메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 272-285

A Switch Between Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Autophagy in the Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells by Chloroquine and Vitamin D

Author keywords

Autophagy; Breast cancer; Chloroquine; Radiation; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

ACRIDINE ORANGE; AUTOPHAGY PROTEIN 5; AUTOPHAGY PROTEIN 7; BAFILOMYCIN A1; CALCITRIOL; CHLOROQUINE; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PROTEIN P53; PROTEIN P62; STAUROSPORINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 80054038340     PISSN: 18688497     EISSN: 18688500     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12672-011-0081-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 36749008023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidermal growth factor receptor: a role in repair of radiation-induced DNA damage
    • Chen DJ, Nirodi CS (2007) The epidermal growth factor receptor: a role in repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Clin Cancer Res 13: 6555-6560.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 6555-6560
    • Chen, D.J.1    Nirodi, C.S.2
  • 2
    • 3042736846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic oxidation/reduction reactions and cellular responses to ionizing radiation: a unifying concept in stress response biology
    • Spitz DR, Azzam EI, Li JJ et al (2004) Metabolic oxidation/reduction reactions and cellular responses to ionizing radiation: a unifying concept in stress response biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 23: 311-322.
    • (2004) Cancer Metastasis Rev , vol.23 , pp. 311-322
    • Spitz, D.R.1    Azzam, E.I.2    Li, J.J.3
  • 3
    • 0037335568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and radiation-induced activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways
    • Dent P, Yacoub A, Contessa J et al (2003) Stress and radiation-induced activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Radiat Res 159: 283-300.
    • (2003) Radiat Res , vol.159 , pp. 283-300
    • Dent, P.1    Yacoub, A.2    Contessa, J.3
  • 4
    • 0032589629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D3 analog EB 1089 enhances the response of human breast tumor cells to radiation
    • Sundaram S, Gewirtz DA (1999) The vitamin D3 analog EB 1089 enhances the response of human breast tumor cells to radiation. Radiat Res 152: 479-486.
    • (1999) Radiat Res , vol.152 , pp. 479-486
    • Sundaram, S.1    Gewirtz, D.A.2
  • 5
    • 33845192397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of radiation sensitivity in breast tumor cells by the vitamin D3 analogue, EB 1089, through promotion of autophagy and interference with proliferative recovery
    • Demasters G, Di X, Newsham I et al (2006) Potentiation of radiation sensitivity in breast tumor cells by the vitamin D3 analogue, EB 1089, through promotion of autophagy and interference with proliferative recovery. Mol Cancer Ther 5: 2786-2797.
    • (2006) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.5 , pp. 2786-2797
    • Demasters, G.1    Di, X.2    Newsham, I.3
  • 6
    • 0030880944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of cisplatin antitumor activity using a vitamin D analogue in a murine squamous cell carcinoma model system
    • Light BW, Yu WD, McElwain MC et al (1997) Potentiation of cisplatin antitumor activity using a vitamin D analogue in a murine squamous cell carcinoma model system. Cancer Res 57: 3759-3764.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 3759-3764
    • Light, B.W.1    Yu, W.D.2    McElwain, M.C.3
  • 7
    • 0033557922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage
    • Ravid A, Rocker D, Machlenkin A et al (1999) 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage. Cancer Res 59: 862-867.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 862-867
    • Ravid, A.1    Rocker, D.2    Machlenkin, A.3
  • 8
    • 0034896572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) enhances paclitaxel antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo and accelerates paclitaxel-induced apoptosis
    • Hershberger PA, Yu WD, Modzelewski RA et al (2001) Calcitriol (1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) enhances paclitaxel antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo and accelerates paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 7: 1043-1051.
    • (2001) Clin Cancer Res , vol.7 , pp. 1043-1051
    • Hershberger, P.A.1    Yu, W.D.2    Modzelewski, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 0034744476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vitamin D3 analog, ILX-23-7553, enhances the response to adriamycin and irradiation in MCF-7 breast tumor cells
    • Chaudhry M, Sundaram S, Gennings C et al (2001) The vitamin D3 analog, ILX-23-7553, enhances the response to adriamycin and irradiation in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 47: 429-436.
    • (2001) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 429-436
    • Chaudhry, M.1    Sundaram, S.2    Gennings, C.3
  • 10
    • 69349094578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer
    • Chen N, Karantza-Wadsworth V (2009) Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1793: 1516-1523.
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1793 , pp. 1516-1523
    • Chen, N.1    Karantza-Wadsworth, V.2
  • 11
    • 8344242220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword
    • Shintani T, Klionsky DJ (2004) Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science 306: 990-995.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 990-995
    • Shintani, T.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 12
    • 21444442926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced autophagy is associated with LC3 and its inhibition sensitizes malignant glioma cells
    • Ito H, Daido S, Kanzawa T et al (2005) Radiation-induced autophagy is associated with LC3 and its inhibition sensitizes malignant glioma cells. Int J Oncol 26: 1401-1410.
