Reasoning serves argumentation in children

Cognitive Development

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 177-191

  Mercier, Hugo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Argumentation; Collaborative learning; Confirmation bias; Group reasoning; Reasoning

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052484455     PISSN: 08852014     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.12.001     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Ames G.J., Murray F.B. When two wrongs make a right: Promoting cognitive change by social conflict. Developmental Psychology 1982, 18:894-897.
2. Anderson R.C., Chinn C., Chang J., Waggoner M., Yi H. On the logical integrity of children's arguments. Cognition and Instruction 1997, 15(2):135-167.
3. Anderson R.C., Chinn C., Waggoner M., Nguyen K. Intellectually stimulating story discussions. Literacy for all 1998, 170-196. Guilford, New York. J. Osborn, F. Lehr (Eds.).
4. Baldwin J.M. Social and ethical interpretations in mental development 1906, MacMillan, New York. 4th ed.
5. Barron B. When smart groups fail. Journal of the Learning Sciences 2003, 12(3):307-359.
6. Baum L.A., Danovitch J.H., Keil F.C. Children's sensitivity to circular explanations. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2007, 100(2):146-155.
7. Berkowitz M.W., Gibbs J.C. The process of moral conflict resolution and moral development. Peer Conflict and Psychological Growth 1985, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, 71-84. M. Berkowitz (Ed.).
8. Billig M. Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Bjorklund D.F., Pellegrini A.D. The origins of human nature: Evolutionary developmental psychology 2002, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
10. Bloom P. How do morals change?. Nature 2010, 464(7288):490.
11. Brenneis D., Lein L. " You fruithead": A sociolinguistic approach to children's dispute seulement. Child discourse 1977, 49-65. Academic Press, New York. S.M. Ervin-Tripp, C. Mitchell-Keman (Eds.).
12. Buchs C., Butera F. Socio-cognitive conflict and the role of student interaction in learning. New Review of Social Psychology 2004, 3(1-2):80-87.
13. Chinn C.A., Brewer W.F. An empirical test of a taxonomy of responses to anomalous data in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 1998, 35(6):623-654.
14. Csibra G., Gergely G. Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2009.
15. Deci E.L., Koestner R., Ryan R.M. Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research 2001, 71(1):1.
16. Deci E.L., Vallerand R.J., Pelletier L.G., Ryan R.M. Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist 1991, 26(3):325-346.
17. Doise W., Mugny G. The social development of the intellect 1984, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
18. Dunn J., Munn P. Development of justification in disputes with mother and sibling. Developmental Psychology 1987, 23:791-798.
19. Eisenberg-Berg N., Geisheker E. Content of preachings and power of the model/preacher: The effect on children. Developmental Psychology 1979, 15(2):168-175.
20. Engle R.A., Conant F.R. Guiding principles for fostering productive disciplinary engagement: Explaining an emergent argument in a community of learners classroom. Cognition and Instruction 2002, 20(4):399-483.
21. Evans J.S.B.T. Logic and human reasoning: An assessment of the deduction paradigm. Psychological Bulletin 2002, 128(6):978-996.
22. Evans J.S.B.T. Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 2008, 59:255-278.
23. Evans J.S.B.T., Over D. Rationality and reasoning 1996, Psychology Press, Hove.
24. Garcia-Mila M., Andersen C. Cognitive foundations of learning argumentation. Argumentation in Science Education 2008, 35:29-45.
25. Gibbard A. Wise choices, apt feelings 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
26. Glachan M., Light P. Peer interaction and learning: Can two wrongs make a right?. Social cognition: Studies in the development of understanding 1982, 238-262. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. G. Butterworth, P. Light (Eds.).
27. Goleman D. Social intelligence 2006, Bantam, New York.
28. Goodwin M.H. Aggravated correction and disagreement in children's conversations. Journal of Pragmatics 1983, 7(6):657-677.
29. Graff G. Beyond the culture wars: How teaching the conflicts can revitalize American education 1993, WW Norton & Company, New York.
30. Grusec J.E., Goodnow J.J. Impact of parental discipline methods on the child's internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology 1994, 30(1):4-19.
31. Gummerum M., Keller M., Takezawa M., Mata J. To give or not to give: Children's and adolescents' sharing and moral negotiations in economic decision situations. Child Development 2008, 79(3):562-576.
