies processivity of degradation J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 27923 27929
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 27923-27929
    • Martinez, J.1    Ren, Y.G.2    Nilsson, P.3    Ehrenberg, M.4    Virtanen, A.5
  • 9
    • 13744259033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum-deprivation stimulates cap-binding by PARN at the expense of eIF4E, consistent with the observed decrease in mRNA stability
    • DOI 10.1093/nar/gki169
    • R. Seal, R. Temperley, J. Wilusz, R.N. Lightowlers, and Z.M. Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Serum-deprivation stimulates cap-binding by PARN at the expense of eIF4E, consistent with the observed decrease in mRNA stability Nucleic Acids Res. 33 2005 376 387 (Pubitemid 40282542)
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 376-387
    • Seal, R.1    Temperley, R.2    Wilusz, J.3    Lightowlers, R.N.4    Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Z.M.A.5
  • 10
    • 0033680082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between a poly(A)-specific ribonuclease and the 5' cap influences mRNA deadenylation rates in vitro
    • M. Gao, D.T. Fritz, L.P. Ford, and J. Wilusz Interaction between a poly(A)-specific ribonuclease and the 5' cap influences mRNA deadenylation rates in vitro Mol. Cell 5 2000 479 488
    • (2000) Mol. Cell , vol.5 , pp. 479-488
    • Gao, M.1    Fritz, D.T.2    Ford, L.P.3    Wilusz, J.4
  • 11
    • 0039535081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly(A) tail shortening by a mammalian poly(A)-specific 3'-exoribonuclease
    • C.G. Körner, and E. Wahle Poly(A) tail shortening by a mammalian poly(A)-specific 3'-exoribonuclease J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 10448 10456
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 10448-10456
    • Körner, C.G.1    Wahle, E.2
  • 12
    • 2942612333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A KH domain RNA binding protein, KSRP, promotes ARE-directed mRNA turnover by recruiting the degradation machinery
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.002, PII S1097276504002709
    • R. Gherzi, K.Y. Lee, P. Briata, D. Wegmuller, C. Moroni, M. Karin, and C.Y. Chen A KH domain RNA binding protein, KSRP, promotes ARE-directed mRNA turnover by recruiting the degradation machinery Mol. Cell 14 2004 571 583 (Pubitemid 38739081)
    • (2004) Molecular Cell , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 571-583
    • Gherzi, R.1    Lee, K.-Y.2    Briata, P.3    Wegmuller, D.4    Moroni, C.5    Karin, M.6    Chen, C.-Y.7
  • 13
    • 0038751970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tristetraprolin and its family members can promote the cell-free deadenylation of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs by poly(A) ribonuclease
    • DOI 10.1128/MCB.23.11.3798-3812.2003
    • W.S. Lai, E.A. Kennington, and P.J. Blackshear Tristetraprolin and its family members can promote the cell-free deadenylation of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs by poly(A) ribonuclease Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 2003 3798 3812 (Pubitemid 36597460)
    • (2003) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 3798-3812
    • Lai, W.S.1    Kennington, E.A.2    Blackshear, P.J.3
  • 14
    • 1642523679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of mRNA Deadenylation and Decay by the Exosome-Bound, DExH Protein RHAU
    • DOI 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00481-7
    • H. Tran, M. Schilling, C. Wirbelauer, D. Hess, and Y. Nagamine Facilitation of mRNA deadenylation and decay by the exosome-bound, DExH protein RHAU Mol. Cell 13 2004 101 111 (Pubitemid 38117119)
    • (2004) Molecular Cell , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-111
    • Tran, H.1    Schilling, M.2    Wirbelauer, C.3    Hess, D.4    Nagamine, Y.5
  • 15
    • 0036847881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Klenow DNA polymerase and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease by aminoglycosides
    • DOI 10.1017/S1355838202021015
    • Y.G. Ren, J. Martinez, L.A. Kirsebom, and A. Virtanen Inhibition of Klenow DNA polymerase and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease by aminoglycosides RNA 8 2002 1393 1400 (Pubitemid 35332963)
    • (2002) RNA , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. 1393-1400
    • Ren, Y.-G.1    Martinez, J.2    Kirsebom, L.A.3    Virtanen, A.4
  • 16
    • 0026630153 scopus 로고
    • Properties of a HeLa cell 3' exonuclease specific for degrading poly(A) tails of mammalian mRNA
