Dynamic population structure and the evolution of spider mating systems

Advances in Insect Physiology

Volumn 41, Issue , 2011, Pages 65-114

  Elias, Damian O ^a   Andrade, Maydianne C B ^b   Kasumovic, Michael M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Demography; Dynamic selection; Experience dependent; Female choice; Genitalia; Life history; Male male competition; Phenotypic plasticity; Sex ratio; Sexual selection; Spider; Variation

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054117558     PISSN: 00652806     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-415919-8.00002-1     Document Type: Article

References (344)

1. Agnarsson I. Sharing a web-on the relation of sociality and kleptoparasitism in theridiid spiders (Theridiidae, Araneae). J. Arachnol. 2002, 30:181-188.
2. Aisenberg A. Male performance and body size affect female re-mating occurrence in the orb-web spider Leucauge mariana (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Ethology 2009, 115:1127-1136.
3. Aisenberg A., Costa F.G. Females mated without sperm transfer maintain high sexual receptivity in the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa. Ethology 2005, 111:545-558.
4. Aisenberg A., Costa F.G. Reproductive isolation and sex-role reversal in two sympatric sand-dwelling wolf spiders of the genus Allocosa. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 2008, 86:648-658.
5. Aisenberg A., Eberhard W.G. Female cooperation in plug formation in a spider: effects of male copulatory courtship. Behav. Ecol. 2009, 20(6):1236-1241.
6. Aisenberg A., Viera C., Costa F. Daring females, devoted males, and reversed sexual size dimorphism in the sand-dwelling spider Allocosa brasiliensis (Araneae, Lycosidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2007, 62:29-35.
7. Aisenberg A., Gonzalez M., Laborda Ã.l., Postiglioni R., Sima M. Reversed cannibalism, foraging, and surface activities of Allocosa alticeps and Allocosa brasiliensis: two wolf spiders from coastal sand dunes. J. Arachnol. 2009, 37:135-138.
8. Aisenberg A., Baruffaldi L., González M. Behavioural evidence of male volatile pheromones in the sex-role reversed wolf spiders; Allocosa brasiliensis and Allocosa alticeps. Naturwissenschaften 2010, 97:63-70.
9. Alcock J. Post-insemination associations between males and females in insects: the mate-guarding hypothesis. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1994, 39:1-21.
10. Anava A., Lubin Y. Presence of gender cues in the web of a widow spider, Latrodectus revivensis, and a description of courtship behavior. Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 1993, 9:119-122.
11. Anderson J.T., Morse D.H. Pick-up lines: cues used by male crab spiders to find reproductive females. Behav. Ecol. 2001, 12:360-366.
12. Andrade M.C.B. Sexual selection for male sacrifice in the Australian redback spider. Science 1996, 271:70-72.
13. Andrade M.C.B. Risky mate search and male self-sacrifice in redback spiders. Behav. Ecol. 2003, 14:531-538.
14. Andrade M.C.B., Banta E.M. Value of male remating and functional sterility in redback spiders. Anim. Behav. 2002, 63:857-870.
15. Andrade M.C.B., Kasumovic M.M. Terminal investment strategies and male mate choice: extreme tests of Bateman. Integr. Comp. Biol. 2005, 45:838-847.
16. Arnott G., Elwood R.W. Assessment of fighting ability in animal contests. Anim. Behav. 2009, 77:991-1004.
17. Arnqvist G.R., Henriksson S. Sexual cannibalism in the fishing spider and a model for the evolution of sexual cannibalism based on genetic constraints. Evol. Ecol. 1997, 11:255-273.
18. Austad S.N. A game theoretical interpretation of male combat in the bowl and doily spider (Frontinella pyramitela). Anim. Behav. 1983, 31:59-73.
19. Austad S.N. Evolution of sperm priority patterns in spiders. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems 1984, 223-249. Academic Press, London. R.L. Smith (Ed.).
20. Barth F.G. The vibrational sense of spiders. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research 1998, 228-278. Springer, New York. R.R. Hoy, A.N. Popper, R.R. Fay (Eds.).
21. Barth F.G. A Spider's World: Senses and Behavior 2002, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
22. Baruffaldi L., Costa F. Changes in male sexual responses from silk cues of females at different reproductive states in the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa. J. Ethol. 2010, 28:75-85.
23. Baruffaldi L., Costa F., Rodríguez A., González A. Chemical communication in Schizocosa malitiosa: evidence of a female contact sex pheromone and persistence in the field. J. Chem. Ecol. 2010, 36:759-767.
24. Bateman A.J. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 1948, 2:349-368.
25. Becker E., Riechert S., Singer F. Male induction of female quiescence/catalepsis during courtship in the spider, Agelenopsis aperta. Behaviour 2005, 142:57-70.
26. Bel-Venner M.C., Venner S. Mate-guarding strategies and male competitive ability in an orb-weaving spider: results from a field study. Anim. Behav. 2006, 71:1315-1322.
27. Bel-Venner M.C., Dray S., Allaine D., Menu F., Venner S. Unexpected male choosiness for mates in a spider. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2008, 275:77-82.
28. Berrigan D.M., Scheiner S.M. Modelling the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic Plasticity: Functional and Conceptual Approaches 2004, 82-97. Oxford University Press, Oxford. T.J. DeWitt, S.M. Scheiner (Eds.).
29. Bilde T., Lubin Y. Group living in spiders: cooperative breeding and coloniality. Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility 2011, 275-307. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.E. Herberstein (Ed.).
30. Bonaric J.C., Dereggi M. Changes in ecdysone levels in the spider Pisaura mirabilis nymphs (Araneae, Pisauridae). Experientia 1977, 33:1664-1665.
31. Bonte D., Lens L. Heritability of spider ballooning motivation under different wind velocities. Evol. Ecol. Res. 2007, 9:817-827.
32. Bonte D., Bossuyt B., Lens L. Aerial dispersal plasticity under different wind velocities in a salt marsh wolf spider. Behav. Ecol. 2007, 18:438-443.
33. Buddle C.M. Life history of Pardosa moesta and Pardosa mackenziana (Araneae, Lycosidae) in central Alberta, Canada. J. Arachnol. 2000, 28:319-328.
34. Bukowski T.C., Christenson T.E. Determinants of mating frequency in the spiny orbweaving spider, Micrathena gracilis (Araneae: Araneidae). J. Insect Behav. 2000, 13:331-352.
35. Bukowski T.C., Linn C.D., Christenson T.E. Copulation and sperm release in Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneae: Araneidae): differential male behaviour based on female mating history. Anim. Behav. 2001, 62:887-895.
36. Burger M. Sperm dumping in a haplogyne spider. J. Zool. 2007, 273:74-81.
37. Burger M. Female genitalia of goblin spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Oonopidae): a morphological study with functional implications. Invert. Biol. 2009, 128:340-358.
38. Burger M. Complex female genitalia indicate sperm dumping in armored goblin spiders (Arachnids, Araneae, Oonopidae). Zoology 2010, 113:19-32.
39. Burger M., Kropf C. Genital morphology of the haplogyne spider Harpactea lepida (Arachnida, Araneae, Dysderidae). Zoomorphology 2007, 126:45-52.
40. Burger M., Michalik P. The male genital system of goblin spiders: evidence for the monophyly of Oonopidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Am. Museum Novitates 2010, 3675:1-13.
41. Burger M., Graber W., Michalik P., Kropf C. Silhouettella loricatula (Arachnida, Araneae, Oonopidae): a haplogyne spider with complex female genitalia. J. Morphol. 2006, 267:663-677.
