메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 139, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 2025-2045

Limited-area ensemble-based data assimilation

Author keywords

Data assimilation; Ensembles; Kalman filters; Model comparison; Numerical weather prediction; Variational analysis

Indexed keywords

DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLES; MODEL COMPARISON; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 79960730868     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2011MWR3418.1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (47)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 26444458316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based data assimilation for thermally forced circulations
    • (doi:10.1029/2004JD005718)
    • Aksoy, A., F. Zhang, J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, and C. C. Epifanio, 2005: Ensemble-based data assimilation for thermally forced circulations. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16105, doi:10.1029/2004JD005718.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Aksoy, A.1    Zhang, F.2    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.3    Epifanio, C.C.4
  • 2
    • 33750616040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based simultaneous state and parameter estimation with MM5
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL026186
    • Aksoy, A., F. Zhang, J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 2006a: Ensemble-based simultaneous state and parameter estimation with MM5. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12801, doi:10.1029/2006GL026186.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Aksoy, A.1    Zhang, F.2    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.3
  • 3
    • 33750467661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based simultaneous state and parameter estimation in a two-dimensional sea-breeze model
    • Aksoy, A., F. Zhang, J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 2006b: Ensemble-based simultaneous state and parameter estimation in a two-dimensional sea-breeze model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2951-2970.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2951-2970
    • Aksoy, A.1    Zhang, F.2    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.3
  • 4
    • 68249141511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicase comparative assessment of the ensemble Kalman filter for assimilation of radar observations, Part I: Storm-scale analyses
    • Aksoy, A., D. C. Dowell, and C. Snyder, 2009: A multicase comparative assessment of the ensemble Kalman filter for assimilation of radar observations. Part I: Storm-scale analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1805-1824.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 1805-1824
    • Aksoy, A.1    Dowell, D.C.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 5
    • 77955524010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicase comparative assessment of the ensemble Kalman filter for assimilation of radar observations. Part II: Short-range ensemble forecasts
    • Aksoy, A., D. C. Dowell, and C. Snyder, 2010: A multicase comparative assessment of the ensemble Kalman filter for assimilation of radar observations. Part II: Short-range ensemble forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1273-1292.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1273-1292
    • Aksoy, A.1    Dowell, D.C.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 6
    • 38049160114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing adjoint- and ensemble-sensitivity analysis with applications to observation targeting
    • Ancell, B., and G. J. Hakim, 2007: Comparing adjoint- and ensemble-sensitivity analysis with applications to observation targeting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 4117-4134.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 4117-4134
    • Ancell, B.1    Hakim, G.J.2
  • 7
    • 0035655814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter for data assimilation
    • Anderson, J. L., 2001: An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter for data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2884-2903.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 2884-2903
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 8
    • 34248655165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the need for localization in ensemble data assimilation using a hierarchical ensemble filter
    • Anderson, J. L., 2006: Exploring the need for localization in ensemble data assimilation using a hierarchical ensemble filter. Physica D, 230, 99-111.
    • (2006) Physica D , vol.230 , pp. 99-111
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 9
    • 58049084742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially and temporally varying adaptive covariance inflation for ensemble filters
    • Anderson, J. L., 2009: Spatially and temporally varying adaptive covariance inflation for ensemble filters. Tellus, 61A, 72-83.
    • (2009) Tellus , vol.61 A , pp. 72-83
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 10
    • 34548625197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scalable implementations of ensemble filter algorithms for data assimilation
    • Anderson, J. L., and N. Collins, 2007: Scalable implementations of ensemble filter algorithms for data assimilation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1452-1463.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.24 , pp. 1452-1463
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Collins, N.2
  • 11
    • 26244457168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of surface pressure observations using an ensemble filter in an idealized global atmospheric prediction system
    • Anderson, J. L., B. Wyman, S. Zhang, and T. Hoar, 2005: Assimilation of surface pressure observations using an ensemble filter in an idealized global atmospheric prediction system. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2925-2938.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2925-2938
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Wyman, B.2    Zhang, S.3    Hoar, T.4
  • 12
    • 17144401880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameter estimation in an atmospheric GCM using the ensemble Kalman filter
    • Annan, J. D., D. J. Lunt, J. C. Hargreaves, and P. J. Valdes, 2005: Parameter estimation in an atmospheric GCM using the ensemble Kalman filter. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 12, 363-371.
