Chronic divalproex sodium to attenuate agitation and clinical progression of Alzheimer disease

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 68, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 853-861

  Tariot, Pierre N ^a,b   Schneider, Lon S ^c   Cummings, Jeffrey ^d,e   Thomas, Ronald G ^f,g   Raman, Rema ^f,g   Jakimovich, Laura J ^a   Loy, Rebekah ^h   Bartocci, Barbara ^g   Fleisher, Adam ^a,g   Ismail, M Saleem ^h   Porsteinsson, Anton ^h   Weiner, Michael ⁱ   Jack Jr , Clifford R ^j   Thal, Leon ^g   Aisen, Paul S ^g  

^a BANNER ALZHEIMER S INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e CLEVELAND CLINIC LOU RUVO CENTER FOR BRAIN HEALTH   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; MEMANTINE; PLACEBO; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM;

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT; ADULT; AGED; AGITATION; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANOREXIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; APATHY; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ASTHENIA; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BACKACHE; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; BLURRED VISION; BRAIN SIZE; CONFUSION; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUGHING; CRYING; DELUSION; DEPRESSION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE COURSE; DIZZINESS; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSPNEA; FALLING; FECES INCONTINENCE; GAIT DISORDER; HALLUCINATION; HAZARD RATIO; HEADACHE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HYPERHIDROSIS; INSOMNIA; JOINT SWELLING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTICENTER STUDY; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; NEUTROPHIL COUNT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PNEUMONIA; POLLAKISURIA; PSYCHOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RASH; RESTLESSNESS; RHINOPHARYNGITIS; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; SOMNOLENCE; SYNCOPE; THORAX PAIN; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; TREMOR; UNITED STATES; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URINE INCONTINENCE; VOMITING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATROPHY; BRAIN; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 79961230030     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.72     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44(12):2308-2314. (Pubitemid 24382728)
2. Lyketsos CG, Steinberg M, Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Steffens DC, Breitner JC. Mental and behavioral disturbances in dementia: findings from the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(5):708-714. (Pubitemid 30249648)
3. Paulsen JS, Salmon DP, Thal LJ, Romero R, Weisstein-Jenkins C, Galasko D, Hofstetter CR, Thomas R, Grant I, Jeste DV. Incidence of and risk factors for hallucinations and delusions in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2000;54:1965-1971. (Pubitemid 30327121)
4. Cohen-Mansfield J, Werner P. Longitudinal changes in behavioral problems in old age: a study in an adult day care population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998;53(1):M65-M71. (Pubitemid 128763924)
5. Rabins PV, Blacker D, Rovner BW, Rummans T, Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Blass DM, McIntyre JS, Charles SC, Anzia DJ, Cook IA, Finnerty MT, Johnson BR, Nininger JE, Schneidman B, Summergrad P, Woods SM, Berger J, Cross CD, Brandt HA, Margolis PM, Shemo JP, Blinder BJ, Duncan DL, Barnovitz MA, Carino AJ, Freyberg ZZ, Gray SH, Tonnu T, Kunkle R, Albert AB, Craig TJ, Regier DA, Fochtmann LJ; American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines Work Group on Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with dementia and other dementias, 2nd ed. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(12)(suppl):5-56.
6. Tariot PN, Mack JL, Patterson MB, Edland SD, Weiner MF, Fillenbaum G, Blazina L, Teri L, Rubin E, Mortimer JA, Stern Y; the CERAD Behavioral Pathology Committee. The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1349-1357.