42. Burger M., Izquierdo M., Carrera P. Female genital morphology and mating behavior of Orchestina (Arachnida: Araneae: Oonopidae). Zoology 2010, 113:100-109.
43. Burley N. The meaning of assortative mating. Ethol. Sociobiol. 1983, 4:191-203.
44. Calbacho-Rosa L., Cordoba-Aguilar A., Peretti A.V. Occurrence and duration of post-copulatory mate guarding in a spider with last sperm precedence. Behaviour 2010, 147:1267-1283.
45. Chinta S.P., Goller S., Lux J., Funke S., Uhl G., Schulz S. The sex pheromone of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49:2033-2036.
46. Chmiel K., Herberstein M.E., Elgar M.A. Web damage and feeding experience influence web site tenacity in the orb-web spider Argiope keyserlingi Karsch. Anim. Behav. 2000, 60:821-826.
47. Christenson T.E., Brown S.G., Wenzl P.A., Hill E.M., Goist K.C. Mating behavior of the golden-orb-weaving spider, Nephila clavipes: I. Female receptivity and male courtship. J. Comp. Psychol. 1985, 99:160-166.
48. Clark R.J., Jackson R.R. Dragline-mediated sex recognition in two species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae), Portia labiata and P. fimbriata. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 1995, 7:73-77.
49. Clutton-Brock T.H., Rose K.E., Guinness F.E. Density-related changes in sexual selection in red deer. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1997, 264:1509-1516.
50. Coddington J.A., Levi H.W. Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1991, 22:565-592.
51. Crespi B.J. Causes of assortative mating in anthropods. Anim. Behav. 1989, 38:980-1000.
52. Cross F.R., Jackson R.R. Mate-odour identification by both sexes of Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider. Behav. Process. 2009, 81:74-79.
53. Cross F.R., Jackson R.R. The attentive spider: search-image use by a mosquito-eating predator. Ethology 2010, 116:240-247.
54. Cross F.R., Jackson R.R., Pollard S.D. Male and female mate-choice decisions by Evarcha culicivora, an east African jumping spider. Ethology 2007, 113:901-908.
55. Cross F.R., Jackson R.R., Pollad S.D. Complex display behaviour of Evarcha culicivora, an East African mosquito-eating jumping spider. N. Z. J. Zool. 2008, 35:151-187.
56. De Mas E., Ribera C., Moya-Larano J. Resurrecting the differential mortality model of sexual size dimorphism. J. Evol. Biol. 2009, 22:1739-1749.
57. De Meester N., Bonte D. Information use and density-dependent emigration in an agrobiont spider. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:992-998.
58. Dodson G.N., Beck M.W. Pre-copulatory guarding of penultimate females by male crab spiders, Misumenoides formosipes. Anim. Behav. 1993, 46:951-959.
59. Dodson G.N., Schwaab A.T. Body size, leg autotomy, and prior experience as factors in the fighting success of male Crab Spiders, Misumenoides formosipes. J. Insect Behav. 2001, 14:841-855.
60. Dreiss A.N., Cote J., Richard M., Federici P., Clobert J. Age-and sex-specific response to population density and sex ratio. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:356-364.
61. Dugatkin L.A. Sexual selection and imitation: females copy the mate choice of others. Am. Nat. 1992, 139:1384-1389.
62. Dukas R. Evolutionary biology of insect learning. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2007, 53:145-160.
63. Eberhard W.G. Notes on the natural history and ecology of Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 1992, 9:38-42.
64. Eberhard W.G. Why study spider sex: special traits of spiders facilitate studies of sperm competition and cryptic female choice. J. Arachnol. 2004, 32:545-556.
65. Eberhard W.G., Huber B.A. Spider genitalia: precise maneuvers with a numb structure in a complex lock. Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford. J.L. Leanord, A. Cordoba-Aguilar (Eds.).
66. Elgar M.A. Kleptoparasitism-a cost of aggregating for an orb-weaving spider. Anim. Behav. 1989, 37:1052-1055.
67. Elgar M. Sexual cannibalism, size dimorphism, and courtship behavior in orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae). Evolution 1991, 45:444-448.
68. Elgar M.A. Sexual cannibalism, size dimorphism and courtship behavior in orb-weaving spiders (Araneae). Evolution 1991, 45:444-448.
69. Elgar M. Sexual cannibalism in spiders and other invertebrates. Cannibalism: Ecology and Evolution Among Diverse Taxa 1992, 128-155. Oxford University Press, Oxford. M. Elgar, B. Crespi (Eds.).
70. Elgar M. Sperm competition and sexual selection in spiders and other arachnids. Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection 1998, 307-332. Academic Press, Cambridge. T.R. Birkhead, A.P. Moller (Eds.).
71. Elgar M.A., Fahey B.F. Sexual cannibalism, competition, and size dimorphism in the orb-weaving spider Nephila plumipes Latreille (Araneae: Araneoidea). Behav. Ecol. 1996, 7:195-198.
72. Elgar M.A., Schneider J.M., Herberstein M.E. Female control of paternity in the sexually cannibalistic spider Argiope keyserlingi. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2000, 267:2439-2443.
73. Elias D.O., Mason A.C. Signaling in variable environments: substrate-borne signaling mechanisms and communication behavior in spiders. The Use of Vibrations in Communication: Properties, Mechanisms and Function Across Taxa 2011, Research Signpost, Kerala. C. O'Connel-Rodwell (Ed.).
74. Elias D.O., Mason A.C., Hoy R.R. The effect of substrate on the efficacy of seismic courtship signal transmission in the jumping spider Habronattus dossenus (Araneae: Salticidae). J. Exp. Biol. 2004, 207:4105-4110.
75. Elias D.O., Kasumovic M.M., Punzalan D., Andrade M.C.B., Mason A.C. Assessment during aggressive contests between male jumping spiders. Anim. Behav. 2008, 76:901-910.
76. Elias D.O., Mason A.C., Hebets E.A. A signal-substrate match in the substrate-borne component of a multimodal courtship display. Curr. Zool. 2010, 56:370-378.
77. Elias D.O., Sivalinghem S., Mason A.C., Andrade M.C.B., Kasumovic M.M. Vibratory communication in the jumping spider Phidippus clarus: substrate-borne courtship signals are important for male mating success. Ethology 2010, 116:990-998.
78. Emlen S.T., Oring L.W. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 1977, 197:215-223.
79. Erez T., Schneider J.M., Lubin Y. Is male cohabitation costly for females of the spider Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae)?. Ethology 2005, 111:693-704.
80. Fernandez-Montraveta C., Moya-Larano J. Sex-specific plasticity of growth and maturation size in a spider: implications for sexual size dimorphism. J. Evol. Biol. 2007, 20:1689-1699.
81. Fernandez-Montraveta C., Ruano-Bellido J. Female silk and mate attraction in a burrowing wolf-spider (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 2000, 11:361-366.
82. Foelix R. Biology of Spiders 1982, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
83. Foelix R.F. The Biology of Spiders 1996, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York.
84. Foellmer M.W., Fairbairn D.J. Spontaneous male death during copulation in an orb-weaving spider. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2003, 270:S183-S185.
85. Folz H.C., Wilder S.M., Persons M.H., Rypstra A.L. Effects of predation risk on vertical habitat use and foraging of Pardosa milvina. Ethology 2006, 112:1152-1158.
86. Forster L. The behavioural ecology of Latrodectus hasselti (Thorell), the Australian redback spider (Araneae: Theridiidae): a review. Rec. Western Aust. Museum Suppl. 1995, 52:13-24.