    • (2005) Nonlinear Processes Geophys , vol.12 , pp. 363-371
    • Annan, J.D.1    Lunt, D.J.2    Hargreaves, J.C.3    Valdes, P.J.4
  • 13
    • 79959620319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a strategy for the assimilation of satellite radiance observations with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter
    • Aravéquia, A. J., I. Szunyogh, E. J. Fertig, E. Kalnay, D. Kuhl, and E. J. Kostelich, 2011: Evaluation of a strategy for the assimilation of satellite radiance observations with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 1932-1951.
    • (2011) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.139 , pp. 1932-1951
    • Aravéquia, A.J.1    Szunyogh, I.2    Fertig, E.J.3    Kalnay, E.4    Kuhl, D.5    Kostelich, E.J.6
  • 14
    • 31344446619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern high-latitude ensemble data assimilation in the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System
    • Barker, D. M., 2005: Southern high-latitude ensemble data assimilation in the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3431-3449.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3431-3449
    • Barker, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 0000085181 scopus 로고
    • A technique for maximizing details in numerical weather map analysis
    • Barnes, S. L., 1964: A technique for maximizing details in numerical weather map analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 3, 396-409.
    • (1964) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.3 , pp. 396-409
    • Barnes, S.L.1
  • 16
    • 37649013078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphing ensemble Kalman filters
    • Beezley, J., and J. Mandel, 2008: Morphing ensemble Kalman filters. Tellus, 60A, 131-140.
    • (2008) Tellus , vol.60 A , pp. 131-140
    • Beezley, J.1    Mandel, J.2
  • 17
    • 77958479703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filtering of background error variances and correlations by local spatial averaging: A review
    • Berre, L., and G. Desroziers, 2010: Filtering of background error variances and correlations by local spatial averaging: A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 3693-3720.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 3693-3720
    • Berre, L.1    Desroziers, G.2
  • 18
    • 38849152191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow-adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble-based data assimilation
    • Bishop, C. H., and D. Hodyss, 2007: Flow-adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble-based data assimilation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 2029-2044.
    • (2007) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 2029-2044
    • Bishop, C.H.1    Hodyss, D.2
  • 19
    • 0035270690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: Theoretical aspects
    • Bishop, C. H., B. J. Etherton, and S. J. Majumdar, 2001: Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: Theoretical aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 420-436.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 420-436
    • Bishop, C.H.1    Etherton, B.J.2    Majumdar, S.J.3
  • 20
    • 57349184316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ensemble Kalman filter in an operational regional NWP system: Preliminary results with real observations
    • Bonavita, M., L. Torrisi, and F. Marcucci, 2008: The ensemble Kalman filter in an operational regional NWP system: Preliminary results with real observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1733-1744.
    • (2008) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 1733-1744
    • Bonavita, M.1    Torrisi, L.2    Marcucci, F.3
  • 21
    • 77249105379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble data assimilation with the CNMCA regional forecasting system
    • Bonavita, M., L. Torrisi, and F. Marcucci, 2010: Ensemble data assimilation with the CNMCA regional forecasting system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 132-145.
