Structures and molecular forms of the ghrelin-family peptides

Peptides

Volumn 32, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2175-2182

  Nishi, Yoshihiro ^a   Yoh, Junko ^a   Hiejima, Hiroshi ^a   Kojima, Masayasu ^b  

^a KURUME UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b KURUME UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Acyl ghrelin; Decanoyl ghrelin; Ghrelin gene derived products; Ghrelin associated peptides; Posttranslational processing and acylation

Indexed keywords

DES ACYL GHRELIN; GHRELIN; OBESTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

DNA MODIFICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW;

ACYLATION; ACYLTRANSFERASES; ALTERNATIVE SPLICING; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; CALCIUM; GHRELIN; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; RECEPTORS, GHRELIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMACH;

MUS; RATTUS;

EID: 81755184320     PISSN: 01969781     EISSN: 18735169     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.024     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. A.S. Bang, S.G. Soule, T.G. Yandle, A.M. Richards, and C.J. Pemberton Characterisation of proghrelin peptides in mammalian tissue and plasma J Endocrinol 192 2007 313 323
2. M.A. Bednarek, S.D. Feighner, S.S. Pong, K.K. McKee, D.L. Hreniuk, and M.V. Silva Structure-function studies on the new growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin: minimal sequence of ghrelin necessary for activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a J Med Chem 43 2000 4370 4376
3. C. Chollet, K. Meyer, and A.G. Beck-Sickinger Ghrelin - a novel generation of anti-obesity drug: design, pharmacomodulation and biological activity of ghrelin analogues J Pept Sci 15 2009 711 730
4. P.M. Conn, and C.Y. Bowers A new receptor for growth hormone-release peptide Science 273 1996 923
5. C. De Vriese, F. Gregoire, R. Lema-Kisoka, M. Waelbroeck, P. Robberecht, and C. Delporte Ghrelin degradation by serum and tissue homogenates: identification of the cleavage sites Endocrinology 145 2004 4997 5005
6. C. De Vriese, M. Hacquebard, F. Gregoire, Y. Carpentier, and C. Delporte Ghrelin interacts with human plasma lipoproteins Endocrinology 148 2007 2355 2362
7. J.C. Dickin, T.D. Thue, and F.C. Buchanan An alternative splice site in ghrelin is missing in ruminants Anim Genet 35 2004 411 412
8. E.M. Egido, R. Hernandez, J. Marco, and R.A. Silvestre Effect of obestatin on insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion in the perfused rat pancreas Regul Pept 152 2009 61 66
9. G. Gourcerol, and Y. Tache Obestatin - a ghrelin-associated peptide that does not hold its promise to suppress food intake and motility Neurogastroenterol Motil 19 2007 161 165
10. R. Granata, F. Settanni, D. Gallo, L. Trovato, L. Biancone, and V. Cantaluppi Obestatin promotes survival of pancreatic beta-cells and human islets and induces expression of genes involved in the regulation of beta-cell mass and function Diabetes 57 2008 967 979
11. R. Granata, M. Volante, F. Settanni, C. Gauna, C. Ghe, and M. Annunziata Unacylated ghrelin and obestatin increase islet cell mass and prevent diabetes in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats J Mol Endocrinol 45 2010 9 17
12. J.A. Gutierrez, P.J. Solenberg, D.R. Perkins, J.A. Willency, M.D. Knierman, and Z. Jin Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 6320 6325
13. H. Hiejima, Y. Nishi, H. Hosoda, J. Yoh, H. Mifune, and M. Satou Regional distribution and the dynamics of n-decanoyl ghrelin, another acyl-form of ghrelin, upon fasting in rodents Regul Pept 156 2009 47 56