7. Cohen-Mansfield J, Billig N. Agitated behaviors in the elderly, I: a conceptual review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34(10):711-721. (Pubitemid 16028163)
8. Levy ML, Cummings JL, Fairbanks LA, Bravi D, Calvani M, Carta A. Longitudinal assessment of symptoms of depression, agitation, and psychosis in 181 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(11):1438-1443. (Pubitemid 26365458)
9. Morris JC, Cyrus PA, Orazem J, Mas J, Bieber F, Ruzicka BB, Gulanski B. Metrifonate benefits cognitive, behavioral, and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1998;50(5):1222-1230. (Pubitemid 28240332)
10. Raskind MA, Cyrus PA, Ruzicka BB, Gulanski BI; Metrifonate Study Group. The effects of metrifonate on the cognitive, behavioral, and functional performance of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(5):318-325. (Pubitemid 29246898)
11. Hope T, Keene J, Fairburn CG, Jacoby R, McShane R. Natural history of behavioural changes and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:39-44. (Pubitemid 29037882)
12. McShane R, Keene J, Fairburn C, Jacoby R, Hope T. Psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia predict the later development of behavioural abnormalities. Psychol Med. 1998;28(5):1119-1127. (Pubitemid 28458468)
13. Devanand DP, Jacobs DM, Tang MX, Del Castillo-Castaneda C, Sano M, Marder K, Bell K, Bylsma FW, Brandt J, Albert M, Stern Y. The course of psychopathologic features in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54(3):257-263. (Pubitemid 27132054)
14. McCarty HJ, Roth DL, Goode KT, Owen JE, Harrell L, Donovan K, Haley WE. Longitudinal course of behavioral problems during Alzheimer's disease: linear versus curvilinear patterns of decline. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000; 55(4):M200-M206. (Pubitemid 30257615)
15. Aarsland D, Cummings JL, Yenner G, Miller B. Relationship of aggressive behavior to other neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(2):243-247. (Pubitemid 26038967)
16. Gilley DW, Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Evans DA. Psychotic symptoms and physically aggressive behavior in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(9):1074-1079. (Pubitemid 27377553)
17. Jeste DV, Blazer D, Casey D, Meeks T, Salzman C, Schneider L, Tariot PN, Yaffe K. ACNP white paper: update on use of antipsychotic drugs in elderly persons with dementia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008;33(5):957-970. (Pubitemid 351367549)
18. Porsteinsson AP, Tariot PN, Erb R, Cox C, Smith E, Jakimovich L, Noviasky J, Kowalski N, Holt CJ, Irvine C. Placebo-controlled study of divalproex sodium for agitation in dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;9(1):58-66. (Pubitemid 32062073)
19. Tariot PN, Schneider L, Mintzer J, Cutler A, Cunningham M, Thomas J, Somerville K. Safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium for the treatment of signs and symptoms of mania in elderly patients with dementia: results of a doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2001;62(1):51-67. (Pubitemid 32493031)
20. 2+ deregulation, and cytoskeletal pathology. Neurobiol Aging. 1995;16(2):187-198.
21. Chen G, Zeng WZ, Yuan PX, Huang LD, Jiang YM, Zhao ZH, Manji HK. The moodstabilizing agents lithium and valproate robustly increase the levels of the neuroprotective protein bcl-2 in the CNS. J Neurochem. 1999;72(2):879-882. (Pubitemid 29055256)
22. Chen G, Huang LD, Jiang YM, Manji HK. The mood-stabilizing agent valproate inhibits the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3. J Neurochem. 1999;72(3):1327-1330. (Pubitemid 29085050)
23. Imahori K, Uchida T. Physiology and pathology of tau protein kinases in relation to Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem. 1997;121(2):179-188. (Pubitemid 27096190)
24. Bennett GD, Wlodarczyk B, Calvin JA, Craig JC, Finnell RH. Valproic acid-induced alterations in growth and neurotrophic factor gene expression in murine embryos [published correction appears in Reprod Toxicol. 2000;14(2)181]. Reprod Toxicol. 2000;14(1):1-11.
25. Phiel CJ, Zhang F, Huang EY, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Klein PS. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(39):36734-36741.
26. Tariot PN, Loy R, Ryan JM, Porsteinsson A, Ismail S. Mood stabilizers in Alzheimer's disease: symptomatic and neuroprotective rationales. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002;54(12):1567-1577. (Pubitemid 35346831)
27. Profenno LA, Jakimovich L, Holt C, Porsteinsson A, Tariot PN. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of safety and tolerability of two doses of divalproex sodium in outpatients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005;2(5):553-558. (Pubitemid 41703673)
28. Ripich DN. Functional communication with AD patients: a caregiver training program. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1994;8(suppl 3):95-109. (Pubitemid 24283713)
29. Ripich D, Ziol E, Fritsch T, Durand EJ. Training Alzheimer's disease caregivers for successful communication. Clin Gerontol. 1999;21:37-53.