32. Haidt J. The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review 2001, 108(4):814-834.
33. Haidt J., Bjorklund F. Social intuitionists reason, in conversation. Moral psychology 2007, Vol. 3. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
34. Hoffman M.L. Conscience, personality, and socialization techniques. Human Development 1970, 13(2):90.
35. Hoffman M.L. Moral development. Carmichael's manual of child psychology 1970, Vol. 2:261-360. Wiley, New York.
36. Howe N., Rinaldi C., Jennings M. " No! The lambs can stay out because they got cosies": Constructive and destructive sibling conflict, pretend play, and social understanding. Child Development 2002, 73:1460-1473.
37. Janis I.L. Groupthink 1982, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
38. Johnson D.W., Johnson R. Creative constructive controversy: Intellectual challenge in the classroom 2007, Interaction Book Company, Edina, MN. 4th ed.
39. Kahneman D. A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist 2003, 58(9):697-720.
40. Karmiloff-Smith A. Beyond modularity 1992, Bradford Books, London.
41. Killen M. Social and moral development in early childhood. Handbook of moral behavior and development 1991, Vol. 2:115-138. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
42. Klaczynski P.A. Bias in adolescents' everyday reasoning and its relationship with intellectual ability, personal theories, and self-serving motivation. Developmental Psychology 1997, 33:273-283.
43. Klaczynski P.A. Motivated scientific reasoning biases, epistemological beliefs, and theory polarization: A two-process approach to adolescent cognition. Child Development 2000, 1347-1366.
44. Klaczynski P.A. Cognitive and social cognitive development: Dual-process research and theory. In two minds 2009, 263-292. Oxford University Press, New York. J.S.B.T. Evans, K. Frankish (Eds.).
45. Klaczynski, P. A. When (and when not) to make exceptions: Links among age, precedent setting decisions, conditional inferences, and argument evaluation, submitted for publication.
46. Klaczynski P.A., Cottrell J.M. A dual-process approach to cognitive development: The case of children's understanding of sunk cost decisions. Thinking & Reasoning 2004, 10(2):147-174.
47. Klaczynski P.A., Lavallee K.L. Domain-specific identity, epistemic regulation, and intellectual ability as predictors of belief-based reasoning: A dual-process perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2005, 92:1-24.
48. Kuczynski L. Intensity and orientation of reasoning: motivational determinants of children's compliance to verbal rationales. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1982, 34(3):357.
49. Kuczynski L., Kochanska G. Development of children's noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology 1990, 26(3):398-408.
50. Kuczynski L., Kochanska G., Radke-Yarrow M., Girnius-Brown O. A developmental interpretation of young children's noncompliance. Developmental Psychology 1987, 23(6):799-806.
51. Kuhn D. The skills of argument 1991, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Kuhn D. Education for thinking 2005, Harvard University Press, Harvard, MA.
53. Kuhn, D. What people may do versus can do. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
54. Kuhn, D., & Crowell, A. Dialogic argumentation as a vehicle for developing young adolescents' thinking. Psychological Science, in press.
55. Kuhn D., Pease M., Wirkala C. Coordinating effects of multiple variables: A skill fundamental to causal and scientific reasoning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2009, 103:268-284.
56. Kunda Z. The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 1990, 108:480-498.
57. LaVoie J.C. Cognitive determinants of resistance to deviation in seven-, nine-, and eleven-year-old children of low and high maturity of moral judgment. Developmental Psychology 1974, 10(3):393-403.
58. Lin T.J., Anderson R.C. Reflections on collaborative discourse, argumentation, and learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2008, 33(3):443-448.
59. Maynard D.W. How children start arguments. Language in Society 1985, 1-29.
60. McKenzie R., Evans J., Handley S.J. Conditional reasoning in Autism: Activation and integration of knowledge and belief. Developmental Psychology 2010, 46(2):391-403.
61. Mercier, H. Looking for arguments, submitted for publication-a.
62. Mercier, H. What good is moral reasoning? submitted for publication-b.
63. Mercier, H. On the universality of argumentative reasoning. Journal of Cognition and Culture, in press-a.
64. Mercier, H. Our pigheaded core: How we became smarter to be influenced by other people. In B. Calcott, R. Joyce, & K. Sterelny (Eds.), Evolution, Cooperation, and Complexity. Cambridge: MIT Press, in press-b.