14. B. Holst, K.L. Egerod, E. Schild, S.P. Vickers, S. Cheetham, and L.O. Gerlach GPR39 signaling is stimulated by zinc ions but not by obestatin Endocrinology 148 2007 13 20
15. H. Hosoda, K. Doi, N. Nagaya, H. Okumura, E. Nakagawa, and M. Enomoto Optimum collection and storage conditions for ghrelin measurements: octanoyl modification of ghrelin is rapidly hydrolyzed to desacyl ghrelin in blood samples Clin Chem 50 2004 1077 1080
16. H. Hosoda, M. Kojima, H. Matsuo, and K. Kangawa Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin: two major forms of rat ghrelin peptide in gastrointestinal tissue Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279 2000 909 913
17. H. Hosoda, M. Kojima, H. Matsuo, and K. Kangawa Purification and characterization of rat des-Gln14-Ghrelin, a second endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor J Biol Chem 275 2000 21995 22000
18. H. Hosoda, M. Kojima, T. Mizushima, S. Shimizu, and K. Kangawa Structural divergence of human ghrelin. Identification of multiple ghrelin-derived molecules produced by post-translational processing J Biol Chem 278 2003 64 70
19. T. Ida, M. Miyazato, X.Z. Lin, H. Kaiya, T. Sato, and K. Nakahara Purification and characterization of caprine ghrelin and its effect on growth hormone release J Mol Neurosci 42 2010 99 105
20. T. Ida, M. Miyazato, K. Naganobu, K. Nakahara, M. Sato, and X.Z. Lin Purification and characterization of feline ghrelin and its possible role Domest Anim Endocrinol 32 2007 93 105
21. Y. Ishida, S. Sakahara, C. Tsutsui, H. Kaiya, I. Sakata, and S. Oda Identification of ghrelin in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus): cDNA cloning, peptide purification and tissue distribution Peptides 30 2009 982 990
22. P.L. Jeffery, R.P. Duncan, A.H. Yeh, R.A. Jaskolski, D.S. Hammond, and A.C. Herington Expression of the ghrelin axis in the mouse: an exon 4-deleted mouse proghrelin variant encodes a novel C terminal peptide Endocrinology 146 2005 432 440
23. P.L. Jeffery, R.E. Murray, A.H. Yeh, J.F. McNamara, R.P. Duncan, and G.D. Francis Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines Endocr Relat Cancer 12 2005 839 850
24. H. Kaiya, M. Kojima, H. Hosoda, A. Koda, K. Yamamoto, and Y. Kitajima Bullfrog ghrelin is modified by n-octanoic acid at its third threonine residue J Biol Chem 276 2001 40441 40448
25. H. Kaiya, M. Kojima, H. Hosoda, S. Moriyama, A. Takahashi, and H. Kawauchi Peptide purification, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and genomic DNA cloning, and functional characterization of ghrelin in rainbow trout Endocrinology 144 2003 5215 5226
26. H. Kaiya, M. Kojima, H. Hosoda, L.G. Riley, T. Hirano, and E.G. Grau Identification of tilapia ghrelin and its effects on growth hormone and prolactin release in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 135 2003 421 429
27. H. Kaiya, M. Miyazato, K. Kangawa, R.E. Peter, and S. Unniappan Ghrelin: a multifunctional hormone in non-mammalian vertebrates Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 149 2008 109 128
28. H. Kaiya, I. Sakata, K. Yamamoto, A. Koda, T. Sakai, and K. Kangawa Identification of immunoreactive plasma and stomach ghrelin, and expression of stomach ghrelin mRNA in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Gen Comp Endocrinol 148 2006 236 244
29. N. Kanamoto, T. Akamizu, T. Tagami, Y. Hataya, K. Moriyama, and K. Takaya Genomic structure and characterization of the 5′-flanking region of the human ghrelin gene Endocrinology 145 2004 4144 4153
30. R.D. Kineman, M.D. Gahete, and R.M. Luque Identification of a mouse ghrelin gene transcript that contains intron 2 and is regulated in the pituitary and hypothalamus in response to metabolic stress J Mol Endocrinol 38 2007 511 521