    • (2005) Int J Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 1401-1410
    • Ito, H.1    Daido, S.2    Kanzawa, T.3
  • 13
    • 41449109334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of autophagy during extracellular matrix detachment promotes cell survival
    • Fung C, Lock R, Gao S et al (2008) Induction of autophagy during extracellular matrix detachment promotes cell survival. Mol Biol Cell 19: 797-806.
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 797-806
    • Fung, C.1    Lock, R.2    Gao, S.3
  • 14
    • 43949085388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy plays a protective role during zVAD-induced necrotic cell death
    • Wu YT, Tan HL, Huang Q et al (2008) Autophagy plays a protective role during zVAD-induced necrotic cell death. Autophagy 4: 457-466.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 457-466
    • Wu, Y.T.1    Tan, H.L.2    Huang, Q.3
  • 15
    • 34548188741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis
    • Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A et al (2007) Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 741-752.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 741-752
    • Maiuri, M.C.1    Zalckvar, E.2    Kimchi, A.3
  • 16
    • 23344442168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is the dominant type of programmed cell death in breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to AGS 115 and EFDAC, new sesquiterpene analogs of paclitaxel
    • Gorka M, Daniewski WM, Gajkowska B et al (2005) Autophagy is the dominant type of programmed cell death in breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to AGS 115 and EFDAC, new sesquiterpene analogs of paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs 16: 777-788.
    • (2005) Anticancer Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 777-788
    • Gorka, M.1    Daniewski, W.M.2    Gajkowska, B.3
  • 17
    • 58149086894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin, induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner
    • Oh SH, Kim YS, Lim SC et al (2008) Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin, induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner. Autophagy 4: 1009-1019.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 1009-1019
    • Oh, S.H.1    Kim, Y.S.2    Lim, S.C.3
  • 18
    • 0035863399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel response of cancer cells to radiation involves autophagy and formation of acidic vesicles
    • Paglin S, Hollister T, Delohery T et al (2001) A novel response of cancer cells to radiation involves autophagy and formation of acidic vesicles. Cancer Res 61: 439-444.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 439-444
    • Paglin, S.1    Hollister, T.2    Delohery, T.3
  • 20
    • 69949157795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of autophagy as a mechanism for radiation sensitization of breast tumor cells
    • Gewirtz DA, Hilliker ML, Wilson EN (2009) Promotion of autophagy as a mechanism for radiation sensitization of breast tumor cells. Radiother Oncol 92: 323-328.
    • (2009) Radiother Oncol , vol.92 , pp. 323-328
    • Gewirtz, D.A.1    Hilliker, M.L.2    Wilson, E.N.3
  • 21
    • 71249122207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibition in combination cancer treatment
    • Livesey KM, Tang D, Zeh HJ et al (2009) Autophagy inhibition in combination cancer treatment. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 10: 1269-1279.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Invest Drugs , vol.10 , pp. 1269-1279
    • Livesey, K.M.1    Tang, D.2    Zeh, H.J.3
  • 22
    • 67650095390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The induction of autophagy by gamma-radiation contributes to the radioresistance of glioma stem cells
    • Lomonaco SL, Finniss S, Xiang C et al (2009) The induction of autophagy by gamma-radiation contributes to the radioresistance of glioma stem cells. Int J Cancer 125: 717-722.
    • (2009) Int J Cancer , vol.125 , pp. 717-722
    • Lomonaco, S.L.1    Finniss, S.2    Xiang, C.3
  • 23
    • 40449086885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy
    • Apel A, Herr I, Schwarz H et al (2008) Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. Cancer Res 68: 1485-1494.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 1485-1494
    • Apel, A.1    Herr, I.2    Schwarz, H.3
  • 24
    • 33845974091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy for cancer therapy through inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling
    • Kim KW, Mutter RW, Cao C et al (2006) Autophagy for cancer therapy through inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. J Biol Chem 281: 36883-36890.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 36883-36890
    • Kim, K.W.1    Mutter, R.W.2    Cao, C.3
  • 25
    • 33750565745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin or apoptotic pathway induces autophagy and radiosensitizes PTEN null prostate cancer cells
    • Cao C, Subhawong T, Albert JM et al (2006) Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin or apoptotic pathway induces autophagy and radiosensitizes PTEN null prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 66: 10040-10047.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 10040-10047
    • Cao, C.1    Subhawong, T.2    Albert, J.M.3
  • 26
    • 38149008948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic tumor-killing effect of radiation and berberine combined treatment in lung cancer: the contribution of autophagic cell death
    • Peng PL, Kuo WH, Tseng HC et al (2008) Synergistic tumor-killing effect of radiation and berberine combined treatment in lung cancer: the contribution of autophagic cell death. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70: 529-542.