    • (2010) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 132-145
    • Bonavita, M.1    Torrisi, L.2    Marcucci, F.3
  • 22
    • 24944560859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-derived stationary and flow-dependent background-error covariances:Evaluation in a quasi-operational NWP setting
    • Buehner, M., 2005: Ensemble-derived stationary and flow-dependent background-error covariances:Evaluation in a quasi-operational NWP setting. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 1013-1043.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 1013-1043
    • Buehner, M.1
  • 23
    • 77955575343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of variational data assimilation and the ensemble Kalman filter for global deterministic NWP. Part I: Description and single-observation experiments
    • Buehner, M., P. L. Houtekamer, C. Charette, H. L. Mitchell, and B. He, 2010a: Intercomparison of variational data assimilation and the ensemble Kalman filter for global deterministic NWP. Part I: Description and single-observation experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1550-1566.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1550-1566
    • Buehner, M.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2    Charette, C.3    Mitchell, H.L.4    He, B.5
  • 24
    • 77953851971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of variational data assimilation and the ensemble Kalman filter for global deterministic NWP. Part II: One-month experiments with real observations
    • Buehner, M., P. L. Houtekamer, C. Charette, H. L. Mitchell, and B. He, 2010b: Intercomparison of variational data assimilation and the ensemble Kalman filter for global deterministic NWP. Part II: One-month experiments with real observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1567-1586.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1567-1586
    • Buehner, M.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2    Charette, C.3    Mitchell, H.L.4    He, B.5
  • 25
    • 24144470136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison between the 4DVAR and the ensemble Kalman filter techniques for radar data assimilation
    • Caya, A., J. Sun, and C. Snyder, 2005: A comparison between the 4DVAR and the ensemble Kalman filter techniques for radar data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3081-3094.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3081-3094
    • Caya, A.1    Sun, J.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 26
    • 33645278639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter of synthetic radial wind data in anisotropic turbulence: Perfect model experiments
    • Charron, M., P. L. Houtekamer, and P. Bartello, 2006: Assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter of synthetic radial wind data in anisotropic turbulence: Perfect model experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 618-637.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 618-637
    • Charron, M.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2    Bartello, P.3
  • 27
    • 34249667650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilating vortex position with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Chen, Y., and C. Snyder, 2007: Assimilating vortex position with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1828-1845.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 1828-1845
    • Chen, Y.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 28
    • 0028603919 scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of threehour prediction "errors" derived from the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System
    • Dévényi, D., and T. W. Schlatter, 1994: Statistical properties of threehour prediction "errors" derived from the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1263-1280.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1263-1280
    • Dévényi, D.1    Schlatter, T.W.2
  • 29
    • 34248366116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A data assimilation case study using a limited-area ensemble Kalman filter
    • Dirren, S., R. D. Torn, and G. J. Hakim, 2007: A data assimilation case study using a limited-area ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1455-1473.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 1455-1473
    • Dirren, S.1    Torn, R.D.2    Hakim, G.J.3
  • 30
    • 68249144065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive noise for stormscale ensemble data assimilation
    • Dowell, D. C., and L. J. Wicker, 2009: Additive noise for stormscale ensemble data assimilation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 911-927.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.26 , pp. 911-927
    • Dowell, D.C.1    Wicker, L.J.2
  • 31
    • 4444315259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman filter experiments
    • Dowell, D. C., F. Zhang, L. J. Wicker, C. Snyder, and N. A. Crook, 2004: Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman filter experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1982-2005.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1982-2005
    • Dowell, D.C.1    Zhang, F.2    Wicker, L.J.3    Snyder, C.4    Crook, N.A.5
  • 32
    • 39849084839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of issues in ensemble-based Kalman filtering
    • Ehrendorfer, M., 2007: A review of issues in ensemble-based Kalman filtering. Meteor. Z., 16, 795-818.
    • (2007) Meteor. Z. , vol.16 , pp. 795-818
    • Ehrendorfer, M.1
  • 33
    • 35748962316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemptive forecasts using an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Etherton, B. J., 2007: Preemptive forecasts using an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3484-3495.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 3484-3495
    • Etherton, B.J.1
  • 34
    • 0028193070 scopus 로고
    • Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte Carlo methods to forecast error statistics
    • with a link to the extended abstract,
    • Evensen, G., 1994: Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte Carlo methods to forecast error statistics. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10 143-10 162.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10143-10162
    • Evensen, G.1
  • 35
    • 84884550570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ensemble Kalman filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation
    • Evensen, G., 2003: The ensemble Kalman filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation. Ocean Dyn., 53, 343-367.
    • (2003) Ocean Dyn , vol.53 , pp. 343-367
    • Evensen, G.1
  • 37
    • 34249707809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter approach with initial condition and model physics uncertainties
    • Fujita, T., D. J. Stensrud, and D. C. Dowell, 2007: Surface data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter approach with initial condition and model physics uncertainties. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1846-1868.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 1846-1868
    • Fujita, T.1    Stensrud, D.J.2    Dowell, D.C.3
  • 38
    • 48649102828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using precipitation observations in a mesoscale short-range ensemble analysis and forecasting system
    • Fujita, T., D. J. Stensrud, and D. C. Dowell, 2008: Using precipitation observations in a mesoscale short-range ensemble analysis and forecasting system. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 357-372.