87. Framenau V.W. Gender specific differences in activity and home range reflect morphological dimorphism in wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:334-346.
88. Framenau V.W., Elgar M.A. Cohort dependent life-history traits in a wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae) with a bimodal life cycle. J. Zool. 2005, 265:179-188.
89. Fromhage L., Uhl G., Schneider J. Fitness consequences of sexual cannibalism in female Argiope bruennichi. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2003, 55:60-64.
90. Fromhage L., Elgar M.A., Schneider J.M. Faithful without care: the evolution of monogyny. Evolution 2005, 59:1400-1405.
91. Fromhage L., McNamara J.M., Houston A.I. A model for the evolutionary maintenance of monogyny in spiders. J. Theor. Biol. 2008, 250:524-531.
92. Garland T., Kelly S.A. Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution. J. Exp. Biol. 2006, 209:2344-2361.
93. Gaskett A.C. Spider sex pheromones: emission, reception, structures, and functions. Biol. Rev. 2007, 82:26-48.
94. Gaskett A.C., Herberstein M.E., Downes B.J., Elgar M.A. Changes in male mate choice in a sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Behaviour 2004, 141:1197-1210.
95. Gibson J.S., Uetz G.W. Seismic communication and mate choice in wolf spiders: components of male seismic signals and mating success. Anim. Behav. 2008, 75:1253-1262.
96. Gwynne D.T. Role-reversal in katydids: habitat influences reproductive behaviour (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Metaballus sp.). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1985, 16:355-361.
97. Gwynne D.T., Bailey W.J., Annells A. The sex in short supply for matings varies over small spatial scales in a katydid Kawanaphilanartee, Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1998, 42:157-162.
98. Hack M.A., Thompson D.J., Fernandes D.M. Fighting in males of the autumn spider, Metellina segmentata: effects of relative body size, prior residency and female value on contest outcome and duration. Ethology 1997, 103:488-498.
99. Harari A.R., Ziv M., Lubin Y. Conflict or cooperation in the courtship display of the white widow spider, Latrodectus pallidus. J. Arachnol. 2009, 37:254-260.
100. Hauber M. Conspicuous colouration attracts prey to a stationary predator. Ecol. Entomol. 2002, 27:686-691.
101. Hebets E.A. Subadult experience influences adult mate choice in an arthropod: exposed female wolf spiders prefer males of a familiar phenotype. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:13390-13395.
102. Hebets E.A. Attention-altering signal interactions in the multimodal courtship display of the wolf spider Schizocosa uetzi. Behav. Ecol. 2005, 16:75-82.
103. Hebets E.A. Subadult female experience does not influence species recognition in the wolf spider Schizocosa uetzi Stratton 1997. J. Arachnol. 2007, 35:1-10.
104. Hebets E.A., Papaj D.R. Complex signal function: developing a framework of testable hypotheses. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2005, 57:197-214.
105. Hebets E.A., Uetz G.W. Leg ornamentation and the efficacy of courtship display in four species of wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2000, 47:280-286.
106. Hebets E.A., Vink C.J. Experience leads to preference: experienced females prefer brush-legged males in a population of syntopic wolf spiders. Behav. Ecol. 2007, 18:1010-1020.
107. Hebets E.A., Cuasay K., Rivlin P.K. The role of visual ornamentation in female choice of a multimodal male courtship display. Ethology 2006, 112:1062-1070.
108. Hebets E.A., Elias D.O., Mason A.C., Miller G.L., Stratton G.E. Substrate-dependent signalling success in the wolf spider, Schizocosa retrorsa. Anim. Behav. 2008, 75:605-615.
109. Heiling A.M., Chittka L., Cheng K., Herberstein M.E. Colouration in crab spiders: substrate choice and prey attraction. J. Exp. Biol. 2005, 208:1785-1792.
110. Henschel J.R. Long-distance wandering and mating by the dancing white lady spider (Leucorchestris arenicola) (Araneae, Sparassidae) across Namib dunes. J. Arachnol. 2002, 30:321-330.
111. Herberstein M.E., Elgar M.A. Foraging strategies of Eriophora transmarina and Nephila plumipes (Aranea: Araneoida): nocturnal and diurnal orb-weaving spiders. Aust. J. Ecol. 1994, 19:451-457.
112. Herberstein M.E., Fleisch A. Effect of abiotic factors on the foraging strategy of the orb-web spider Argiope keyserlingi (Araneae: Araneidae). Austral Ecol. 2003, 28:622-628.
113. Herberstein M.E., Tso I. Spider webs: evolution, diversity, and plasticity. Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility 2011, 57-99. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.E. Herberstein (Ed.).
114. Herberstein M.E., Schneider J.M., Elgar M.A. Costs of courtship and mating in a sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider: female mating strategies and their consequences for males. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2002, 51:440-446.
115. Herberstein M.E., Barry K.L., Turoczy M.A., Wills E., Youssef C., Elgar M.A. Post-copulation mate guarding in the sexually cannibalistic St Andrew's Cross spider (Araneae Araneidae). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 2005, 17:17-26.
116. Herberstein M.E., Gaskett A.C., Schneider J.M., Vella N.G.F., Elgar M.A. Limits to male copulation frequency: sexual cannibalism and sterility in St. Andrew's cross spiders (Aranea, Araneidae). Ethology 2005, 111:1050-1061.
117. Herberstein M.E., Gaskett A.C., Schneider J.M., Vella N.G.F., Elgar M.A. Limits to male copulation frequency: sexual cannibalism and sterility in St Andrew's cross spiders (Araneae, Araneidae). Ethology 2005, 111:1050-1061.
118. Higgins L. Developmental changes in barrier web structure under different levels of predation risk in Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). J. Insect Behav. 1992, 5:635-655.
119. Higgins L., Goodnight C. Nephila clavipes females have accelerating dietary requirements. J. Arachnol. 2010, 38:150-152.
120. Hoefler C.D. Is contest experience a trump card? The interaction of residency status, experience, and body size on fighting success in Misumenoides formosipes (Araneae:Thomisidae). J. Insect Behav. 2002, 15:779-790.
121. Hoefler C.D. Male mate choice and size-assortative pairing in a jumping spider, Phidippus clarus. Anim. Behav. 2007, 73:943-954.
122. Hoefler C.D. The costs of male courtship and the potential benefits of male choice for large mates in Phidippus clarus (Araneae, Salticidae). J. Arachnol. 2008, 36:210-212.
123. Hoefler C.D., Jakob E.M. Jumping spiders in space: movement patterns, nest site fidelity and the use of beacons. Anim. Behav. 2006, 71:109-116.
124. Hoefler C.D., Persons M.H., Rypstra A.L. Evolutionarily costly courtship displays in a wolf spider: a test of viability indicator theory. Behav. Ecol. 2008, 19:974-979.
125. Hoefler C.D., Guhanarayan G., Persons M.H., Rypstra A.L. The interaction of female condition and mating status on male-male aggression in a wolf spider. Ethology 2009, 115:331-338.
126. Hoefler C.D., Moore J.A., Reynolds K.T., Rypstra A.L. The effect of experience on male courtship and mating behaviors in a cellar spider. Am. Midl. Nat. 2010, 163:255-268.
127. Holdsworth A.R., Morse D.H. Mate guarding and aggression by the crab spider Misumena vatia in relation to female reproductive status and sex ratio. Am. Midl. Nat. 2000, 143:201-211.