65. Mercier, H., & Landemore, H. Reasoning is for arguing: Understanding the successes and failures of deliberation. Political Psychology, in press.
66. Mercier H., Sperber D. Intuitive and reflective inferences. In two minds 2009, Oxford University Press, New York. J.S.B.T. Evans, K. Frankish (Eds.).
67. Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press-a.
68. Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. Defending argumentation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press-b.
69. Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. Reasoning as a social competence, In: H. Landemore & J. Elster (Eds.), Collective Wisdom, in press-c.
70. Miller S.A., Brownell C.A. Peers, persuasion, and Piaget: Dyadic interaction between conservers and nonconservers. Child Development 1975, 992-997.
71. Morsanyi K., Handley S.J. How smart do you need to be to get it wrong? The role of cognitive capacity in the development of heuristic-based judgment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2008, 99(1):18-36.
72. Neuman Y. Go ahead, prove that god does not exist! On high school students' ability to deal with fallacious arguments. Learning and Instruction 2003, 13(4):367-380.
73. Neuman Y., Weinstock M.P., Glasner A. The effect of contextual factors on the judgement of informal reasoning fallacies. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2006, 59(2):411-425.
74. Nickerson R.S. Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomena in many guises. Review of General Psychology 1998, 2:175-220.
75. Nucci L.P. Evaluating teachers as social agents: Students' ratings of domain appropriate and domain inappropriate teacher responses to transgressions. American Educational Research Journal 1984, 21(2):367.
76. Nucci L.P. Social conflict and the development of children's moral and conventional concepts. Peer conflict and psychological growth 1985, 55-70. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. M. Berkowitz (Ed.).
77. Nussbaum E.M. Collaborative discourse, argumentation, and learning: Preface and literature review. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2008, 33(3):345-359.
78. Orsolini M. " Because" in children's discourse. Applied Psycholinguistics 1993, 14(1):89-120.
79. Orsolini M. " Dwarfs do not shoot": An analysis of children's justifications. Cognition and Instruction 1993, 11(3):281-297.
80. Orsolini M., Pontecorvo C. Children's talk in classroom discussions. Cognition and Instruction 1992, 9(2):113-136.
81. Perkins D.N. Postprimary education has little impact on informal reasoning. Journal of Educational Psychology 1985, 77:562-571.
82. Perkins D.N., Farady M., Bushey B. Everyday reasoning and the roots of intelligence. Informal reasoning and education 1991, 83-105. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ. J. Voss, D. Perkins, J. Segal (Eds.).
83. Perlman M., Ross H.S. If-then contingencies in children's sibling conflicts. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 2005, 51(1):42-67.
84. Perret-Clermont A.-N. Social interaction and cognitive development in children 1980, Academic Press, London.
85. Perret-Clermont A.-N., Carugati F., Oates J. A socio-cognitive perspective on learning and cognitive development. Cognitive and language development in children 2004, 303-332. The Open University & Blackwell Publishing, London. J. Oates, A. Grayson (Eds.).
86. Phelps E., Damon W. Problem solving with equals: Peer collaboration as a context for learning mathematics and spatial concepts. Journal of Educational Psychology 1989, 81(4):639-646.
87. Piaget J. Judgment and reasoning in the child 1928, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
88. Piaget J. Logique génétique et sociologie. Les Sciences sociales avec et après Jean Piaget 1976, Droz, Geneva. G. Busino (Ed.).
89. Pontecorvo C., Girardet H. Arguing and reasoning in understanding historical topics. Cognition and Instruction 1993, 11(3):365-395.
90. Ram A., Ross H.S. Problem solving, contention, and struggle: How siblings resolve a conflict of interests. Child Development 2001, 1710-1722.
91. Resnick L.B., Salmon M., Zeitz C.M., Wathen S.H., Holowchak M. Reasoning in conversation. Cognition and Instruction 1993, 11(3/4):347-364.
92. Reyna V.F., Brainerd C.J. Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences 1995, 7(1):1-75.
93. Reyna V.F., Ellis S.C. Fuzzy-trace theory and framing effects in children's risky decision making. Psychological Science 1994, 5(5):275-279.