    • (2008) Wea. Forecasting , vol.23 , pp. 357-372
    • Fujita, T.1    Stensrud, D.J.2    Dowell, D.C.3
  • 39
    • 44449142391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient dual-resolution approach for ensemble data assimilation and tests with simulated Doppler radar data
    • Gao, J., and M. Xue, 2008: An efficient dual-resolution approach for ensemble data assimilation and tests with simulated Doppler radar data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 945-963.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 945-963
    • Gao, J.1    Xue, M.2
  • 40
    • 0033023511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions
    • Gaspari, G., and S. E. Cohn, 1999: Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 723-757.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 723-757
    • Gaspari, G.1    Cohn, S.E.2
  • 41
    • 28944444910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of fixed screen-height observations in a parameterized PBL
    • Hacker, J. P., and C. Snyder, 2005: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of fixed screen-height observations in a parameterized PBL. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3260-3275.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3260-3275
    • Hacker, J.P.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 42
    • 34047233339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved vertical covariance estimates for ensemble-filter assimilation of nearsurface observations
    • Hacker, J. P., J. L. Anderson, and M. Pagowski, 2007: Improved vertical covariance estimates for ensemble-filter assimilation of nearsurface observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1021-1036.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 1021-1036
    • Hacker, J.P.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Pagowski, M.3
  • 44
    • 84927058641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based atmospheric data assimilation
    • T. Palmer and R. Hagedorn, Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Hamill, T. M., 2006: Ensemble-based atmospheric data assimilation. Predictability of Weather and Climate, T. Palmer and R. Hagedorn, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 124-156.
    • (2006) Predictability of Weather and Climate , pp. 124-156
    • Hamill, T.M.1
  • 45
    • 0033792589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid ensemble Kalman filter-3D variational analysis scheme
    • Hamill, T. M., and C. Snyder, 2000: A hybrid ensemble Kalman filter-3D variational analysis scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2905-2919.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2905-2919
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 46
    • 0036611627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using improved background error covariances from an ensemble Kalman filter for adaptive observations
    • Hamill, T. M., and C. Snyder, 2002: Using improved background error covariances from an ensemble Kalman filter for adaptive observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1552-1572.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1552-1572
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 47
    • 27744494106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for the error due to unresolved scales in ensemble data assimilation: A comparison of different approaches
    • Hamill, T. M., and J. S. Whitaker, 2005: Accounting for the error due to unresolved scales in ensemble data assimilation: A comparison of different approaches. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3132-3147.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3132-3147
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Whitaker, J.S.2
  • 48
    • 0032024819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique
    • Houtekamer, P. L., and H. L. Mitchell, 1998: Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 796-811.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 796-811
    • Houtekamer, P.L.1    Mitchell, H.L.2
  • 49
    • 0035129828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sequential ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation
    • Houtekamer, P. L., and H. L. Mitchell, 2001: A sequential ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 123-137.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 123-137
    • Houtekamer, P.L.1    Mitchell, H.L.2
  • 53
    • 70350302252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model error representation in an operational ensemble Kalman filter
    • Houtekamer, P. L., H. L. Mitchell, and X. Deng, 2009: Model error representation in an operational ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2126-2143.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 2126-2143
    • Houtekamer, P.L.1    Mitchell, H.L.2    Deng, X.3
  • 54
    • 77951984842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemblebased simultaneous state and parameter estimation for treatment of mesoscale model error: A real-data study
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL043017
    • Hu, X., F. Zhang, and J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 2010: Ensemblebased simultaneous state and parameter estimation for treatment of mesoscale model error: A real-data study. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08802, doi:10.1029/2010GL043017.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Hu, X.1    Zhang, F.2    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.3
  • 55
    • 0000705199 scopus 로고
    • Diabatic digital-filtering initialization: Application to the HIRLAM model
    • Huang, X., and P. Lynch, 1993: Diabatic digital-filtering initialization: Application to the HIRLAM model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 589-603.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 589-603
    • Huang, X.1    Lynch, P.2
  • 56
    • 3843055922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional ensemble Kalman filtering
    • Hunt, B. R., and Coauthors, 2004: Four-dimensional ensemble Kalman filtering. Tellus, 56A, 273-277.
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 A , pp. 273-277
    • Hunt, B.R.1
  • 57
    • 34248675795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient data assimilation for spatiotemporal chaos: A local ensemble transform Kalman filter
    • Hunt, B. R., E. J. Kostelich, and I. Szunyogh, 2007: Efficient data assimilation for spatiotemporal chaos: A local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Physica D, 230, 112-126.