128. Holler R.L., Persons M.H. Dragline deposition patterns among male and female Hogna helluo (Araneae, Lycosidae) in the presence of chemical cues from prey. J. Arachnol. 2009, 37:97-100.
129. Hsu Y.Y., Earley R.L., Wolf L.L. Modulation of aggressive behaviour by fighting experience: mechanisms and contest outcomes. Biol. Rev. 2006, 81:33-74.
130. Hsu Y., Lee I.H., Lu C.-K. Prior contest information: mechanisms underlying winner and loser effects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2009, 63:1247-1257.
131. Huber B.A. Copulatory mechanism in Holocnemus pluchei and Pholcus opilionoides, with notes on male cheliceral apophyses and stridulatory organs in Pholcidae (Araneae). Acta Zool. 1995, 76:291-300.
132. Huber B.A. Sexual selection in pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae): artful chelicerae and forceful genitalia. J. Arachnol. 1999, 27:135-141.
133. Huber B.A. Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases. Biol. Rev. 2005, 80:231-245.
134. Huber B.A., Eberhard W.G. Courtship, copulation, and genital mechanics in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Can. J. Zool. 1997, 75:905-918.
135. Iida H., Fujisaki K. Seasonal changes in resource allocation within an individual offspring of the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae). Physiol. Entomol. 2007, 32:81-86.
136. Jackson R.R. Courtship versatility in the jumping spider, Phidippus johnsoni (Araneae: Salticidae). Anim. Behav. 1977, 25:953-957.
137. Jackson R.R. Life-history of Phidippus-johnsoni (Araneae-Salticidae). J. Arachnol. 1978, 6:1-29.
138. Jackson R.R. Mating strategy of Phidippus-johnsoni (Araneae, Salticidae). 1. Pursuit time and persistence. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1978, 4:123-132.
139. Jackson R.R. The mating strategy of Phidippus-johnsoni (Araneae, Salticidae). 2. Sperm competition and the function of copulation. J. Arachnol. 1980, 8:217-240.
140. Jackson R.R. The mating strategy of Phidippus johnsoni (Araneae, Salticidae). J. Arachnol. 1980, 8:241-249.
141. Jackson R.R. Relationship between reproductive security and intersexual selection in a jumping spider, Phidippus johnsoni (Araneae: Salticidae). Evolution 1981, 35:601-604.
142. Jackson R.R. Cohabitation of males and juvenile females: a prevalent mating tactic of spiders. J. Nat. Hist. 1986, 20:1193-1210.
143. Jackson R.R. Use of pheromones by males of Phidippus johnsoni (Araneae, Salticidae) to detect subadult females that are about to molt. J. Arachnol. 1986, 14:137-139.
144. Jakob E.M., Porter A.H., Uetz G.W. Site fidelity and the costs of movement among territories: an example from colonial web-building spiders. Can. J. Zool.-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 2001, 79:2094-2100.
145. Jann P., Blanckenhorn W.U., Ward P.I. Temporal and microspatial variation in the intensities of natural and sexual selection in the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria. J. Evol. Biol. 2000, 13:927-938.
146. Jennions M.D., Petrie M. Variation in mate choice and mating preferences: a review of causes and consequences. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 1997, 72:283-327.
147. Jerhot E., Stoltz J.A., Andrade M.C.B., Schulz S. Acylated Serine derivatives: a unique class of arthropod pheromones of the Australian Redback Spider, Latrodectus hasselti. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49:2037-2040.
148. Johnson J.C. Sexual cannibalism in fishing spiders (Dolomedes triton): an evaluation of two explanations for female aggression towards potential mates. Anim. Behav. 2001, 61:905-914.
149. Johnson J.C. Cohabitation of juvenile females with mature males promotes sexual cannibalism in fishing spiders. Behav. Ecol. 2005, 16:269-273.
150. Jones A.G., Arguello J.R., Arnold S.J. Validation of Bateman's principles: a genetic study of sexual selection and mating patterns in the rough-skinned newt. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2002, 269:2533-2539.
151. Kaster J.L., Jakob E.M. Last-male sperm priority in a haplogyne spider (Araneae: Pholcidae): correlations between female morphology and patterns of sperm usage. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1997, 90:254-259.
152. Kasumovic M.M., Andrade M.C.B. Discrimination of airborne pheromones by mate-searching male western black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus): species- and population-specific responses. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 2004, 82:1027-1034.
153. Kasumovic M.M., Andrade M.C.B. Male development tracks rapidly shifting sexual versus natural selection pressures. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16:R242-R243.
154. Kasumovic M.M., Andrade M.C.B. Changes in competitive context reverses sexual selection on male size. J. Evol. Biol. 2009, 22:324-333.
155. Kasumovic M.M., Andrade M.C.B. Plasticity in response to demographic variation may help explain continuous phenotypic variation in nature. Ecology 2009, 90:2287-2296.
156. Kasumovic M.M., Brooks R. It's all who you know: socially-induced developmental plasticity as a mating strategy. Q. Rev. Biol. 2010, In review.
157. Kasumovic M.M., Bruce M.J., Herberstein M.E., Andrade M.C.B. Male mate choice may increase the cost of mate searching in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes). Behav. Ecol. 2007, 18:189-195.
158. Kasumovic M.M., Bruce M.J., Herberstein M.E., Andrade M.C.B. Risky mate search and mate preference in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes). Behav. Ecol. 2007, 18:189-195.
159. Kasumovic M.M., Bruce M., Andrade M.C.B., Herberstein M.E. Spatial and temporal demographic variation drives within-season fluctuations in sexual selection. Evolution 2008, 62:2316-2325.
160. Kasumovic M.M., Bruce M.J., Herberstein M.E., Andrade M.C.B. Evidence for developmental plasticity in response to demographic variation in nature. Ecology 2009, 90:2287-2296.
161. Kasumovic M.M., Elias D.O., Punzalan D., Mason A.C., Andrade M.C.B. Experience affects the outcome of agonistic contests without affecting the selective advantage of size. Anim. Behav. 2009, 77:1533-1538.
162. Kasumovic M.M., Elias D.O., Sivalinghem S., Mason A.C., Andrade M.C.B. Examination of prior contest experience and the retention of winner and loser effects. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:404-409.
163. Kasumovic M.M., Mason A.C., Andrade M.C.B., Elias D.O. The relative importance of RHP and resource quality in contests with ownership asymmetries. Behav. Ecol. 2011, 22:39-45.
164. Keil P.L., Watson P.J. Assessment of self, opponent and resource during male-male contests in the sierra dome spider, Neriene litigiosa: Linyphiidae. Anim. Behav. 2010, 80:809-820.
165. Kiss B., Samu F. Comparison of autumn and winter development of two wolf spider species (Pardosa, Lycosidae, Araneae) having different life history patterns. J. Arachnol. 2002, 30:409-415.
166. Kiss B., Samu F. Life history adaptation to changeable agricultural habitats: developmental plasticity leads to cohort splitting in an agrobiont wolf spider. Environ. Entomol. 2005, 34:619-626.
167. Klein B.A., Bukowski T.C., Aviles L. Male residency and mating patterns in a subsocial spider. J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:703-710.
168. Kleinteich A., Schneider J.M. Evidence for Rensch's rule in an orb-web spider with moderate sexual size dimorphism. Evol. Ecol. Res. 2010, 12:667-683.
169. Knoflach B., Benjamin S.P. Mating without sexual cannibalism in Tidarren sisyphoides (Araneae, Theridiidae). J. Arachnol. 2003, 31:445-448.