30. Mohs RC, Knopman D, Petersen RC, Ferris SH, Ernesto C, Grundman M, Sano M, Bieliauskas L, Geldmacher D, Clark C, Thal LJ. Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: additions to the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope: The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997;11(suppl 2):S13-S21.
31. Galasko D, Bennett D, Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas R, Grundman M, Ferris S. An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997;11(suppl 2):S33-S39.
32. Berg L. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24(4):637-639. (Pubitemid 19054369)
33. Schneider LS, Olin JT, Doody RS, Clark CM, Morris JC, Reisberg B, Schmitt FA, Grundman M, Thomas RG, Ferris SH. Validity and reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change: the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997;11(suppl 2):S22-S32.
34. Logsdon RG, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, Teri L. Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: patient and caregiver reports. J Ment Health Aging. 1999;5:21-32. (Pubitemid 29235115)
35. Gunter JL, Shiung MM, Manduca A, Jack CR Jr. Methodological considerations for measuring rates of brain atrophy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18(1):16-24. (Pubitemid 36791264)
36. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, Klauber MR, Schafer K, Grndman M, Woodbury P, Growdon J, Cotman CW, Pfeiffer E, Schneider LS, Thal LJ; for the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. A controlled trial of selegiline, alphatocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease: the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(17):1216-1222. (Pubitemid 27183651)
37. Lachin JM, Foulkes MA. Evaluation of sample size and power for analyses of survival with allowance for nonuniform patient entry, losses to follow-up, noncompliance, and stratification. Biometrics. 1986;42(3):507-519.
38. Green RC, Schneider LS, Amato DA, Beelen AP, Wilcock G, Swabb EA, Zavitz KH; Tarenflurbil Phase 3 Study Group. Effect of tarenflurbil on cognitive decline and activities of daily living in patients with mild Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;302(23):2557-2564.
39. Su Y, Ryder J, Li B, Wu X, Fox N, Solenberg P, Brune K, Paul S, Zhou Y, Liu F, Ni B. Lithium, a common drug for bipolar disorder treatment, regulates amyloid-β precursor protein processing. Biochemistry. 2004;43(22):6899- 6908. (Pubitemid 38720508)
40. Qing H, He G, Ly PT, Fox CJ, Staufenbiel M, Cai F, Zhang Z, Wei S, Sun X, Chen CH, Zhou W, Wang K, Song W. Valproic acid inhibits Aβ production, neuritic plaque formation, and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. J Exp Med. 2008;205(12):2781-2789.
41. McLachlan RS. Pseudoatrophy of the brain with valproic acid monotherapy. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987;14(3):294-296. (Pubitemid 17147208)
42. Guerrini R, Belmonte A, Canapicchi R, Casalini C, Perucca E. Reversible pseudoatrophy of the brain and mental deterioration associated with valproate treatment. Epilepsia. 1998;39(1):27-32. (Pubitemid 28116838)
43. Yamanouchi H, Ota T, Imataka G, Nakagawa E, Eguchi M. Reversible altered consciousness with brain atrophy caused by valproic acid. Pediatr Neurol. 2003;28(5):382-384. (Pubitemid 36876139)
44. Galimberti CA, Diegoli M, Sartori I, Uggetti C, Brega A, Tartara A, Arbustini E. Brain pseudoatrophy and mental regression on valproate and a mitochondrial DNA mutation. Neurology. 2006;67(9):1715-1717. (Pubitemid 44747961)
45. Garcia M, Huppertz J, Ziyeh S, Buechert M, Schumacher M, Mader I. Valproate-induced changes in brain volume in patients with epilepsy: assessment with H-MRS. Epilepsia. 2009;50(3):486-492.
46. Tariot PN, Raman R, Jakimovich L, Schneider L, Porsteinsson A, Thomas R, Mintzer J, Brenner R, Schafer K, Thal L; Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study; Valproate Nursing Home Study Group. Divalproex sodium in nursing home residents with possible or probable Alzheimer Disease complicated by agitation: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13(11):942-949. (Pubitemid 46638660)