    • (2007) Physica D , vol.230 , pp. 112-126
    • Hunt, B.R.1    Kostelich, E.J.2    Szunyogh, I.3
  • 58
    • 44949158026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part II: Impact of polarimetric data on storm analysis
    • Jung, Y., M. Xue, G. Zhang, and J. M. Straka, 2008: Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part II: Impact of polarimetric data on storm analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2246-2260.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 2246-2260
    • Jung, Y.1    Xue, M.2    Zhang, G.3    Straka, J.M.4
  • 59
    • 77953061918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and the atmospheric state using simulated polarimetric radar data and an ensemble Kalman filter in the presence of observation operator error
    • Jung, Y., M. Xue, G. Zhang, and J. M. Straka, 2010: Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and the atmospheric state using simulated polarimetric radar data and an ensemble Kalman filter in the presence of observation operator error. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 539-562.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 539-562
    • Jung, Y.1    Xue, M.2    Zhang, G.3    Straka, J.M.4
  • 60
    • 85024429815 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems
    • Kalman, R. E., 1960: A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng., 82D, 35-45.
    • (1960) Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng. , vol.82 D , pp. 35-45
    • Kalman, R.E.1
  • 61
    • 85024423711 scopus 로고
    • New results in linear filtering and prediction theory
    • Kalman, R. E., and R. S. Bucy, 1961: New results in linear filtering and prediction theory. Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng., 83D, 95-108.
    • (1961) Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng. , vol.83 D , pp. 95-108
    • Kalman, R.E.1    Bucy, R.S.2
  • 62
    • 70149088574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariance localisation and balance in an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Kepert, J.D., 2009:Covariance localisation and balance in an ensemble Kalman filter. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1157-1176.
    • (2009) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 1157-1176
    • Kepert, J.D.1
  • 64
    • 24944486903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alignment error models and ensemble-based data assimilation
    • Lawson, W. G., and J. A. Hansen, 2005: Alignment error models and ensemble-based data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1687-1709.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 1687-1709
    • Lawson, W.G.1    Hansen, J.A.2
  • 65
    • 77955540665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ensemble Kalman filters under non-Gaussianity
    • Lei, J., P. Bickel, and C. Snyder, 2010: Comparison of ensemble Kalman filters under non-Gaussianity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1293-1306.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1293-1306
    • Lei, J.1    Bickel, P.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 66
    • 79960702663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scale analysis and prediction of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell storm assimilating radar and surface network data using EnKF. Preprints
    • Pheonix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Paper 6.4. [Available online at, with a link to the extended abstract
    • Lei, T.,M. Xue, and T. Yu, 2008:Multi-scale analysis and prediction of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell storm assimilating radar and surface network data using EnKF. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOASAOLS), Pheonix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Paper 6.4. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/89annual/techprogram/paper_150404.htm with a link to the extended abstract at http://twister.ou.edu/papers/LeiXueYu_AMS2009.pdf.].
    • (2008) 13th Conf. on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOASAOLS)
    • Lei, T.1    Xue, M.2    Yu, T.3
  • 67
    • 70449106810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for model errors in ensemble data assimilation
    • Li, H., E. Kalnay, T. Miyoshi, and C. M. Danforth, 2009: Accounting for model errors in ensemble data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3407-3419.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3407-3419
    • Li, H.1    Kalnay, E.2    Miyoshi, T.3    Danforth, C.M.4
  • 68
    • 53649085420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ensemble-based fourdimensional variational data assimilation scheme. Part I: Technical formulation and preliminary test
    • Liu, C., Q. Xiao, and B. Wang, 2008: An ensemble-based fourdimensional variational data assimilation scheme. Part I: Technical formulation and preliminary test. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3363-3373.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 3363-3373
    • Liu, C.1    Xiao, Q.2    Wang, B.3
  • 69
    • 68249159696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ensemble-based four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme. Part II: Observing system simulation experiments with Advanced Research WRF (ARW)
    • Liu, C., Q. Xiao, and B. Wang, 2009: An ensemble-based four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme. Part II: Observing system simulation experiments with Advanced Research WRF (ARW). Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1687-1704.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 1687-1704
    • Liu, C.1    Xiao, Q.2    Wang, B.3
  • 70
    • 39749203573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a nonlocal quasi-phase observation operator in assimilation of CHAMP radio occultation refractivity with WRF
    • Liu, H., J. Anderson, Y. H. Kuo, C. Snyder, and A. Caya, 2008: Evaluation of a nonlocal quasi-phase observation operator in assimilation of CHAMP radio occultation refractivity with WRF. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 242-256.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 242-256
    • Liu, H.1    Anderson, J.2    Kuo, Y.H.3    Snyder, C.4    Caya, A.5
  • 71
    • 70350646336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Univariate and multivariate assimilation of AIRS humidity retrievals with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter
    • Liu, J., H. Li, E. Kalnay, E. J. Kostelich, and I. Szunyogh, 2009: Univariate and multivariate assimilation of AIRS humidity retrievals with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3918-3932.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3918-3932
    • Liu, J.1    Li, H.2    Kalnay, E.3    Kostelich, E.J.4    Szunyogh, I.5
  • 72
    • 0347709927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter forNWP-Acomparison with 4D-Var
    • Lorenc, A. C., 2003: The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter forNWP-Acomparison with 4D-Var. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3183-3203.