170. Knoflach B., Van Harten A. Palpal loss, single palp copulation and obligatory mate consumption in Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren, 1910) (Araneae, Theridiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 2000, 34:1639-1659.
171. Knoflach B., van Harten A. Tidarren argo sp nov (Araneae:Theridiidae) and its exceptional copulatory behaviour: emasculation, male palpal organ as a mating plug and sexual cannibalism. J. Zool. 2001, 254:449-459.
172. Koh T., Seah W., Yap L.-M., Li D. Pheromone-based female mate choice and its effect on reproductive investment in a spitting spider. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2009, 63:923-930.
173. Kotiaho J.S. Testing the assumptions of conditional handicap theory: costs and condition dependence of a sexually selected trait. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2000, 48:188-194.
174. Kotiaho J., Alatalo R.V., Mappes J., Parri S. Sexual selection in a wolf spider: male drumming activity, body size, and viability. Evolution 1996, 50:1977-1981.
175. Kotiaho J., Alatalo R.V., Mappes J., Parri S. Fighting success in relation to body mass and drumming activity in the male wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 1997, 75:1532-1535.
176. Kotiaho J.S., Alatalo R.V., Mappes J., Nielsen M.G., Parri S., Rivero A. Energetic costs of size and sexual signalling in a wolf spider. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1998, 265:2203-2209.
177. Kraus J.M., Morse D.H. Seasonal habitat shift in an intertidal wolf spider: proximal cues associated with migration and substrate preference. J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:110-123.
178. Kuntner M., Coddington J.A., Schneider J.M. Intersexual arms race? Genital coevolution in Nephilid spiders (Araneae, Nephildae). Evolution 2009, 63:1451-1463.
179. Kuntner M., Kralj-Fišer S., Schneider J.M., Li D. Mate plugging via genital mutilation in nephilid spiders: an evolutionary hypothesis. J. Zool. 2009, 277:257-266.
180. Lailvaux S.P., Kasumovic M.M. Defining individual quality over lifetimes and selective contexts. Proc. B Biol. Sci. 2010, 10.1098/rspb.2010.1591.
181. Legrand R., Morse D. Factors driving extreme sexual size dimorphism of a sit-and-wait predator under low density. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2000, 71:643-664.
182. Leimar O., Austad S.N., Enquist M. A test of the sequential assessment game-fighting in the Bowl and Doily spider Frontinella pyramitela. Evolution 1991, 45:862-874.
183. Li D. Hatching responses of subsocial spitting spiders to predation risk. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2002, 269:2155-2161.
184. Li D.Q. The combined effects of temperature and diet on development and survival of a crab spider, Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabricius) (Araneae:Thomisidae). J. Therm. Biol. 2002, 27:83-93.
185. Linn C. The effect of male size on travel ability in the colden orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes: implications for sexual size dimorphism 2001, MSc.
186. Lively C.M. Canalization versus developmental conversion in a spatially-variable environment. Am. Nat. 1986, 128:561-572.
187. Lubin Y., Ellner S., Kotzman M. Web relocation and habitat selection in desert widow spider. Ecology 1993, 74:1916-1928.
188. Lubin Y., Birkhofer K., Berger-Tal R., Bilde T. Limited male dispersal in a social spider with extreme inbreeding. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2009, 97:227-234.
189. Maklakov A.A., Lubin Y. Sexual conflict over mating in a spider: increased fecundity does not compensate for the costs of polyandry. Evolution 2004, 58:1135-1140.
190. Maklakov A.A., Bilde T., Lubin Y. Sexual selection for increased male body size and protandry in a spider. Anim. Behav. 2004, 68:1041-1048.
191. Marshall S.D., Rypstra A.L. Spider competition in structurally simple ecosystems. J. Arachnol. 1999, 27:343-350.
192. Marshall S.D., Pavuk D.M., Rypstra A.L. A comparative study of phenology and daily activity patterns in the wolf spiders Pardosa milvina and Hogna helluo in soybean agroecosystems in southwestern Ohio (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 2002, 30:503-510.
193. Masumoto T. Males' visits to females' webs and female mating receptivity in the spider, Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae). J. Ethol. 1991, 9:1-7.
194. Masumoto T. The effect of the copulatory plug in the funnel-web spider, Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae). J. Arachnol. 1993, 21:55-59.
195. Matter S.F., Roland J. An experimental examination of the effects of habitat quality on the dispersal and local abundance of the butterfly Parnassius smintheus. Ecol. Entomol. 2002, 27:308-316.
196. McCrate A.T., Uetz G.W. Kleptoparasites: a twofold cost of group living for the colonial spider, Metepeira incrassata (Araneae, Araneidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2010, 64:389-399.
197. Michalik P., Knoflach B., Thaler K., Alberti G. Live for the moment-adaptations in the male genital system of a sexually cannibalistic spider (Theridiidae, Araneae). Tissue Cell 2010, 42:32-36.
198. Miller J.A. Repeated evolution of male sacrifice behavior in spiders correlated with genital mutilation. Evolution 2007, 61:1301-1315.
199. Miller G.L., Stratton Gail E., Miller Patricia R., Hebets E. Geographical variation in male courtship behaviour and sexual isolation in wolf spiders of the genus Schizocosa. Anim. Behav. 1998, 56(937):951.
200. Miyashita T., Hayashi H. Volatile chemical cue elicits mating behavior of cohabiting males of Nephila clavata (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). J. Arachnol. 1996, 24:9-15.
201. Molina Y., Christenson T. Effects of mating experience on subsequent reproductive behaviour and sperm release in the spider Nesticodes rufipes. Anim. Behav. 2008, 76:1327-1334.
202. Moore C. Life-cycle, habitat and variation in selected web parameters in spider, Nephila clavipes Koch (Araneidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 1977, 98:95-108.
203. Morse D.H. Male mate choice and female response in relation to mating status and time since mating. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:250-256.
204. Morse D., Fritz R. Experimental and observational studies of patch choice at different scales by the crab spider Misumena vatia. Ecology 1982, 63:172-182.
205. Morse D.H., Hu H.H. Age affects the risk of sexual cannibalism in male crab spiders (Misumena vatia). Am. Midl. Nat. 2004, 151:318-325.
206. Moya-Larano J. Senescence and food limitation in a slowly ageing spider. Funct. Ecol. 2002, 16:734-741.
207. Moya-Laraño J., El-Sayyid M.E.T., Fox C.W. Smaller beetles are better scramble competitors at cooler temperatures. Biol. Lett. 2007, 3:475-478.
208. Nakata K., Ushimaru A. Feeding experience affects web relocation and investment in web threads in an orb-web spider, Cyclosa argenteoalba. Anim. Behav. 1999, 57:1251-1255.
209. Nessler S.H., Uhl G., Schneider J.M. Genital damage in the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae) increases paternity success. Behav. Ecol. 2007, 18:174-181.
210. Nessler S., Uhl G., Schneider J. Sexual cannibalism facilitates genital damage in Argiope lobata (Araneae: Araneidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2009, 63:355-362.
211. Nessler S.H., Uhl G., Schneider J.M. Scent of a woman-the effect of female presence on sexual cannibalism in an orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Ethology 2009, 115:633-640.
212. Newman J.A., Elgar M.A. Sexual cannibalism in orb-weaving spiders: an economic model. Am. Nat. 1991, 138:1372.
213. Nihei N., Yoshida M., Kobayashi M., Kaneta H., Shimamura R., Agui N. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of the distribution of the redback spider Latrodectus hasseltii (Araneae: Theridiadae) in Osaka, Japan. Med. Entomol. Zool. 2003, 54:177-186.
