An overview of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, addiction, analytical methods, and interpretation of results

Drug Testing and Analysis

Volumn 3, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 560-568

  Andresen, H ^a   Aydin, B E ^b   Mueller, A ^a   Iwersen Bergmann, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b Asklepios Clinic North/Ochsenzoll   (Germany)

Author keywords

1,4 butanediol; Gamma butyrolactone; Gamma hydroxybutyric acid; Gamma valerolactone

Indexed keywords

1,4-BUTANEDIOL; ANALYTICAL METHOD; BUTANEDIOL; GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE; HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACIDS; ILLEGAL DRUGS; TOXIC EFFECT;

AMINO ACIDS;

1,4 BUTANEDIOL; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR; 4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; CHLORAL HYDRATE; DOPAMINE; GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE; GAMMA HYDROXYBUTYRALDEHYDE; GAMMA VALEROLACTONE; GROWTH HORMONE; KETAMINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OXYBATE SODIUM; SCOPOLAMINE; SEROTONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; ZOLPIDEM;

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA; AUTOPSY; BRADYCARDIA; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; COMA; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CONTROL; DRUG COST; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG INTOXICATION; DRUG LEGISLATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MISUSE; DRUG OVERDOSE; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG URINE LEVEL; ENZYME ANALYSIS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INTERNET; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MYOCLONUS; NARCOLEPSY; NAUSEA; NEUROMODULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATION DEPRESSION; RESPIRATORY ARREST; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SEXUAL CRIME; SOCIAL ASPECT; SPEECH DISORDER; THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; VERTIGO; VOMITING; WEIGHT REDUCTION; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 80053387828     PISSN: 19427603     EISSN: 19427611     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dta.254     Document Type: Review

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