Drug repositioning in the treatment of malaria and TB

Future Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 3, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1413-1426

  Nzila, Alexis ^a   Ma, Zhenkun ^b   Chibale, Kelly ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR TB DRUG DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

6,7 DIHYDRO 2 NITRO 6 (4 TRIFLUOROMETHOXYBENZYLOXY) 5H IMIDAZO[2,1 B][1,3]OXAZINE; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLOFAZIMINE; CLOTRIMAZOLE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DAPSONE; DELAMANID; DOXYCYCLINE; ECONAZOLE; FOSMIDOMYCIN; IMIPENEM; LINEZOLID; MALORPRIM; MEROPENEM; METAKELFIN; METHOTREXATE; METRONIDAZOLE; MOXIFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; PNU 100480; PYRIMETHAMINE PLUS SULFADOXINE; SULFADIAZINE; SULFANILAMIDE; SULFONAMIDE; SULFONE DERIVATIVE; THIORIDAZINE; TINIDAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG REPOSITIONING; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG STRUCTURE; HUMAN; MALARIA; MIXED INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUBERCULOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTIMALARIALS; ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; DRUG REPOSITIONING; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; MALARIA; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY;

EID: 80052407493     PISSN: 17568919     EISSN: 17568927     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.95     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Vitoria M, Granich R, Gilks CF et al. The global fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria: current status and future perspectives. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 131, 844-848 (2009).
2. Kokwaro G, Mwai L, Nzila A. Artemether/ lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Falciparum malaria. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 8, 75-94 (2007). (Pubitemid 46070831)
3. Dondorp AM, Nosten F, Yi P et al. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 455-467 (2009).
4. Okombo J, Ohuma E, Picot S et al. Update on genetic markers of quinine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 177, 77-82 (2011).
5. Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe Falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 376, 1647-1657 (2010).
6. Caminero JA, Sotgiu G, Zumla A et al. Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10, 621-629 (2010).
7. Lienhardt C, Vernon A, Raviglione MC. New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: review of the drug development pipeline and implications for national programmes. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 16, 186-193 (2010).
8. Ma Z, Lienhardt C, McIlleron H et al. Global tuberculosis drug development pipeline: the need and the reality. Lancet 375, 2100-2109 (2010).
9. Ashburn TT, Thor KB. Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3, 673-683 (2004). (Pubitemid 39173508)
10. Campas C. Drug repositioning summit: finding new routes to success. Drug News Perspect. 22, 126-128 (2009).
11. Hakulinen E. Prontosil. A German coloring agent which became the current sulfa. Lakartidningen 90, 1401-1402 (1993).
12. Nzila A. The past, present and future of antifolates in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57, 1043-1054 (2006). (Pubitemid 44644404)
13. Gosling RD, Cairns ME, Chico RM et al. Intermittent preventive treatment against malaria: an update. Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 8, 589-606 (2010).
14. Fanello CI, Karema C, Avellino P et al. High risk of severe anaemia after chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate antimalarial treatment in patients with G6PD (A-) deficiency. PLoS ONE 3, e4031 (2008).
15. Libecco JA, Powell KR. Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole: clinical update. Pediatr. Rev. 25, 375-380 (2004).
16. Bloland PB, Redd SC, Kazembe P et al. Co-trimoxazole for childhood febrile illness in malaria-endemic regions. Lancet 337, 518-520 (1991).
17. Daramola OO, Alonso PL, O'Dempsey TJ et al. Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in the Gambia to co-trimoxazole. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85, 345-348 (1991).
18. Hamel MJ, Holtz T, Mkandala C et al. Efficacy of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus erythromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children with integrated management of childhood illness dual classifications of malaria and pneumonia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 609-615 (2005). (Pubitemid 41324270)
19. Peters W. Chemotherapy and Drug Resistance in Malaria Volume 2 Peters W (Ed.).Academic Press Limited, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 593-658 (1987).
20. Fehintola FA. Cotrimoxazole, clinical uses and malaria chemotherapy. Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. 39, 63-68 (2010).
21. Malamba SS, Mermin J, Reingold A et al. Effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis taken by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected persons on the selection of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant malaria parasites among HIV-uninfected household members. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 75, 375-380 (2006). (Pubitemid 46941293)
22. Sheehy TW, Dempsey H. Methotrexate therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria. JAMA 214, 109-114 (1970).