214. Nihei N., Yoshida M., Kaneta H., Shimamura R., Kobayashi M. Analysis on the dispersal pattern of newly introduced Latrodectus hasseltii (Araneae: theridiadae) in Japan by spider diagram. J. Med. Entomol. 2004, 41:269-276.
215. Norton S., Uetz G.W. Mating frequency in Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) wolf spiders: evidence for a mating system with female monandry and male polygyny. J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:16-24.
216. Papke M.D., Riechert S.E., Schulz S. An airborne female pheromone associated with male attraction and courtship in a desert spider. Anim. Behav. 2001, 61:877-886.
217. Persons M.H., Rypstra A.L. Preference for chemical cues associated with recent prey in the wolf spider Hogna helluo (Araneae: Lycosidae). Ethology 2000, 106:27-35.
218. Persons M.H., Uetz G.W. Sexual cannibalism and mate choice decisions in wolf spiders: influence of male size and secondary sexual characters. Anim. Behav. 2005, 69:83-94.
219. Persons M.H., Walker S.E., Rypstra A.L., Marshall S.D. Wolf spider predator avoidance tactics and survival in the presence of diet-associated predator cues (Araneae: Lycosidae). Anim. Behav. 2001, 61:43-51.
220. Persons M.H., Walker S.E., Rypstra A.L. Fitness costs and benefits of antipredator behavior mediated by chemotactile cues in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae). Behav. Ecol. 2002, 13:386-392.
221. Petersen A., Nielsen K.T., Christensen C.B., Toft S. The advantage of starving: success in cannibalistic encounters among wolf spiders. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:1112-1117.
222. Pollard S.D., Beck M.W., Dodson G.N. Why do male crab spiders drink nectar?. Anim. Behav. 1995, 49:1443-1448.
223. Prenter J., Montgomery W.I., Elwood R.W. Sexual dimorphism in northern temperate spiders: implications for the differential mortality model. J. Zool. 1997, 243:341-349.
224. Prenter J., Elwood R.W., Montgomery W.I. No association between sexual size dimorphism and life histories in spiders. Proc. R. Soc. Biol. Sci. B 1998, 265:57-62.
225. Pruden A.J., Uetz G.W. Assessment of potential predation costs of male decoration and courtship display in wolf spiders using video digitization and playback. J. Insect Behav. 2004, 17:67-80.
226. Punzalan D., Rodd F.H., Rowe L. Temporally variable multivariate sexual selection on sexually dimorphic traits in a wild insect population. Am. Nat. 2010, 175:401-414.
227. Rabaneda-Bueno R.n., RodrÃ-guez-Gironés M.Ã., Aguado-de-la-Paz S., Fernández-Montraveta C., De Mas E., Wise D.H., Moya-Laraño J. Sexual Cannibalism: high Incidence in a Natural Population with Benefits to Females. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e3484.
228. Ramirez M.G., Haakonsen K.E. Gene flow among habitat patches on a fragmented landscape in the spider Argiope trifasciata (Araneae: Araneidae). Heredity 1999, 83:580-585.
229. Rao D., Cheng K., Herberstein M.E. A natural history of web decorations in the St Andrew's Cross spider (Argiope keyserlingi). Aust. J. Ecol. 2007, 55:9-14.
230. Rayor L.S., Uetz G.W. Age-related sequential web building in the colonial spider Metepeira incrassata (Araneidae): an adaptive spacing strategy. Anim. Behav. 2000, 59:1251-1259.
231. Reed D., Teoh V.-H., Stratton G., Hataway R. Levels of gene flow among populations of a wolf spider in a recently fragmented habitat: current versus historical rates. Conserv. Genet. 2011, 12:331-335.
232. Řezáč M. The spider Harpactea sadistica: co-evolution of traumatic insemination and complex female genital morphology in spiders. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 276:2697-2701.
233. Riechert S.E. Web-site selection in the Desert Spider Agelenopsis aperta. Oikos 1976, 27:311-315.
234. Riechert S.E. Game theory and animal conflict. Game Theory and Animal Behavior 1988, 64-93. Oxford University Press, New York. L.A. Dugatkin, H.K. Reeve (Eds.).
235. Riechert S.E., Singer F.D. Investigation of potential male mate choice in a monogamous spider. Anim. Behav. 1995, 49:715-723.
236. Rittschof C.C. Male density affects large-male advantage in the golden silk spider. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:979-985.
237. Rittschof C.C., Ruggles K.V. The complexity of site quality: multiple factors affect web tenure in an orb-web spider. Anim. Behav. 2010, 79:1147-1155.
238. Roberts J.A., Uetz G.W. Information content of female chemical signals in the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata: male discrimination of reproductive state and receptivity. Anim. Behav. 2005, 70:217-223.
239. Roberts J.A., Uetz G.W. Discrimination of variation in a male signaling trait affects detection time in visual predators. Ethology 2008, 114:557-563.
240. Rubenstein D.I. Alternative reproductive tactics in the spider Metallina segmentata. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1987, 20:229-237.
241. Rutledge J.M., Miller A., Uetz G.W. Exposure to multiple sensory cues as a juvenile affects adult female mate preferences in wolf spiders. Anim. Behav. 2010, 80:419-426.
242. Rypstra A.L., Wieg C., Walker S.E., Persons M.H. Mutual mate assessment in wolf spiders: differences in the cues used by males and females. Ethology 2003, 109:315-325.
243. Rypstra A.L., Schlosser A.M., Sutton P.L., Persons M.H. Multimodal signalling: the relative importance of chemical and visual cues from females to the behaviour of male wolf spiders (Lycosidae). Anim. Behav. 2009, 77:937-947.
244. Salomon M. Social environment and feeding state influence movement decisions in a web-building spider. Ethology 2009, 115:916-927.
245. Salomon M., Vibert S., Bennett R.G. Habitat use by western black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus) in coastal British Columbia: evidence of facultative group living. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 2010, 88:334-346.
246. Sasaki T., Iwahashi O. Sexual cannibalism in an orb-weaving spider Argiope aemula. Anim. Behav. 1995, 49:1119-1121.
247. Schäfer M., Uhl G. Determinants of paternity success in the spider Pholcus phalangioides (Pholcidae: Araneae): the role of male and female mating behaviour. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2002, 51:368-377.
248. Schäfer M., Uhl G. Sequential mate encounters: female but not male body size influences female remating behavior. Behav. Ecol. 2005, 16:461-466.
249. Schäfer M.A., Misof B., Uhl G. Effects of body size of both sexes and female mating history on male mating behaviour and paternity success in a spider. Anim. Behav. 2008, 76:75-86.
250. Scheffer S.J., Uetz G.W., Stratton G.E. Sexual selection, male morphology, and the efficacy of courtship signalling in two wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1996, 38:17-23.
251. Schmidt J., Rypstra A. Opportunistic predator prefers habitat complexity that exposes prey while reducing cannibalism and intraguild encounters. Oecologia 2010, 164:899-910.
252. Schneider J.M. Timing of maturation and the mating system of the spider, Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae): how important is body size?. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 1997, 60:517-525.
253. Schneider J.M. Delayed oviposition: a female strategy to counter infanticide by males?. Behav. Ecol. 1999, 10:567-571.
254. Schneider J.M., Andrade M.C.B. Mating behavior and sexual selection. Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility 2011, 215-275. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.E. Herberstein (Ed.).