    • (2003) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 3183-3203
    • Lorenc, A.C.1
  • 73
    • 0027079235 scopus 로고
    • Initialization of the HIRLAM model using a digital filter
    • Lynch, P., and X. Huang, 1992: Initialization of the HIRLAM model using a digital filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1019-1034.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 1019-1034
    • Lynch, P.1    Huang, X.2
  • 74
    • 34248364831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of an ensembleKalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part II: Imperfect model experiments
    • Meng,Z., and F.Zhang, 2007: Tests of an ensembleKalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part II: Imperfect model experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1403-1423.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 1403-1423
    • Meng, Z.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 75
    • 44449094042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part III: Comparison with 3DVar in a real-data case study
    • Meng,Z., and F.Zhang, 2008a: Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part III: Comparison with 3DVar in a real-data case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 522-540.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 522-540
    • Meng, Z.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 76
    • 57149138884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part IV: Comparison with 3DVar in a month-long experiment
    • Meng,Z., and F.Zhang, 2008b: Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part IV: Comparison with 3DVar in a month-long experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3671-3682.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 3671-3682
    • Meng, Z.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 77
    • 0034082826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An adaptive ensemble Kalman filter
    • Mitchell, H. L., and P. L. Houtekamer, 2000: An adaptive ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 416-433.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 416-433
    • Mitchell, H.L.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2
  • 78
    • 0036853557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble size, balance, and model-error representation in an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Mitchell, H. L., P. L. Houtekamer, and G. Pellerin, 2002: Ensemble size, balance, and model-error representation in an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2791-2808.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 2791-2808
    • Mitchell, H.L.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2    Pellerin, G.3
  • 79
    • 34548753140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying a four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) to the JMA Nonhydrostatic Model (NHM)
    • Miyoshi, T., and K. Aranami, 2006: Applying a four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) to the JMA Nonhydrostatic Model (NHM). SOLA, 2, 128-131.
    • (2006) SOLA , vol.2 , pp. 128-131
    • Miyoshi, T.1    Aranami, K.2
  • 80
    • 34247101014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilating satellite radiances with a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) applied to the JMA Global Model (GSM)
    • Miyoshi, T., and Y. Sato, 2007: Assimilating satellite radiances with a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) applied to the JMA Global Model (GSM). SOLA, 3, 37-40.
    • (2007) SOLA , vol.3 , pp. 37-40
    • Miyoshi, T.1    Sato, Y.2
  • 81
    • 34247110575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution
    • Miyoshi, T., and S. Yamane, 2007: Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3841-3861.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 3841-3861
    • Miyoshi, T.1    Yamane, S.2
  • 82
    • 0001640663 scopus 로고
    • A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes
    • Orlanski, I., 1975: A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 56, 527-530.
    • (1975) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 527-530
    • Orlanski, I.1
  • 83
    • 8844258829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A local ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation
    • Ott, E., and Coauthors, 2004: A local ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation. Tellus, 56A, 415-428.