    • (2008) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.70 , pp. 529-542
    • Peng, P.L.1    Kuo, W.H.2    Tseng, H.C.3
  • 27
    • 79955677000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic cell death: Loch Ness monster or endangered species?
    • Shen HM, Codogno P (2011) Autophagic cell death: Loch Ness monster or endangered species? Autophagy 7: 457-465.
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , pp. 457-465
    • Shen, H.M.1    Codogno, P.2
  • 28
    • 38549125522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of the potential of vitamin D to prevent cancer
    • Ingraham BA, Bragdon B, Nohe A (2008) Molecular basis of the potential of vitamin D to prevent cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 24: 139-149.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , pp. 139-149
    • Ingraham, B.A.1    Bragdon, B.2    Nohe, A.3
  • 29
    • 0030699254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cell cycle control by vitamin D3 and its analogue, EB1089, in human breast cancer cells
    • Wu G, Fan RS, Li W et al (1997) Modulation of cell cycle control by vitamin D3 and its analogue, EB1089, in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 15: 1555-1563.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 1555-1563
    • Wu, G.1    Fan, R.S.2    Li, W.3
  • 30
    • 67651176019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antagonist of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 induces mitotic catastrophe in ovarian cancer cells
    • Kwong J, Kulbe H, Wong D et al (2009) An antagonist of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 induces mitotic catastrophe in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 8: 1893-1905.
    • (2009) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 1893-1905
    • Kwong, J.1    Kulbe, H.2    Wong, D.3
  • 31
    • 77949450557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of drug-induced mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells
    • Portugal J, Mansilla S, Bataller M (2010) Mechanisms of drug-induced mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells. Curr Pharm Des 16: 69-78.
    • (2010) Curr Pharm Des , vol.16 , pp. 69-78
    • Portugal, J.1    Mansilla, S.2    Bataller, M.3
  • 32
    • 20144381544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential roles of Atg5 and FADD in autophagic cell death: dissection of autophagic cell death into vacuole formation and cell death
    • Pyo JO, Jang MH, Kwon YK et al (2005) Essential roles of Atg5 and FADD in autophagic cell death: dissection of autophagic cell death into vacuole formation and cell death. J Biol Chem 280: 20722-20729.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 20722-20729
    • Pyo, J.O.1    Jang, M.H.2    Kwon, Y.K.3
  • 33
    • 62949091373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: a lysosomal degradation pathway with a central role in health and disease
    • Eskelinen EL, Saftig P (2009) Autophagy: a lysosomal degradation pathway with a central role in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1793: 664-673.
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1793 , pp. 664-673
    • Eskelinen, E.L.1    Saftig, P.2
  • 35
    • 0034676037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reversible modification regulates the membrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway
    • Kirisako T, Ichimura Y, Okada H et al (2000) The reversible modification regulates the membrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. J Cell Biol 151: 263-276.
    • (2000) J Cell Biol , vol.151 , pp. 263-276
    • Kirisako, T.1    Ichimura, Y.2    Okada, H.3
  • 36
    • 34548259958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy
    • Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamark T et al (2007) p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. J Biol Chem 282: 24131-24145.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 24131-24145
    • Pankiv, S.1    Clausen, T.H.2    Lamark, T.3
  • 37
    • 77955863456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reporter cell system to monitor autophagy based on p62/SQSTM1
    • Larsen KB, Lamark T, Overvatn A et al (2010) A reporter cell system to monitor autophagy based on p62/SQSTM1. Autophagy 6: 784-793.
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , pp. 784-793
    • Larsen, K.B.1    Lamark, T.2    Overvatn, A.3
  • 38
    • 52649121942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The N-terminus and Phe52 residue of LC3 recruit p62/SQSTM1 into autophagosomes
    • Shvets E, Fass E, Scherz-Shouval R et al (2008) The N-terminus and Phe52 residue of LC3 recruit p62/SQSTM1 into autophagosomes. J Cell Sci 121: 2685-2695.
    • (2008) J Cell Sci , vol.121 , pp. 2685-2695
    • Shvets, E.1    Fass, E.2    Scherz-Shouval, R.3
  • 39
    • 74949127989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocols to detect senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-betagal) activity, a biomarker of senescent cells in culture and in vivo
    • Debacq-Chainiaux F, Erusalimsky JD, Campisi J et al (2009) Protocols to detect senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-betagal) activity, a biomarker of senescent cells in culture and in vivo. Nat Protoc 4: 1798-1806.
    • (2009) Nat Protoc , vol.4 , pp. 1798-1806
    • Debacq-Chainiaux, F.1    Erusalimsky, J.D.2    Campisi, J.3
  • 40
    • 33745859721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection
    • Shacka JJ, Klocke BJ, Roth KA (2006) Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection. Autophagy 2: 228-230.