255. Schneider J.M., Elgar M.A. Sexual cannibalism and sperm competition in the golden orb-web spider Nephila plumipes (Araneoidea): female and male perspectives. Behav. Ecol. 2001, 12:547-552.
256. Schneider J.M., Elgar M.A. Sexual cannibalism in Nephila plumipes as a consequence of female life history strategies. J. Evol. Biol. 2002, 15:84-91.
257. Schneider J.M., Lesmono K. Courtship raises male fertilization success through post-mating sexual selection in a spider. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 276:3105-3111.
258. Schneider J.M., Lubin Y. Infanticidal male eresid spiders. Nature 1996, 381:655-656.
259. Schneider J.M., Lubin Y. Infanticide by males in a spider with suicidal maternal care, Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae). Anim. Behav. 1997, 54:305-312.
260. Schneider J., Herberstein M., De Crespigny F., Ramamurthy S., Elgar M. Sperm competition and small size advantage for males of the golden orb-web spider Nephila edulis. J. Evol. Biol. 2000, 13:939-946.
261. Schneider J.M., Herberstein M.E., De Crespigny F.C., Ramamurthy S., Elgar M.A. Sperm competition and small size advantage for males of the golden orb-web spider Nephila edulis. J. Evol. Biol. 2000, 13:939-946.
262. Schneider J.M., Gilberg S., Fromhage L., Uhl G. Sexual conflict over copulation duration in a cannibalistic spider. Anim. Behav. 2006, 71:781-788.
263. Schneider J.M., Herberstein M.E., Bruce M.J., Kasumovic M.M., Thomas M.L., Elgar M.A. Male copulation frequency, sperm competition and genital damage in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes). Aust. J. Zool. 2008, 56:233-238.
264. Schulz S., Toft S. Identification of a sex pheromone from a spider. Science 1993, 260:1635-1637.
265. Searcy L.E., Rypstra A.L., Persons M.H. Airborne chemical communication in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina. J. Chem. Ecol. 1999, 25:2527-2533.
266. Segev O., Ziv M., Lubin Y. The male mating system in a desert widow spider. J. Arachnol. 2003, 31:379-393.
267. Segoli M., Harari A.R., Lubin Y. Limited mating opportunities and male monogamy: a field study of white widow spiders, Latrodectus pallidus (Theridiidae). Anim. Behav. 2006, 72:635-642.
268. Shamble P.S., Wilgers D.J., Swoboda K.A., Hebets E.A. Courtship effort is a better predictor of mating success than ornamentation for male wolf spiders. Behav. Ecol. 2009, 20:1242-1251.
269. Shuster S.M. Sexual selection and mating systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106:10009-10016.
270. Shuster S.M., Wade M.J. Mating Systems and Strategies 2003, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
271. Simmons L.W. Sperm Competition and Its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects 2001, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
272. Singer F., Riechert S. Tests for sex differences in fitness-linked traits in the spider Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae). J. Insect Behav. 1994, 7:517-532.
273. Singer F., Riechert S.E. Mating system and mating success of the desert soldier Agelenopsis aperta. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1995, 36:313-322.
274. Singer F., Riechert S.E., Xu H., Morris A.W., Becker E., Hale J.A., Noureddine M.A. Analysis of courtship success in the funnel web spider Agelenopsis aperta. Behaviour 2000, 137:93-117.
275. Sivalinghem S., Kasumovic M.M., Mason A.C., Andrade M.C.B., Elias D.O. Vibratory communication in the jumping spider Phidippus clarus: polyandry, male courtship signals, and mating success. Behav. Ecol. 2010, 21:1308-1314.
276. Smith H.M. The costs of moving for a diurnally cryptic araneid spider. J. Arachnol. 2009, 37:84-91.
277. Snow L.S.E., Andrade M.C.B. Pattern of sperm transfer in redback spiders: implications for sperm competition and male sacrifice. Behav. Ecol. 2004, 15:785-792.
278. Snow L.S.E., Andrade M.C.B. Multiple sperm storage organs facilitate female control of paternity. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2005, 272:1139-1144.
279. Snow L.S.E., Abdel-Mesih A., Andrade M.C.B. Broken copulatory organs are low-cost adaptations to sperm competition in redback spiders. Ethology 2006, 112:379-389.
280. Stamps J.A., Losos J.B., Andrews R.M. A comparative study of population density and sexual size dimorphism in lizards. Am. Nat. 1997, 149:64-90.
281. Stellwag L., Dodson G. Navigation by male crab spiders Misumenoides formosipes; (Araneae: Thomisidae): floral cues may aid in locating potential mates. J. Insect Behav. 2010, 23:226-235.
282. Stoltz J.A., Andrade M.C.B. Female's courtship threshold allows intruding males to mate with reduced effort. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2010, 277:585-592.
283. Stoltz J.A., McNeil J.N., Andrade M.C.B. Males assess chemical signals to discriminate just-mated females from virgins in redback spiders. Anim. Behav. 2007, 74:1669-1674.
284. Stoltz J.A., Elias D.O., Andrade M.C.B. Females reward courtship by competing males in a cannibalistic spider. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2008, 62:689-697.
285. Stoltz J.A., Elias D.O., Andrade M.C.B. Male courtship effort determines female response to competing rivals in redback spiders. Anim. Behav. 2009, 77:79-85.
286. Storm Jonathan J., Lima Steven L. Mothers forewarn offspring about predators: a transgenerational maternal effect on behavior. Am. Nat. 2010, 175:382-390.
287. Stratton G.E. Comparison of courtship behaviors and interspecific crosses in the Schizocosa-ocreata species complex Araneae Lycosidae. Am. Zool. 1983, 23:967.
288. Stratton G.E. Evolution of ornamentation and courtship behavior in Schizocosa: insights from a phylogeny based on morphology (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:347-376.
289. Stratton G.E., Uetz G.W. Acoustic communication and reproductive isolation in two species of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Science 1981, 214:575-577.
290. Stratton G.E., Uetz G.W. Communication via substrate-coupled stridulation and reproductive isolation in wolf spiders (Aranea: Lycosidae). Anim. Behav. 1983, 31:164-172.
291. Stratton G.E., Uetz G.W. The inheritance of courtship behavior and its role as a reproductive isolating mechanism in two species of Schizocosa wolf spiders Araneae Lycosidae. Evolution 1986, 40(129):141.
292. Stuart-Fox D. Testing game theory models: fighting ability and decision rules in chameleon contests. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2006, 273:1555-1561.
293. Su K.F.Y., Li D. Female-biased predation risk and its differential effect on the male and female courtship behaviour of jumping spiders. Anim. Behav. 2006, 71:531-537.
294. Suhm M., Thaler K., Alberti G. Glands in the male palpal organ and the origin of the mating plug in Amaurobius species (Araneae: Amaurobiidae). Zool. Anzeiger 1996, 234:191-199.
295. Suter R.B. Intersexual competition for food in the bowl and doily spider, Frontinella pyramitela (Araneae, Linyphiidae). J. Arachnol. 1985, 13:61-70.
296. Suter R.B., Keiley M. Agonistic Interactions between male Frontinella pyramitela (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1984, 15:1-7.
297. Suter R.B., Renkes G. Linyphid spider courtship: releaser and attractant functions of a contact sex pheromone. Anim. Behav. 1982, 30:714-718.
298. Suter R.B., Renkes G. The courtship of Frontinella pyramitela (Araneae, Linyphiidae): patterns, vibrations and functions. J. Arachnol. 1984, 12:37-54.