    • J. ström, A. ström, and A. Virtanen Properties of a HeLa cell 3' exonuclease specific for degrading poly(A) tails of mammalian mRNA J. Biol. Chem. 267 1992 18154 18159
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 18154-18159
    • Ström, J.1    Ström, A.2    Virtanen, A.3
  • 17
    • 67650091624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) by purine nucleotides: Kinetic analysis
    • N.A. Balatsos, D. Anastasakis, and C. Stathopoulos Inhibition of human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) by purine nucleotides: kinetic analysis J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem. 24 2009 516 523
    • (2009) J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem. , vol.24 , pp. 516-523
    • Balatsos, N.A.1    Anastasakis, D.2    Stathopoulos, C.3
  • 20
    • 33845286570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-benzoyl cytosine
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.033, PII S0968089606008637
    • S. Manta, G. Agelis, T. Botic, A. Cencic, and D. Komiotis Fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides: synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoro-2-keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N4-benzoyl cytosine Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15 2007 980 987 (Pubitemid 44880708)
    • (2007) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 980-987
    • Manta, S.1    Agelis, G.2    Botic, T.3    Cencic, A.4    Komiotis, D.5
  • 21
    • 2942537776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and drug resistance of β-D-3′-fluoro-2′,3′-unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV agents
    • DOI 10.1021/jm040027j
    • W. Zhou, G. Gumina, Y. Chong, J. Wang, R.F. Schinazi, and C.K. Chu Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and drug resistance of beta-d-3'-fluoro-2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV Agents J. Med. Chem. 47 2004 3399 3408 (Pubitemid 38750186)
    • (2004) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol.47 , Issue.13 , pp. 3399-3408
    • Zhou, W.1    Gumina, G.2    Chong, Y.3    Wang, J.4    Schinazi, R.F.5    Chu, C.K.6
  • 22
    • 34250695046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exomethylene pyranonucleosides: Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-β-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl) thymine
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.055, PII S0968089607004865
    • G. Agelis, N. Tzioumaki, T. Botic, A. Cencic, and D. Komiotis Exomethylene pyranonucleosides: efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-beta-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl)thymine Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15 2007 5448 5456 (Pubitemid 46962997)
    • (2007) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , vol.15 , Issue.16 , pp. 5448-5456
    • Agelis, G.1    Tzioumaki, N.2    Botic, T.3    Cencic, A.4    Komiotis, D.5
  • 23
    • 45849103556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and molecular modelling of unsaturated exomethylene pyranonucleoside analogues with antitumor and antiviral activities
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.014, PII S0223523407003947
    • G. Agelis, N. Tzioumaki, T. Tselios, T. Botic, A. Cencic, and D. Komiotis Synthesis and molecular modelling of unsaturated exomethylene pyranonucleoside analogues with antitumor and antiviral activities Eur. J. Med. Chem. 43 2008 1366 1375 (Pubitemid 351885226)
    • (2008) European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 1366-1375
    • Agelis, G.1    Tzioumaki, N.2    Tselios, T.3    Botic, T.4    Cencic, A.5    Komiotis, D.6
  • 24
    • 38949104784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-benzoyl adenine
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.001, PII S0223523407001869
    • S. Manta, G. Agelis, T. Botic, A. Cencic, and D. Komiotis Unsaturated fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides: synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoro-4-keto-beta-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N(4)-benzoyl cytosine and N(6)-benzoyl adenine Eur. J. Med. Chem. 43 2008 420 428 (Pubitemid 351215608)
    • (2008) European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 420-428
    • Manta, S.1    Agelis, G.2    Botic, T.3    Cencic, A.4    Komiotis, D.5
  • 25