31. H. Kirchner, J.A. Gutierrez, P.J. Solenberg, P.T. Pfluger, T.A. Czyzyk, and J.A. Willency GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balance Nat Med 15 2009 741 745
32. M. Kishimoto, Y. Okimura, H. Nakata, T. Kudo, G. Iguchi, and Y. Takahashi Cloning and characterization of the 5′-flanking region of the human ghrelin gene Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305 2003 186 192
33. M. Kojima, H. Hosoda, Y. Date, M. Nakazato, H. Matsuo, and K. Kangawa Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach Nature 402 1999 656 660
34. M. Kojima, T. Ida, and T. Sato Structure of mammalian and nonmammalian ghrelins Vitam Horm 77 2008 31 46
35. M. Kojima, and K. Kangawa Ghrelin: from gene to physiological function Results Probl Cell Differ 50 2010 185 205
36. M. Kojima, and K. Kangawa Ghrelin: structure and function Physiol Rev 85 2005 495 522
37. R. Kumar, A. Salehi, J.F. Rehfeld, P. Hoglund, E. Lindstrom, and R. Hakanson Proghrelin peptides: desacyl ghrelin is a powerful inhibitor of acylated ghrelin, likely to impair physiological effects of acyl ghrelin but not of obestatin A study of pancreatic polypeptide secretion from mouse islets Regul Pept 164 2010 65 70
38. E. Lauwers, B. Landuyt, L. Arckens, L. Schoofs, and W. Luyten Obestatin does not activate orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 351 2006 21 25
39. M. Matsumoto, H. Hosoda, Y. Kitajima, N. Morozumi, Y. Minamitake, and S. Tanaka Structure-activity relationship of ghrelin: pharmacological study of ghrelin peptides Biochem Biophys Res Commun 287 2001 142 146
40. M. Matsumoto, Y. Kitajima, T. Iwanami, Y. Hayashi, S. Tanaka, and Y. Minamitake Structural similarity of ghrelin derivatives to peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284 2001 655 659
41. M. Mizutani, K. Atsuchi, A. Asakawa, N. Matsuda, M. Fujimura, and A. Inui Localization of acyl ghrelin- and des-acyl ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in the rat stomach and their responses to intragastric pH Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297 2009 G974 G980
42. H. Ni, P. Walia, and J.P. Chanoine Ontogeny of acylated ghrelin degradation in the rat Peptides 31 2010 301 306
43. Y. Nishi, H. Hiejima, H. Hosoda, H. Kaiya, K. Mori, and Y. Fukue Ingested medium-chain fatty acids are directly utilized for the acyl modification of ghrelin Endocrinology 146 2005 2255 2264
44. Y. Nishi, H. Hiejima, H. Mifune, T. Sato, K. Kangawa, and M. Kojima Developmental changes in the pattern of ghrelin's acyl modification and the levels of acyl-modified ghrelins in murine stomach Endocrinology 146 2005 2709 2715
45. H. Ohgusu, K. Shirouzu, Y. Nakamura, Y. Nakashima, T. Ida, and T. Sato Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) has a preference for n-hexanoyl-CoA over n-octanoyl-CoA as an acyl donor Biochem Biophys Res Commun 386 2009 153 158
46. M. Patterson, K.G. Murphy, C.W. le Roux, M.A. Ghatei, and S.R. Bloom Characterization of ghrelin-like immunoreactivity in human plasma J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 2005 2205 2211
47. C. Pemberton, P. Wimalasena, T. Yandle, S. Soule, and M. Richards C-terminal pro-ghrelin peptides are present in the human circulation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 310 2003 567 573
48. S. Perboni, and A. Inui Appetite and gastrointestinal motility: role of ghrelin-family peptides Clin Nutr 29 2010 227 234
49. L.G. Riley, B.K. Fox, H. Kaiya, T. Hirano, and E.G. Grau Long-term treatment of ghrelin stimulates feeding, fat deposition, and alters the GH/IGF-I axis in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Gen Comp Endocrinol 142 2005 234 240
