Changes in salivary antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulin a and cortisol after prolonged strenuous exercise

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 111, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 2005-2014

  Usui, Tatsuya ^a   Yoshikawa, Takahiro ^a   Orita, Keisuke ^a   Ueda, Shin Ya ^a   Katsura, Yoshihiro ^a   Fujimoto, Shigeo ^a   Yoshimura, Mamiko ^a  

^a OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptides; Cortisol; Human defensin 2; LL 37; Physical stress

Indexed keywords

ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDE; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; SALIVA PROTEIN;

ADULT; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SALIVA; TIME;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; MALE; PHYSICAL EXERTION; SALIVA; SALIVARY PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053930752     PISSN: 14396319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1830-6     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aberg KM, Radek KA, Choi EH, Kim DK, Demerjian M, Hupe M, Kerbleski J, Gallo RL, Ganz T, Mauro T, Feingold KR, Elias PM (2007) Psychological stress downregulates epidermal antimicrobial peptide expression and increases severity of cutaneous infections in mice. J Clin Invest 117: 3339-3349
2. Akimoto T, Kumai Y, Akama T, Hayashi E, Murakami H, Soma R, Kuno S, Kono I (2003) Effects of 12 months of exercise training on salivary secretory IgA levels in elderly subjects. Br J Sports Med 37: 76-79
3. Allgrove JE, Gomes E, Hough J, Gleeson M (2008) Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men. J Sports Sci 26: 653-661
4. Beisswenger C, Kandler K, Hess C, Garn H, Felgentreff K, Wegmann M, Renz H, Vogelmeier C, Bals R (2006) Allergic airway inflammation inhibits pulmonary antibacterial host defense. J Immunol 177: 1833-1837
5. Bishop NC, Gleeson M (2009) Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity. Front Biosci 14: 4444-4456
6. Bishop NC, Walker GJ, Scanlon GA, Richards S, Rogers E (2006) Salivary IgA responses to prolonged intensive exercise following caffeine ingestion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 513-519
7. Bonass WA, High AS, Owen PJ, Devine DA (1999) Expression of beta-defensin genes by human salivary glands. Oral Microbiol Immunol 14: 371-374
8. Brenner I, Shek PN, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ (1998) Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise. Int J Sports Med 19: 130-143
9. Chrousos GP (1998) Stressors, stress, neuroendocrine integration of the adaptive response. The 1997 Hans Selye Memorial Lecture. Ann N Y Acad Sci 851: 311-335
10. Chrousos GP, Kino T (2007) Glucocorticoid action networks and complex psychiatric and/or somatic disorders. Stress 10: 213-219
11. Chu FW, Ekins RP (1988) Detection of corticosteroid binding globulin in parotid fluids: evidence for the presence of both protein-bound and non-protein-bound (free) steroids in uncontaminated saliva. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 119: 56-60
12. Dale BA (2002) Periodontal epithelium: a newly recognized role in health and disease. Periodontol 2000 3: 70-78
13. Davison G, Allgrove J, Gleeson M (2009) Salivary antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and alpha-defensins HNP1-3), antimicrobial and IgA responses to prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 106: 277-284
14. Diamond G, Beckloff N, Ryan LK (2008) Host defense peptides in the oral cavity and the lung: similarities and differences. J Dent Res 87: 915-927
15. Dimitriou L, Sharp NC, Doherty M (2002) Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers. Br J Sports Med 36: 260-264
16. Doss M, White MR, Tecle T, Hartshorn KL (2010) Human defensins and LL-37 in mucosal immunity. J Leukoc Biol 87: 79-92
17. Duits LA, Rademaker M, Ravensbergen B, van Sterkenburg MA, van Strijen E, Hiemstra PS, Nibbering PH (2001) Inhibition of hBD-3, but not hBD-1 and hBD-2, mRNA expression by corticosteroids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280: 522-525
18. Frohm M, Agerberth B, Ahangari G, Stâhle-Bäckdahl M, Lidén S, Wigzell H, Gudmundsson GH (1997) The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders. J Biol Chem 272: 15258-15263
19. Ganz T (2003) Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 3: 710-720
20. Gleeson M (2007) Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol 103: 693-699
21. Greiwe JS, Hickner RC, Shah SD, Cryer PE, Holloszy JO (1999) Norepinephrine response to exercise at the same relative intensity before and after endurance exercise training. J Appl Physiol 86: 531-535
22. Hancock RE, Diamond G (2000) The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences. Trends Microbiol 8: 402-410
23. Harder J, Bartels J, Christophers E, Schröder JM (1997) A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature 387: 861
24. Harder J, Meyer-Hoffert U, Teran LM, Schwichtenberg L, Bartels J, Maune S, Schröder JM (2000) Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, but not IL-6, induce human betadefensin-2 in respiratory epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22: 714-721
25. Herr C, Beisswenger C, Hess C, Kandler K, Suttorp N, Welte T, Schroeder JM, Vogelmeier C, Bals R, for the CAPNETZ Study Group (2009) Suppression of pulmonary innate host defence in smokers. Thorax 64: 144-149
26. Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Viru A, Hackney AC (2008) Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. J Endocrinol Invest 31: 587-591
27. Hosokawa I, Hosokawa Y, Komatsuzawa H, Goncalves RB, Karimbux N, Napimoga MH, Seki M, Ouhara K, Sugai M, Taubman MA, Kawai T (2006) Innate immune peptide LL-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 146: 218-225
28. Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer DH (1994) Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19: 313-333
29. König D, Grathwohl D, Weinstock C, Northoff H, Berg A (2000) Upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: influence of lifestyle, type of sport, training effort, and immunostimulant intake. Exerc Immunol Rev 6: 102-120
30. Levine A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R, Lewis JG, Weller A (2007) Measuring cortisol in human psychobiological studies. Physiol Behav 90: 43-53
31. McDermott AM, Redfern RL, Zhang B, Pei Y, Huang L, Proske RJ (2003) Defensin expression by the cornea: multiple signalling pathways mediate IL-1beta stimulation of hBD-2 expression by human corneal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44: 1859-1865
32. McDowell SL, Hughes RA, Hughes RJ, Housh TJ, Johnson GO (1992) The effects of exercise training on salivary immunogloblin A and cortisol responses to maximal exercise. Int J Sports Med 13: 577-580
33. McEwen BS (2006) Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 8: 368-381
34. Minetto MA, Lanfranco F, Baldi M, Termine A, Kuipers H, Ghigo E (2007) Corticotroph axis sensitivity after exercise: comparison between elite athletes and sedentary subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 30: 215-223
35. Murakami M, Ohtake T, Dorschner RA, Gallo RL (2002) Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides are expressed in salivary glands and saliva. J Dent Res 81: 845-850
36. Nieman DC (1995) Upper respiratory tract infections and exercise. Thorax 50: 1229-1231
37. Nijnik A, Hancock RE (2009) The roles of cathelicidin LL-37 in immune defences and novel clinical applications. Curr Opin Hematol 16: 41-47
38. Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Asp S, Schjerling P, Pedersen BK (1999) Proand anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 515: 287-291
39. Shirtcliff EA, Granger DA, Schwartz E, Curran MJ (2001) Use of salivary biomarkers in biobehavioral research: cotton-based sample collection methods can interfere with salivary immunoassay results. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26: 165-173
40. Singh PK, Jia HP, Wiles K, Hesselberth J, Liu L, Conway BA, Greenberg EP, Valore EV, Welsh MJ, Ganz T, Tack BF, McCray PB Jr (1998) Production of beta-defensins by human airway epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 14961-14966
41. Starner TD, Agerberth B, Gudmundsson GH, McCray PB Jr (2005) Expression and activity of beta-defensins and LL-37 in the developing human lung. J Immunol 174: 1608-1615
42. Steerenberg PA, van Asperen IA, van Nieuw Amerongen A, Biewenga A, Mol D, Medema GJ (1997) Salivary levels of immunoglobulin A in triathletes. Eur J Oral Sci 105: 305-309
43. Strazdins L, Meyerkort S, Brent V, D'Souza RM, Broom DH, Kyd JM (2005) Impact of saliva collection methods on sIgA and cortisol assays and acceptability to participants. J Immunol Methods 307: 167-171
44. Terai K, Sano Y, Kawasaki S, Endo K, Adachi W, Hiratsuka T, Ihiboshi H, Nakazato M, Kinoshita S (2004) Effects of dexamethasone and cyclosporin A on human beta-defensin in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 79: 175-180
45. Tiollier E, Gomez-Merino D, Burnat P, Jouanin JC, Bourrilhon C, Filaire E, Guezennec CY, Chennaoui M (2005) Intense training: mucosal immunity and incidence of respiratory infections. Eur J Appl Physiol 93: 421-428
46. Tomita T, Nagase T, Ohga E, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshizumi M, Ouchi Y (2002) Molecular mechanisms underlying human beta-defensin-2 gene expression in a human airway cell line (LC2/ad). Respirology 7: 305-310
47. Ueda SY, Yoshikawa T, Katsura Y, Usui T, Fujimoto S (2009) Comparable effects of moderate intensity exercise on changes in anorectic gut hormone levels and energy intake to high intensity exercise. J Endocrinol 203: 357-364
48. Van der Poll T, Jansen J, Endert E, Sauerwein HP, van Deventer S (1994) Noradrenaline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 production in human whole blood. Infect Immun 62: 2046-2050
49. van Eck M, Berkhof H, Nicolson N, Sulon J (1996) The effects of perceived stress, traits, mood states, and stressful daily events on salivary cortisol. Psychosom Med 58: 447-458
50. Vardar-Sengul S, Demirci T, Sen BH, Erkizan V, Kurulgan E, Baylas H (2007) Human beta defensin-1 and -2 expression in the gingiva of patients with specific periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res 42: 429-437
51. Wehkamp K, Schwichtenberg L, Schröder JM, Harder J (2006) Pseudomonas aeruginosa- and IL-1beta-mediated induction of human beta-defensin-2 in keratinocytes is controlled by NFkappaB and AP-1. J Invest Dermatol 126: 121-127
52. 2). Dig Dis Sci 50: 1252-1259
53. Yang D, Biragyn A, Hoover DM, Lubkowski J, Oppenheim JJ (2004) Multiple roles of antimicrobial defensins, cathelicidins, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in host defense. Annu Rev Immunol 22: 181-215