    • 70349932131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsaturated dideoxy fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides as new cytostatic agents: A convenient synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4-keto-beta-D- glucopyranosyl analogues of uracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine, N4-benzoyl cytosine and N6-benzoyl adenine
    • S. Manta, N. Tzioumaki, E. Tsoukala, A. Panagiotopoulou, M. Pelecanou, J. Balzarini, and D. Komiotis Unsaturated dideoxy fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides as new cytostatic agents: a convenient synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4- keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl analogues of uracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine, N4-benzoyl cytosine and N6-benzoyl adenine Eur. J. Med. Chem. 44 2009 4764 4771
    • (2009) Eur. J. Med. Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 4764-4771
    • Manta, S.1    Tzioumaki, N.2    Tsoukala, E.3    Panagiotopoulou, A.4    Pelecanou, M.5    Balzarini, J.6    Komiotis, D.7
  • 27
    • 33745986334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and purification of recombinant poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.02.025, PII S0141813006000870
    • P. Nilsson, and A. Virtanen Expression and purification of recombinant poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 39 2006 95 99 (Pubitemid 44066548)
    • (2006) International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , vol.39 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 95-99
    • Nilsson, P.1    Virtanen, A.2
  • 28
    • 33646435854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonradioactive assay for poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity by methylene blue colorimetry
    • Y. Cheng, W.F. Liu, Y.B. Yan, and H.M. Zhou A nonradioactive assay for poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity by methylene blue colorimetry Protein Pept. Lett. 13 2006 125 128
    • (2006) Protein Pept. Lett. , vol.13 , pp. 125-128
    • Cheng, Y.1    Liu, W.F.2    Yan, Y.B.3    Zhou, H.M.4
  • 29
    • 0035913529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and reparametrization of the OPLS-AA force field for proteins via comparison with accurate quantum chemical calculations on peptides
    • DOI 10.1021/jp003919d
    • G.A. Kaminski, R.A. Friesner, J. Tirado-Rives, and W.L. Jorgensen Evaluation and reparametrization of the OPLS-AA force field for proteins via comparison with accurate quantum chemical calculations on peptide J. Phys. Chem. B. 105 2001 6474 6487 (Pubitemid 35339015)
    • (2001) Journal of Physical Chemistry B , vol.105 , Issue.28 , pp. 6474-6487
    • Kaminski, G.A.1    Friesner, R.A.2    Tirado-Rives, J.3    Jorgensen, W.L.4
  • 31
    • 73649136822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of adenosine residues by the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease
    • N. Henriksson, P. Nilsson, M. Wu, H. Song, and A. Virtanen Recognition of adenosine residues by the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease J. Biol. Chem.285 2010 163 170
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem.285 , pp. 163-170
    • Henriksson, N.1    Nilsson, P.2    Wu, M.3    Song, H.4    Virtanen, A.5
  • 32
    • 0027176452 scopus 로고
    • The kinetics of slow-binding and slow, tight-binding inhibition: The effects of substrate depletion
    • S.G. Waley The kinetics of slow-binding and slow, tight-binding inhibition: the effects of substrate depletion Biochem. J. 294 Pt 1 1993 195 200 (Pubitemid 23251930)
    • (1993) Biochemical Journal , vol.294 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-200
    • Waley, S.G.1
  • 33
    • 0023728105 scopus 로고
    • The behavior and significance of slow-binding enzyme inhibitors
    • J.F. Morrison, and C.T. Walsh The behavior and significance of slow-binding enzyme inhibitors Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 61 1988 201 301
    • (1988) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. , vol.61 , pp. 201-301
    • Morrison, J.F.1    Walsh, C.T.2
  • 34
    • 13244264980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of slow-binding enzyme inhibitors at elevated enzyme concentrations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.11.012, PII S0003269704009005
    • B. Perdicakis, H.J. Montgomery, J.G. Guillemette, and E. Jervis Analysis of slow-binding enzyme inhibitors at elevated enzyme concentrations Anal. Biochem. 337 2005 211 223 (Pubitemid 40187248)
    • (2005) Analytical Biochemistry , vol.337 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-223
    • Perdicakis, B.1    Montgomery, H.J.2    Guillemette, J.G.3    Jervis, E.4