23. Wildbolz A. Methotrexate in the therapy of malaria. Ther. Umsch 30, 218-222 (1973).
24. Fong CM, Lee AC. High-dose methotrexate-associated acute renal failure may be an avoidable complication. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 23, 51-57 (2006). (Pubitemid 41769974)
25. Swierkot J, Szechinski J. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol. Rep. 58, 473-492 (2006). (Pubitemid 44383273)
26. Niehues T, Lankisch P. Recommendations for the use of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paediatr. Drugs 8, 347-356 (2006). (Pubitemid 44912719)
27. Krishna Sumanth M, Sharma VK, Khaitan BK et al. Evaluation of oral methotrexate in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Int. J. Dermatol. 46, 218-223 (2007). (Pubitemid 46671707)
28. Domenech E, Manosa M, Navarro M et al. Long-term methotrexate for Crohn's disease: safety and efficacy in clinical practice. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 42, 395-399 (2008). (Pubitemid 351450625)
29. Montero Mora P, Gonzalez Perez Mdel C, Almeida Arvizu V et al. Autoimmune urticaria. Treatment with methotrexate. Rev. Alerg. Mex. 51, 167-172 (2004).
30. Novak K, Swain MG. Role of methotrexate in the treatment of chronic cholestatic disorders. Clin. Liver Dis. 12, 81-96, viii (2008). (Pubitemid 351175656)
31. Specks U. Methotrexate for Wegener's granulomatosis: what is the evidence? Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2237-2242 (2005). (Pubitemid 41117404)
32. Gong Y, Gluud C. Methotrexate for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD004385 (2005).
33. Wong JM, Esdaile JM. Methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 14, 101-105 (2005). (Pubitemid 40327659)
34. Kiara SM, Okombo J, Masseno V et al. In vitro activity of antifolate and polymorphism in dihydrofolate reductase of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Kenyan coast: emergence of parasites with Ile-164-Leu mutation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 3793-3798 (2009).
35. Chladek J, Grim J, Martinkova J et al. Low-dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the therapy of severe psoriasis. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 96, 247-248 (2005). (Pubitemid 40388005)
36. Godfrey C, Sweeney K, Miller K et al. The population pharmacokinetics of long-term methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 46, 369-376 (1998).
37. Chilengi R, Juma R, Abdallah AM et al. A phase I trial to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate as an anti-malarial drug in Kenyan adult healthy volunteers. Malar. J. 10, 63 (2011).
38. Coatney GR, Greenberg J. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of malaria. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 55, 1075-1081 (1952).
39. Wiesner J, Reichenberg A, Heinrich S et al. The plastid-like organelle of apicomplexan parasites as drug target. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14, 855-871 (2008). (Pubitemid 351736418)
40. Lim L, McFadden GI. The evolution, metabolism and functions of the apicoplast. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 365, 749-763 (2010).
41. Pradel G, Schlitzer M. Antibiotics in malaria therapy and their effect on the parasite apicoplast. Curr. Mol. Med. 10, 335-349 (2010).
42. Jacquerioz FA, Croft AM. Drugs for preventing malaria in travellers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD006491 (2009).
43. Kremsner PG, Winkler S, Brandts C et al. Curing of chloroquine-resistant malaria with clindamycin. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49, 650-654 (1993). (Pubitemid 23352222)
44. Dunne MW, Singh N, Shukla M et al. A multicenter study of azithromycin, alone and in combination with chloroquine, for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. J. Infect. Dis. 191, 1582-1588 (2005). (Pubitemid 40656745)
45. Dunne MW, Singh N, Shukla M et al. A double-blind, randomized study of azithromycin compared with chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in India. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 1108-1111 (2005). (Pubitemid 43038263)
46. Thriemer K, Starzengruber P, Khan WA et al. Azithromycin combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangladesh: an open-label randomized, controlled clinical trial. J. Infect. Dis. 202, 392-398 (2010).
47. Ohrt C, Willingmyre GD, Lee P et al. Assessment of azithromycin in combination with other antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2518-2524 (2002). (Pubitemid 34793458)
48. Chico RM, Pittrof R, Greenwood B et al. Azithromycin-chloroquine and the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Malar. J. 7, 255 (2008).
49. Oyakhirome S, Issifou S, Pongratz P et al. Randomized controlled trial of fosmidomycin-clindamycin versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 1869-1871 (2007). (Pubitemid 46744177)
50. Borrmann S, Lundgren I, Oyakhirome S et al. Fosmidomycin plus clindamycin for treatment of pediatric patients aged 1 to 14 years with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 2713-2718 (2006). (Pubitemid 44198692)
51. Borrmann S, Adegnika AA, Moussavou F et al. Short-course regimens of artesunate-fosmidomycin in treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 3749-3754 (2005). (Pubitemid 41233027)
52. James RF. Malaria treated with emetine or metronidazole. Lancet 2, 498 (1985). (Pubitemid 15013946)
53. Granizo JJ, Pia Rodicio M, Manso FJ et al. Tinidazole: a classical anaerobical drug with multiple potential uses nowadays. Rev. Esp. Quimioter. 22, 106-114 (2009).