94. Reyna V.F., Farley F. Risk and rationality in adolescent decision making: Implications for theory, practice, and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2006, 7(1):1-44.
95. Ritchart R., Perkins D.N. Learning to think: The challenges of teaching thinking. The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning 2005, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. K. Holyoak, R. Morrison (Eds.).
96. Ross H., Smith J., Spielmacher C., Recchia H. Shading the truth self-serving biases in children's reports of sibling conflicts. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 2004, 50(1):61-86.
97. Scholnick E.K., Wing C.S. Speaking deductively: Preschoolers' use of if in conversation and in conditional inference. Developmental Psychology 1991, 27(2):249-258.
98. Schwarz B.B., Glassner A. The blind and the paralytic: Supporting argumentation in everyday and scientific issues. Arguing to learn: Confronting cognitions in computer-supported collaborative learning environments 2003, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. J. Andriessen, M. Baker, D. Suthers (Eds.).
99. Schwarz B.B., Linchevski L. The role of task design and argumentation in cognitive development during peer interaction: The case of proportional reasoning. Learning and Instruction 2007, 17(5):510-531.
100. Schwarz B.B., Neuman Y., Biezuner S. Two wrongs make a right...if they argue together!. Cognition and Instruction 2000, 18:461-494.
101. Shafir E., Simonson I., Tversky A. Reason-based choice. Cognition 1993, 49(1-2):11-36.
102. Slavin R.E. Cooperative learning: theory, research, and practice 1995, Allyn and Bacon, London. 2nd ed.
103. Slavin R.E. Research on cooperative learning and achievement: What we know, what we need to know. Contemporary Educational Psychology 1996, 21(1):43-69.
104. Sperber D. An evolutionary perspective on testimony and argumentation. Philosophical Topics 2001, 29:401-413.
105. Sperber D., Clément F., Heintz C., Mascaro O., Mercier H., Origgi G., Wilson D. Epistemic Vigilance 2010, 25(4):359-393.
106. Stanovich K.E. The robot's rebellion 2004, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
107. Stein N.L., Albro E.R. The origins and nature of arguments: Studies in conflict understanding, emotion, and negotiation. Discourse Processes 2001, 32(2-3):113-133.
108. Stein N.L., Bernas R. The early emergence of argumentative knowledge and skill. Foundations of argumentative text processing 1999, 97-116. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam. J. Andriessen, P. Coirier (Eds.).
109. Sterelny, K. The Evolved Apprentice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, in press.
110. Sunstein C. The law of group polarization. Journal of Political Philosophy 2002, 10(2):175-195.
111. Takezawa M., Gummerum M., Keller M. A stage for the rational tail of the emotional dog: Roles of moral reasoning in group decision making. Journal of Economic Psychology 2006, 27(1):117-139.
112. Tesla C., Dunn J. Getting along or getting your own way: The development of young children's use of argument in conflicts with mother and sibling. Social Development 1992, 1(2):107-121.
113. Tinbergen N. On aims and methods in ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 1963, 20:410-433.
114. Turiel E. The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention 1983, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
115. Vygotsy L.S. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes 1978, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
116. Webb N.M. Collaborative group versus individual assessment in mathematics: Processes and outcomes. Educational Assessment 1993, 1(2):131-152.
117. Webb N.M. Assessing students in small collaborative groups. Theory into Practice 1997, 205-213.
118. Webb N.M., Franke M.L., Ing M., Chan A., De T., Freund D., et al. The role of teacher instructional practices in student collaboration. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2008, 33(3):360-381.
119. Webb N.M., Palinscar A.S. Group processes in the classroom. Handbook of educational psychology 1996, 841-873. Prentice Hall, New York. D.C. Berliner, R.C. Calfee (Eds.).
120. Weinstock M., Neuman Y., Tabak I. Missing the point or missing the norms? Epistemological norms as predictors of students' ability to identify fallacious arguments. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2004, 29(1):77-94.
121. Willingham D.T. Critical thinking: Why is it so hard to teach?. Arts Education Policy Review 2008, 109(4):21-32.
122. Wirkala, C., & Kuhn, D. Problem-based learning in K-12 education: Is it effective and how does it achieve its effects? American Educational Research Journal, in press.