    • (2006) Autophagy , vol.2 , pp. 228-230
    • Shacka, J.J.1    Klocke, B.J.2    Roth, K.A.3
  • 41
    • 77958575758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibition enhances vorinostat-induced apoptosis via ubiquitinated protein accumulation
    • Carew JS, Medina EC, Esquivel JA 2nd et al (2010) Autophagy inhibition enhances vorinostat-induced apoptosis via ubiquitinated protein accumulation. J Cell Mol Med 14: 2448-2459.
    • (2010) J Cell Mol Med , vol.14 , pp. 2448-2459
    • Carew, J.S.1    Medina, E.C.2    Esquivel II, J.A.3
  • 42
    • 14044277429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular machinery of autophagy: unanswered questions
    • Klionsky DJ (2005) The molecular machinery of autophagy: unanswered questions. J Cell Sci 118: 7-18.
    • (2005) J Cell Sci , vol.118 , pp. 7-18
    • Klionsky, D.J.1
  • 43
    • 27844578432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53-Dependent accelerated senescence induced by ionizing radiation in breast tumour cells
    • Jones KR, Elmore LW, Jackson-Cook C et al (2005) p53-Dependent accelerated senescence induced by ionizing radiation in breast tumour cells. Int J Radiat Biol 81: 445-458.
    • (2005) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.81 , pp. 445-458
    • Jones, K.R.1    Elmore, L.W.2    Jackson-Cook, C.3
  • 44
    • 11144290056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of accelerated senescence by gamma radiation in human solid tumor-derived cell lines expressing wild-type TP53
    • Mirzayans R, Scott A, Cameron M et al (2005) Induction of accelerated senescence by gamma radiation in human solid tumor-derived cell lines expressing wild-type TP53. Radiat Res 163: 53-62.
    • (2005) Radiat Res , vol.163 , pp. 53-62
    • Mirzayans, R.1    Scott, A.2    Cameron, M.3
  • 45
    • 33645520907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy signaling and the cogwheels of cancer
    • Botti J, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Pilatte Y et al (2006) Autophagy signaling and the cogwheels of cancer. Autophagy 2: 67-73.
    • (2006) Autophagy , vol.2 , pp. 67-73
    • Botti, J.1    Djavaheri-Mergny, M.2    Pilatte, Y.3
  • 46
    • 34548037901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium
    • Hoyer-Hansen M, Jaattela M (2007) Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium. Cell Death Differ 14: 1576-1582.
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Hoyer-Hansen, M.1    Jaattela, M.2
  • 47
    • 77953506788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress negatively regulates AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway to enhance autophagy
    • Qin L, Wang Z, Tao L et al (2010) ER stress negatively regulates AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway to enhance autophagy. Autophagy 6: 239-247.
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , pp. 239-247
    • Qin, L.1    Wang, Z.2    Tao, L.3
  • 48
    • 77953232252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells
    • Kim KW, Moretti L, Mitchell LR et al (2010) Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells. Oncogene 29: 3241-3251.
    • (2010) Oncogene , vol.29 , pp. 3241-3251
    • Kim, K.W.1    Moretti, L.2    Mitchell, L.R.3
  • 49
    • 33645211141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKT pathway is activated by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and participates in its anti-apoptotic effect and cell cycle control in differentiating HL60 cells
    • Zhang Y, Zhang J, Studzinski GP (2006) AKT pathway is activated by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and participates in its anti-apoptotic effect and cell cycle control in differentiating HL60 cells. Cell Cycle 5: 447-451.
    • (2006) Cell Cycle , vol.5 , pp. 447-451
    • Zhang, Y.1    Zhang, J.2    Studzinski, G.P.3
  • 50
    • 79959262669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D: a new player in the world of mTOR signaling
    • Lisse TS, Hewison M (2011) Vitamin D: a new player in the world of mTOR signaling. Cell Cycle 10: 1888-1889.
    • (2011) Cell Cycle , vol.10 , pp. 1888-1889
    • Lisse, T.S.1    Hewison, M.2
  • 51
    • 33745885329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis
    • Crighton D, Wilkinson S, O'Prey J et al (2006) DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell 126: 121-134.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 121-134
    • Crighton, D.1    Wilkinson, S.2    O'Prey, J.3
  • 52
    • 0026648674 scopus 로고
    • Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation
    • Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA (1992) Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 119: 493-501.
    • (1992) J Cell Biol , vol.119 , pp. 493-501
    • Gavrieli, Y.1    Sherman, Y.2    Ben-Sasson, S.A.3
  • 54
    • 0029047362 scopus 로고
    • A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo
    • Dimri GP, Lee X, Basile G et al (1995) A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 9363-9367.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 9363-9367
    • Dimri, G.P.1    Lee, X.2    Basile, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.