Modification of selected bacteria and markers of protein fermentation in the distal gastrointestinal tract of pigs upon consumption of chitosan is accompanied by heightened manure odor emissions

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 89, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1366-1375

  O'Shea, C J ^a   Sweeney, T ^a   Lynch, M B ^a   Callan, J J ^a   O'Doherty, J V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Enterobacteriaceae; Lactobacilli; Odor; Pig; Volatile fatty acid

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; LACTOBACILLUS; SUIDAE;

AMMONIA; CHITOSAN; VOLATILE FATTY ACID;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; LACTOBACILLUS; MALE; MANURE; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; ODOR; PH; PROTEIN INTAKE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SWINE;

AMMONIA; ANIMALS; CHITOSAN; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; DIETARY PROTEINS; FATTY ACIDS, VOLATILE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LACTOBACILLUS; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; MALE; MANURE; ODORS; SWINE;

EID: 80051849561     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2922     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Alexopoulos, C., I. E. Georgoulakis, A. Tzivara, S. K. Kritas, A. Siochu, and S. C. Kyriakis. 2004. Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores, on the health status and performance of sows and their litters. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 88:381-392.
2. AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC.
3. Blachier, F., F. Mariotti, J. F. Huneau, and D. Tome. 2007. Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences. Amino Acids 33:547-562.
4. Clark, O. G., S. Moehn, I. Edeogu, J. Price, and J. Leonard. 2005. Manipulation of dietary protein and nonstarch polysaccharide to control swine manure emissions. J. Environ. Qual. 34:1461-1466.
5. Claus, R., D. Losel, M. Lacorn, J. Mentschel, and H. Schenkel. 2003. Effects of butyrate on apoptosis in the pig colon and its consequences for skatole formation and tissue accumulation. J. Anim. Sci. 81:239-248.
6. Close, W. H. 1994. Feeding new genotypes: Establishing amino acid/ energy requirements. Page 123-140 in Principles of Pig Science. D. J. A. Cole, J. Wiseman, and M. A. Varley, ed. Nottingham University Press, Loughborough, Leics, UK.
7. Conway, E. J. 1957. Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error. Crosby Lockwood and Son, London, UK.
8. Cummings, J. H., and H. N. Englyst. 1987. Fermentation in the human large intestine and the available substrates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45:1243-1255.
9. Demeckova, V., D. Kelly, A. G. P. Coutts, P. H. Brooks, and A. Campbell. 2002. The effect of fermented liquid feeding on the faecal microbiology and colostrum quality of farrowing sows. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 79:85-97.
10. Etheridge, R. D., G. M. Pesti, and E. H. Foster. 1998. A comparison of nitrogen values obtained utilizing the Kjeldahl nitrogen and Dumas combustion methodologies (Leco CNS 2000) on samples typical of an animal nutrition analytical laboratory. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 73:21-28.
11. Fuller, R., and B. E. Brooker. 1974. Lactobacilli which attach to the crop epithelium of the fowl. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:1305-1312.
12. Garry, B. P., M. Fogarty, T. P. Curran, M. J. O'Connell, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2007a. The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions. Animal 1:751-757.
13. Garry, B. P., M. Fogarty, T. P. Curran, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2007b. Effect of cereal type and exogenous enzyme supplementation in pig diets on odour and ammonia emissions. Livest. Sci. 109:212-215.
14. Hayes, E. T., A. B. Leek, T. P. Curran, V. A. Dodd, O. T. Carton, V. E. Beattie, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2004. The influence of diet crude protein level on odour and ammonia emissions from finishing pig houses. Bioresour. Technol. 91:309-315.
15. Hobbs, P. J., T. H. Misselbrook, M. S. Dhanoa, and K. C. Persaud. 2001. Development of a relationship between olfactory response and major odorants from organic wastes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 81:188-193.
16. Hobbs, P. J., T. H. Misselbrook, and B. F. Pain. 1995. Assessment of odours from livestock wastes by a photoionization detector, an electronic nose, olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 60:137-144.
17. Hobbs, P. J., T. H. Misselbrook, and B. F. Pain. 1997. Characterisation of odorous compounds and emissions from slurries produced from weaner pigs fed dry feed and liquid diets. J. Sci. Food Agric. 73:437-445.
18. Iwaki, K., N. Nimura, Y. Hiraga, T. Kinoshita, K. Takeda, and H. Ogura. 1987. Amino acid analysis by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 407:273-279.
19. Jeon, Y.-J., P.-J. Park, and S.-K. Kim. 2001. Antimicrobial effect of chitooligosaccharides produced by bioreactor. Carbohydr. Polym. 44:71-76.
20. Juven, B. J., R. J. Meinersmann, and N. J. Stern. 1991. A review: Antagonistic effects of lactobacilli and pediococci to control intestinal colonization by human enteropathogens in live poultry. J. Appl. Microbiol. 70:95-103.
21. Le, P. D., A. J. A. Aarnink, N. W. M. Ogink, P. M. Becker, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2005. Odour from animal production facilities: Its relationship to diet. Nutr. Res. Rev. 18:3-30.