54. Fung HB, Kirschenbaum HL, Ojofeitimi BO. Linezolid: an oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent. Clin. Ther. 23, 356-391 (2001).
55. Tato M, de la Pedrosa EG, Canton R et al. In vitro activity of linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis isolates. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 28, 75-78 (2006).
56. Ntziora F, Falagas ME. Linezolid for the treatment of patients with [corrected] mycobacterial infections [corrected] a systematic review. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 11, 606-611 (2007). (Pubitemid 46868619)
57. Dietze R, Hadad DJ, McGee B et al. Early and extended early bactericidal activity of linezolid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 178, 1180-1185 (2008).
58. Williams KN, Brickner SJ, Stover CK et al. Addition of PNU-100480 to first-line drugs shortens the time needed to cure murine tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 180, 371-376 (2009).
59. Williams KN, Stover CK, Zhu T et al. Promising antituberculosis activity of the oxazolidinone PNU-100480 relative to that of linezolid in a murine model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 1314-1319 (2009).
60. Cross JT. Fluoroquinolones. Sem. Pediat. Infect. Dis. 12, 211-223 (2001).
61. Ginsburg AS, Hooper N, Parrish N et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37, 1448-1452 (2003). (Pubitemid 37494671)
62. Nuermberger EL, Yoshimatsu T, Tyagi S et al. Moxifloxacin-containing regimens of reduced duration produce a stable cure in murine tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170, 1131-1134 (2004). (Pubitemid 39488628)
63. Conde MB, Efron A, Loredo C et al. Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in the initial treatment of tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomised, controlled phase II trial. Lancet 373, 1183-1189 (2009).
64. Dorman SE, Johnson JL, Goldberg S et al. Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid during intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 180, 273-280 (2009).
65. Reddy VM, O'Sullivan JF, Gangadharam PR. Antimycobacterial activities of riminophenazines. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43, 615-623 (1999). (Pubitemid 29231686)
66. Browne SG, Hogerzeil LM. B 663 in the treatment of leprosy. Preliminary report of a pilot trial. Lepr. Rev. 33, 6-10 (1962).
67. Van Rensburg CEJ, Anderson R, O'Sullivan JF. Riminophenazine compounds: pharmacology and anti-neoplastic potential. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 25, 55-67 (1997). (Pubitemid 27138048)
68. Tomioka H. Present status and future prospects of chemotherapeutics for intractable infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Curr. Drug Discov. Technol. 1, 255-268 (2004).
69. Ruff P, Chasen MR, Long JE et al. A phase II study of oral clofazimine in unresectable and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Oncol. 9, 217-219 (1998). (Pubitemid 28123626)
70. Holdiness MR. Clinical pharmacokinetics of clofazimine. A review. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 16, 74-85 (1989).
71. Flores AR, Parsons LM, Pavelka MS, Jr. Genetic analysis of the βlactamases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis and susceptibility to βlactam antibiotics. Microbiology 151, 521-532 (2005). (Pubitemid 40277755)
72. Shahid M, Sobia F, Singh A et al. βlactams and βlactamase- inhibitors in current- or potential-clinical practice: a comprehensive update. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 35, 81-108 (2009).
73. White AR, Kaye C, Poupard J et al. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection: a review of the continuing development of an innovative antimicrobial agent. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53(Suppl. 1), i3-i20 (2004). (Pubitemid 38239992)
74. Hugonnet JE, Blanchard JS. Irreversible inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis βlactamase by clavulanate. Biochem 46, 11998-12004 (2007). (Pubitemid 350022357)
75. Coban AY, Bilgin K, Tasdelen Fisgin N et al. Effect of meropenem against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Chemother. 20, 395-396 (2008). (Pubitemid 351998909)
76. Holzgrabe U. Meropenem-clavulanate: a new strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis? ChemMedChem 4, 1051-1053 (2009).
77. Hugonnet JE, Tremblay LW, Boshoff HI et al. Meropenem-clavulanate is effective against extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science 323, 1215-1218 (2009).