299. Taylor P.W. Dragline-mediated mate-searching in Trite Planiceps (Araneae, Salticidae). J. Arachnol. 1998, 26:330-334.
300. Taylor A.R., Persons M.H., Rypstra A.L. The effect of perceived predation risk on male courtship and copulatory behavior in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 2005, 33:76-81.
301. Thery M., Casas J. Predator and prey views of spider camouflage-both hunter and hunted fail to notice crab-spiders blending with coloured petals. Nature 2002, 415:133.
302. Thery M., Casas J. The multiple disguises of spiders: web colour and decorations, body colour and movement. R. Soc. Philos. Trans. Biol. Sci. 2009, 364:471-480.
303. Thornhill R., Alcock J. Evolution of Insect Mating Systems 1983, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
304. Toft S. Mate guarding in two Linyphia species (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 1989, 8:33-37.
305. Trabalon M., Assi-Bessekon D. Effects of web chemical signatures on intraspecific recognition in a subsocial spider, Coelotes terrestris (Araneae). Anim. Behav. 2008, 76:1571-1578.
306. Tuni C., Bilde T. No preference for novel mating partners in the polyandrous nuptial-feeding spider Pisaura mirabilis (Araneae: Pisauridae). Anim. Behav. 2010, 80:435-442.
307. Uetz G.W., Denterlein G. Courtship behavior habitat and reproductive isolation in Schizocosa rovneri Araneae Lycosidae. J. Arachnol. 1979, 7:2.
308. Uetz G.W., Norton S. Preference for male traits in female wolf spiders varies with the choice of available males, female age and reproductive state. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2007, 61:631-641.
309. Uetz G.W., Roberts J.A. Multisensory cues and multimodal communication in spiders: insights form video/audio playback studies. Brain Behav. Evol. 2002, 59:222-230.
310. Uetz G.W., Smith E.I. Asymmetry in a visual signaling character and sexual selection in a wolf spider. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1999, 45(87):93.
311. Uetz G.W., Stratton G.E. Acoustic communication and reproductive isolation in spiders. Spider Communication: Mechanisms and Ecological Significance 1982, 123-129. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. P.N. Witt, J.S. Rovner (Eds.).
312. Uetz G.W., Papke R., Kilinc B. Influence of feeding regime on body size, body condition and a male secondary sexual character in Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae): condition-dependence in a visual signaling trait. J. Arachnol. 2002, 30:461-469.
313. Uetz G.W., Roberts J.A., Taylor P.W. Multimodal communication and mate choice in wolf spiders: female response to multimodal versus unimodal signals. Anim. Behav. 2009, 78:299-305.
314. Uhl G. Genital morphology and sperm storage in Pholcus-phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae, Araneae). Acta Zool. 1994, 75:1-12.
315. Uhl G. Mating behaviour in the cellar spider, Pholcus phalangioides, indicates sperm mixing. Anim. Behav. 1998, 56:1155-1159.
316. Uhl G. Two distinctly different sperm storage organs in female Dysdera erythrina (Araneae: Dysderidae). Arthropod Struct. Dev. 2000, 29:163-169.
317. Uhl G. Female genital morphology and sperm priority patterns in spiders (Araneae): European Arachnology 2000: 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Aarhus, Denmark 17-22 July 2000 2002, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus.
318. Uhl G., Elias D.O. Communication. Spider Behavior: Flexibility and Versatilitiy 2011, 127-190. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. M.E. Herberstein (Ed.).
319. Uhl G., Vollrath F. Genital morphology of Nephila edulis: implications for sperm competition in spiders. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 1998, 76:39-47.
320. Uhl G., Schmitt S., Schafer M.A., Blanckenhorn W. Food and sex-specific growth strategies in a spider. Evol. Ecol. Res. 2004, 6:523-540.
321. Uhl G., Schmitt S., Schäfer M. Fitness benefits of multiple mating versus female mate choice in the cellar spider (Pholcus phalangioides). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2005, 59:69-76.
322. Uhl G., Nessler S., Schneider J. Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation. Genetica 2010, 138:75-104.
323. Vincent S.E., Lailvaux S.P. Female morphology, web design, and the potential for multiple mating in Nephila clavipes: do fat-bottomed girls make the spider world go round?. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2006, 87:95-102.
324. Vollrath F. Web spider's dilemma: a risky move or site dependent growth. Oecologia 1985, 68:69-72.
325. Vollrath F. Dwarf males. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1998, 13:159-163.
326. Vollrath F., Parker G.A. Sexual dimorphism and distorted sex ratios in spiders. Nature 1992, 360:156-159.
327. Walker S.E., Rypstra A.L. Sexual dimorphism in functional response and trophic morphology in Rabidosa rabida (Araneae: Lycosidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 2001, 146:161-170.
328. Walker S.E., Rypstra A.L. Sexual dimorphism in trophic morphology and feeding behavior of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) as a result of differences in reproductive roles. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 2002, 80:679-688.
329. Walker S.E., Rypstra A.L. Sexual dimorphism and the differential mortality model: is behaviour related to survival?. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2003, 78:97-103.
330. Ward D., Lubin Y. Habitat selection and the life history of a desert spider, Stegodyphus lineatus (Eresidae). J. Anim. Ecol. 1993, 62:353-363.
331. Watson P.J. Transmission of a female sex pheromone thwarted by males in the spider Linyphia litigiosa. Science 1986, 233:219-221.
332. Watson P.J. Female enhanced male competition determines the first mate and principal sire in the spider Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1990, 26:77-90.
333. Watson P.J. Multiple paternity and 1st male sperm precedence in the Sierra Dome Spider, Linyphia litigiosa Keyserling (Linyphiidae). Anim. Behav. 1991, 41:135-148.
334. Watson P.J. Multi-male mating and female choice increase offspring growth in the spider Neriene litigiosa (Linyphiidae). Anim. Behav. 1998, 55:387-403.
335. Wauters L., Dhondt A.A. Immigration pattern and success in red squirrels. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1993, 33:159-167.
336. Weldingh D.L., Toft S., Larsen O.N. Mating duration and sperm precedence in the spider Linyphia triangularis. J. Ethol. 2011, 29:143-152.
337. Welke K.W., Schneider J.M. Males of the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi sacrifice themselves to unrelated females. Biol. Lett. 2010, 6:585-588.
338. West H., Toft S. Last-male sperm priority and the mating system of the haplogyne spider Tetragnatha extensa (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). J. Insect Behav. 1999, 12:433-450.
339. Wherry T., Elwood R.W. Relocation, reproduction and remaining alive in the orb-web spider. J. Zool. 2009, 279:57-63.
340. Wilder S.M., Rypstra A.L. Prior encounters with the opposite sex affect male and female mating behavior in a wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2008, 62:1813-1820.
341. Wilder S.M., Rypstra A.L. Sexual size dimorphism predicts the frequency of sexual cannibalism within and among species of spiders. Am. Nat. 2008, 172:431-440.
342. Xiao Y.H., Zhang J.X., Li S.Q. Male-specific (Z)-9-tricosene stimulates female mating behaviour in the spider Pholcus beijingensis. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2010, 277:3009-3018.
343. Yoshida H., Suzuki Y. Silk as a cue for mate location in the jumping spider, Carrhotus-xanthogramma (Latreille) (Araneae, Salticidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 1981, 16:315-317.
344. Zimmermann M., Spence J.R. Adult population dynamics and reproductive effort of the fishing spider Dolomedes triton (Araneae, Pisauridae) in Central Alberta. Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool. 1992, 70:2224-2233.