  • 35
    • 0028924136 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of slow and tight-binding inhibitors
    • S.E. Szedlacsek, and R.G. Duggleby Kinetics of slow and tight-binding inhibitors Methods Enzymol. 249 1995 144 180
    • (1995) Methods Enzymol. , vol.249 , pp. 144-180
    • Szedlacsek, S.E.1    Duggleby, R.G.2
  • 37
    • 19144368005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of spermine binding sites in 23S rRNA by photoaffinity labeling: Parsing the spermine contribution to ribosomal 50S subunit functions
    • DOI 10.1093/nar/gki557
    • M.A. Xaplanteri, A.D. Petropoulos, G.P. Dinos, and D.L. Kalpaxis Localization of spermine binding sites in 23S rRNA by photoaffinity labeling: parsing the spermine contribution to ribosomal 50S subunit functions Nucleic Acids Res. 33 2005 2792 2805 (Pubitemid 41511219)
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 2792-2805
    • Xaplanteri, M.A.1    Petropoulos, A.D.2    Dinos, G.P.3    Kalpaxis, D.L.4
  • 38
    • 0034604553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 54-kDa fragment of the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease is an oligomeric, processive, and cap-interacting poly(A)-specific 3' exonuclease
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M001705200
    • J. Martinez, Y.G. Ren, A.C. Thuresson, U. Hellman, J. ström, and A. Virtanen A 54-kDa fragment of the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease is an oligomeric, processive, and cap-interacting poly(A)-specific 3' exonuclease J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 24222 24230 (Pubitemid 30624713)
    • (2000) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.275 , Issue.31 , pp. 24222-24230
    • Martinez, J.1    Ren, Y.-G.2    Thuresson, A.-C.3    Hellman, U.4    Astrom, J.5    Virtanen, A.6
  • 39
    • 78649881479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To polyadenylate or to deadenylate: That is the question
    • X. Zhang, A. Virtanen, F. E. Kleiman, To polyadenylate or to deadenylate: that is the question, Cell Cycle 9 4437-4449.
    • Cell Cycle , vol.9 , pp. 4437-4449
    • Zhang, X.1    Virtanen, A.2    Kleiman, F.E.3
  • 40
    • 36749022214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA Damage Response: Ten Years After
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.11.015, PII S1097276507007836
    • J.W. Harper, and S.J. Elledge The DNA damage response: ten years after Mol. Cell 28 2007 739 745 (Pubitemid 350217064)
    • (2007) Molecular Cell , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 739-745
    • Harper, J.W.1    Elledge, S.J.2
  • 42
    • 11344286593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2/M transition and S phase progression in response to UV irradiation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.021, PII S1097276504007129
    • I.A. Manke, A. Nguyen, D. Lim, M.Q. Stewart, A.E. Elia, and M.B. Yaffe MAPKAP kinase-2 is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that regulates the G2/M transition and S phase progression in response to UV irradiation Mol. Cell 17 2005 37 48 (Pubitemid 40075363)
    • (2005) Molecular Cell , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-48
    • Manke, I.A.1    Nguyen, A.2    Lim, D.3    Stewart, M.Q.4    Elia, A.E.H.5    Yaffe, M.B.6
  • 43
    • 33846821915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53-Deficient Cells Rely on ATM- and ATR-Mediated Checkpoint Signaling through the p38MAPK/MK2 Pathway for Survival after DNA Damage
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.024, PII S1535610806003825
    • H.C. Reinhardt, A.S. Aslanian, J.A. Lees, and M.B. Yaffe p53-Deficient cells rely on ATM- and ATR-mediated checkpoint signaling through the p38MAPK/MK2 pathway for survival after DNA damage Cancer Cell 11 2007 175 189 (Pubitemid 46209849)
    • (2007) Cancer Cell , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-189
    • Reinhardt, H.C.1    Aslanian, A.S.2    Lees, J.A.3    Yaffe, M.B.4
  • 44
    • 28644436520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural insight into poly(A) binding and catalytic mechanism of human PARN
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600869
    • M. Wu, M. Reuter, H. Lilie, Y. Liu, E. Wahle, and H. Song Structural insight into poly(A) binding and catalytic mechanism of human PARN EMBO J. 24 2005 4082 4093 (Pubitemid 41752877)
    • (2005) EMBO Journal , vol.24 , Issue.23 , pp. 4082-4093
    • Wu, M.1    Reuter, M.2    Lilie, H.3    Liu, Y.4    Wahle, E.5    Song, H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.