78. Kristiansen JE, Vergmann B. The antibacterial effect of selected phenothiazines and thioxanthenes on slow-growing mycobacteria. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. B 94, 393-398 (1986). (Pubitemid 17008869)
79. van Soolingen D, Hernandez-Pando R, Orozco H et al. The antipsychotic thioridazine shows promising therapeutic activity in a mouse model of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS One 5 (2010).
80. Weinstein EA, Yano T, Li LS et al. Inhibitors of type II NADH:menaquinone oxidoreductase represent a class of antitubercular drugs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4548-4553 (2005). (Pubitemid 40397149)
81. Rao SP, Alonso S, Rand L et al. The protonmotive force is required for maintaining ATP homeostasis and viability of hypoxic, nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11945-11950 (2008).
82. Amaral L, Boeree MJ, Gillespie SH et al. Thioridazine cures extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and the need for global trials is now! Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 35, 524-526 (2010).
83. Wayne LG, Sramek HA. Metronidazole is bactericidal to dormant cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2054-2058 (1994). (Pubitemid 24278800)
84. Voskuil MI, Schnappinger D, Visconti KC et al. Inhibition of respiration by nitric oxide induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy program. J. Exp. Med. 198, 705-713 (2003). (Pubitemid 37087770)
85. Desai CR, Heera S, Patel A et al. Role of metronidazole in improving response and specific drug sensitivity in advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Assoc. Physicians India 37, 694-697 (1989).
86. Ginsberg AM. Drugs in development for tuberculosis. Drugs 70, 2210-2214 (2010).
87. Denny W, Palmer DB. Nitroimidazooxazines (PA-824 and analogs): structure-activity relationship and mechanistic studies. Future Med. Chem. 2, 1295-1304 (2010).
88. Ferreira ME, Colombo AL, Paulsen I et al. The ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, transporter genes, and azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Med. Mycol. 43(Suppl. 1), S313-319 (2005). (Pubitemid 41038584)
89. Ahmad Z, Sharma S & Khuller GK. Azole antifungals as novel chemotherapeutic agents against murine tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 261, 181-186 (2006). (Pubitemid 44134150)
90. Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK. The potential of azole antifungals against latent/persistent tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 258, 200-203 (2006).
91. Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK et al. Antimycobacterial activity of econazole against multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 28, 543-544 (2006). (Pubitemid 44779183)
92. Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK. Chemotherapeutic evaluation of alginate nanoparticle-encapsulated azole antifungal and antitubercular drugs against murine tuberculosis. Nanomedicine 3, 239-243 (2007). (Pubitemid 47332342)
93. Parikh S, Gut J, Istvan E et al. Antimalarial activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 2983-2985 (2005). (Pubitemid 40917621)
94. Skinner-Adams TS, McCarthy JS, Gardiner DL et al. Antiretrovirals as antimalarial agents. J. Infect. Dis. 190, 1998-2000 (2004). (Pubitemid 39564706)
95. Hobbs CV, Voza T, Coppi A et al. HIV protease inhibitors inhibit the development of preerythrocytic-stage plasmodium parasites. J. Infect. Dis. 199, 134-141 (2009).
96. Bhusal Y, Shiohira CM, Yamane N. Determination of in vitro synergy when three antimicrobial agents are combined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 26, 292-297 (2005). (Pubitemid 41338656)
97. Kinnings SL, Liu N, Buchmeier N et al. Drug discovery using chemical systems biology: repositioning the safe medicine Comtan to treat multi-drug and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000423 (2009).
98. Chong CR, Chen X, Shi L et al. A clinical drug library screen identifies astemizole as an antimalarial agent. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2, 415-416 (2006). (Pubitemid 44114918)
99. Lougheed KE, Taylor DL, Osborne SA et al. New anti-tuberculosis agents amongst known drugs. Tuberculosis 89, 364-370 (2009).
100. Mao J, Wang Y, Wan B et al. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of mefloquine-based ligands as novel antituberculosis agents. ChemMedChem 2, 1624-1630 (2007).
101. Goncalves RS, Kaiser CR, Lourenco MC et al. Synthesis and antitubercular activity of new mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 45, 6095-6100 (2010).
102. Upadhayaya RS, Lahore SV, Sayyed AY et al. Conformationally-constrained indeno[2,1-c] quinolines - a new class of anti-mycobacterial agents. Org. Biomol. Chem. 8, 2180-2197 (2010).
103. Upadhayaya RS, Shinde PD, Sayyed AY et al. Synthesis and structure of azole-fused indeno[2,1-c]quinolines and their anti-mycobacterial properties. Org. Biomol. Chem. 8, 5661-5673 (2010).