22. Leek, A. B. G., J. J. Callan, R. W. Henry, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2005. The application of low crude protein wheat-soyabean diets to growing and finishing pigs: 2.The effects on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, faecal volatile fatty acid concentration and ammonia emission from boars. Ir. J. Agric. Food Res. 44:247-260.
23. Leek, A. B. G., E. T. Hayes, T. P. Curran, J. J. Callan, V. E. Beattie, V. A. Dodd, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2007. The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein. Bioresour. Technol. 98:3431-3439.
24. Lynch, M. B., C. J. O'Shea, T. Sweeney, J. J. Callan, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2008. Effect of crude protein concentration and sugar- beet pulp on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal fermentation and manure ammonia and odour emissions from finisher pigs. Animal 2:425-434.
25. Lynch, M. B., T. Sweeney, J. J. Callan, B. Flynn, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2007. The effect of high and low dietary crude protein and inulin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora and manure ammonia emissions from finisher pigs. Animal 1:1112-1121.
26. Macfarlane, S., M. E. Quigley, M. J. Hopkins, D. F. Newton, and G. T. Macfarlane. 1998. Polysaccharide degradation by human intestinal bacteria during growth under multi-substrate limiting conditions in a three-stage continuous culture system. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 26:231-243.
27. Mackie, R. I., P. G. Stroot, and V. H. Varel. 1998. Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1331-1342.
28. Mariscal-Landin, G., B. Seve, Y. Colleaux, and Y. Lebreton. 1995. Endogenous amino nitrogen collected from pigs with end-to-end ileorectal anastomosis is affected by the method of estimation and altered by dietary fiber. J. Nutr. 125:136-146.
29. Mosenthin, R., W. C. Sauer, R. Blank, J. Huisman, and M. Z. Fan. 2000. The concept of digestible amino acids in diet formulation for pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 64:265-280.
30. No, H. K., S. H. Lee, N. Y. Park, and S. P. Meyers. 2003. Comparison of physicochemical, binding, and antibacterial properties of chitosans prepared without and with deproteinization process. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:7659-7663.
31. No, H. K., N. Young Park, S. Ho Lee, and S. P. Meyers. 2002. Antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 74:65-72.
32. Nugent, S. G., D. Kumar, D. S. Rampton, and D. F. Evans. 2001. Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs. Gut 48:571-577.
33. Nyachoti, C. M., F. O. Omogbenigun, M. Rademacher, and G. Blank. 2006. Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:125-134.
34. O'Connell, J. M., J. J. Callan, C. Byrne, T. Sweeney, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2005. The effect of cereal type and exogenous enzyme supplementation in pig diets on nutrient digestibility, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emissions. Anim. Sci. 81:357-364.
35. O'Shea, C. J., B. Lynch, M. B. Lynch, J. J. Callan, and J. V. O'Doherty. 2009. Ammonia emissions and dry matter of separated pig manure fractions as affected by crude protein concentration and sugar beet pulp inclusion of finishing pig diets. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 131:154-160.
36. Pauly, C., P. Spring, J. V. O'Doherty, S. Ampuero Kragten, and G. Bee. 2008. Performances, meat quality and boar taint of castrates and entire male pigs fed a standard and a raw potato starch-enriched diet. Animal 2:1707-1715.
37. Porter, M. G., and R. S. Murray. 2001. The volatility of components of grass silage on oven drying and the inter-relationship between dry-matter content estimated by different analytical methods. Grass Forage Sci. 56:405-411.
38. Rasmussen, H. S., K. Holtug, and P. B. Mortensen. 1988. Degradation of amino acids to short-chain fatty acids in humans: An in vitro study. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 23:178-182.
39. Sauvant, D., J.-M. Perez, and G. Tran. 2004. Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Feed Materials. Pigs, Poultry, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Rabbits, Horses, Fish. 2nd ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
40. Schiffman, S. S., E. A. Sattely Miller, M. S. Suggs, and B. G. Graham. 1995. The effect of environmental odors emanating from commercial swine operations on the mood of nearby residents. Brain Res. Bull. 37:369-375.
41. Tannock, G. W. 1995. Microecology of the gastrointestinal tract in relation to lactic acid bacteria. Int. Dairy J. 5:1059-1070.
42. Tannock, G. W. 2004. A special fondness for lactobacilli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3189-3194.
43. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
44. van Winsen, R. L., B. A. P. Urlings, L. J. A. Lipman, J. M. A. Snijders, D. Keuzenkamp, J. H. M. Verheijden, and F. van Knapen. 2001. Effect of fermented feed on the microbial population of the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:3071-3076.
45. Vernazza, C. L., G. R. Gibson, and R. A. Rastall. 2005. In vitro fermentation of chitosan derivatives by mixed cultures of human faecal bacteria. Carbohydr. Polym. 60:539-545.
46. Zhu, J. 2000. A review of microbiology in swine manure odor control. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 78:93-106.