50. A. Romero, H. Kirchner, K. Heppner, P.T. Pfluger, M.H. Tschop, and R. Nogueiras GOAT: the master switch for the ghrelin system? Eur J Endocrinol 163 2010 1 8
51. M. Satou, Y. Nishi, J. Yoh, Y. Hattori, and H. Sugimoto Identification and characterization of acyl-protein thioesterase 1/lysophospholipase I as a ghrelin deacylation/lysophospholipid hydrolyzing enzyme in fetal bovine serum and conditioned medium Endocrinology 151 2010 4765 4775
52. S.E. Schwandt, S.C. Peddu, and L.G. Riley Differential roles for octanoylated and decanoylated ghrelins in regulating appetite and metabolism Int J Pept 2010 2010
53. I. Seim, A.C. Herington, and L.K. Chopin New insights into the molecular complexity of the ghrelin gene locus Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 20 2009 297 304
54. Y. Shanado, M. Kometani, H. Uchiyama, S. Koizumi, and N. Teno Lysophospholipase I identified as a ghrelin deacylation enzyme in rat stomach Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325 2004 1487 1494
55. J.B. Soares, and A.F. Leite-Moreira Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin: three pieces of the same puzzle Peptides 29 2008 1255 1270
56. A. Stengel, D. Keire, M. Goebel, L. Evilevitch, B. Wiggins, and Y. Tache The RAPID method for blood processing yields new insight in plasma concentrations and molecular forms of circulating gut peptides Endocrinology 150 2009 5113 5118
57. H. Suzuki, T. Masaoka, H. Hosoda, T. Ota, Y. Minegishi, and S. Nomura Helicobacter pylori infection modifies gastric and plasma ghrelin dynamics in Mongolian gerbils Gut 53 2004 187 194
58. M. Tanaka, Y. Hayashida, N. Nakao, N. Nakai, and K. Nakashima Testis-specific and developmentally induced expression of a ghrelin gene-derived transcript that encodes a novel polypeptide in the mouse Biochim Biophys Acta 1522 2001 62 65
59. S.Q. Tang, Q.Y. Jiang, Y.L. Zhang, X.T. Zhu, G. Shu, and P. Gao Obestatin: its physicochemical characteristics and physiological functions Peptides 29 2008 639 645
60. M. Yamato, I. Sakata, R. Wada, H. Kaiya, and T. Sakai Exogenous administration of octanoic acid accelerates octanoylated ghrelin production in the proventriculus of neonatal chicks Biochem Biophys Res Commun 333 2005 583 589
61. J. Yang, M.S. Brown, G. Liang, N.V. Grishin, and J.L. Goldstein Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone Cell 132 2008 387 396
62. J. Yang, T.J. Zhao, J.L. Goldstein, and M.S. Brown Inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 10750 10755
63. A.H. Yeh, P.L. Jeffery, R.P. Duncan, A.C. Herington, and L.K. Chopin Ghrelin and a novel preproghrelin isoform are highly expressed in prostate cancer and ghrelin activates mitogen-activated protein kinase in prostate cancer Clin Cancer Res 11 2005 8295 8303
64. J. Yoh, Y. Nishi, H. Hosoda, Y. Tajiri, K. Yamada, and T. Yanase Plasma levels of n-decanoyl ghrelin, another acyl- and active-form of ghrelin, in human subjects and the effect of glucose- or meal-ingestion on its dynamics Regul Pept 167 2011 140 148
65. J.V. Zhang, H. Jahr, C.W. Luo, C. Klein, K. Van Kolen, and L. Ver Donck Obestatin induction of early-response gene expression in gastrointestinal and adipose tissues and the mediatory role of G protein-coupled receptor, GPR39 Mol Endocrinol 22 2008 1464 1475
66. J.V. Zhang, P.G. Ren, O. Avsian-Kretchmer, C.W. Luo, R. Rauch, and C. Klein Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake Science 310 2005 996 999
67. X. Zhu, Y. Cao, K. Voogd, and D.F. Steiner On the processing of proghrelin to ghrelin J Biol Chem 281 2006 38867 38870