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 A , pp. 415-428
    • Ott, E.1
  • 84
    • 3543083343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER)
    • Palmer, T. N., and Coauthors, 2004: Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 853-872.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.85 , pp. 853-872
    • Palmer, T.N.1
  • 85
    • 77955564384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling noise in ensemble data assimilation schemes
    • Peña, M., Z. Toth, and M. Wei, 2010: Controlling noise in ensemble data assimilation schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1502-1512.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1502-1512
    • Peña, M.1    Toth, Z.2    Wei, M.3
  • 86
    • 77953338131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the predictability of Hurricane Humberto (2007)
    • Sippel, J. A., and F. Zhang, 2010: Factors affecting the predictability of Hurricane Humberto (2007). J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1759-1778.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1759-1778
    • Sippel, J.A.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 87
    • 0141571533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Snyder, C., and F. Zhang, 2003: Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1663-1677.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 1663-1677
    • Snyder, C.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 88
    • 64149083162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstacles to high-dimensional particle filtering
    • Snyder, C., T. Bengtsson, P. Bickel, and J. Anderson, 2008: Obstacles to high-dimensional particle filtering. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4629-4640.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 4629-4640
    • Snyder, C.1    Bengtsson, T.2    Bickel, P.3    Anderson, J.4
  • 89
    • 0033825565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using initial condition and model physics perturbations in short-range ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems
    • Stensrud, D. J., J.-W. Bao, and T. T. Warner, 2000: Using initial condition and model physics perturbations in short-range ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2077-2107.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2077-2107
    • Stensrud, D.J.1    Bao, J.-W.2    Warner, T.T.3
  • 90
    • 33947416571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based data assimilation and targeted observation of a chemical tracer in a sea breeze model
    • Stuart, A. L., A. Aksoy, F. Zhang, and J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 2007: Ensemble-based data assimilation and targeted observation of a chemical tracer in a sea breeze model. Atmos. Environ., 41, 3082-3094.
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 3082-3094
    • Stuart, A.L.1    Aksoy, A.2    Zhang, F.3    Nielsen-Gammon, J.W.4
  • 93
    • 24144494208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSSE experiments
    • Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2005: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSSE experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1789-1807.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 1789-1807
    • Tong, M.1    Xue, M.2
  • 94
    • 44949155490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part I: Sensitivity analysis and parameter identifiability
    • Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2008a: Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part I: Sensitivity analysis and parameter identifiability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1630-1648.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1630-1648
    • Tong, M.1    Xue, M.2
  • 95
    • 44449167987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part II: Parameter estimation experiments
    • Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2008b: Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part II: Parameter estimation experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1649-1668.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1649-1668
    • Tong, M.1    Xue, M.2
  • 96
    • 77953594912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based sensitivity analysis applied to African easterly waves
    • Torn, R. D., 2010: Ensemble-based sensitivity analysis applied to African easterly waves. Wea. Forecasting, 25, 61-78.
    • (2010) Wea. Forecasting , vol.25 , pp. 61-78
    • Torn, R.D.1
  • 97
    • 57149141566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance characteristics of a pseudo-operational ensemble Kalman filter
    • Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2008a: Performance characteristics of a pseudo-operational ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3947-3963.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 3947-3963
    • Torn, R.D.1    Hakim, G.J.2
  • 98
    • 44449152506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based sensitivity analysis
    • Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2008b: Ensemble-based sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 663-677.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 663-677
    • Torn, R.D.1    Hakim, G.J.2
  • 99
    • 70350765261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble data assimilation applied to RAINEX observations of Hurricane Katrina (2005)
    • Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2009a: Ensemble data assimilation applied to RAINEX observations of Hurricane Katrina (2005). Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2817-2829.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 2817-2829
    • Torn, R.D.1    Hakim, G.J.2
  • 100
    • 70449106811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial condition sensitivities of western Pacific extratropical transitions determined using ensemblebased sensitivity analysis
    • Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2009b: Initial condition sensitivities of western Pacific extratropical transitions determined using ensemblebased sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3388-3406.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3388-3406
    • Torn, R.D.1    Hakim, G.J.2
  • 101
    • 33748999011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary conditions for limitedarea ensemble Kalman filters
    • Torn, R. D., G. J. Hakim, and C. Snyder, 2006: Boundary conditions for limitedarea ensemble Kalman filters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2490-2502.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2490-2502
    • Torn, R.D.1    Hakim, G.J.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 102
    • 0001005190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison study of convective parameterization schemes in a mesoscale model
    • Wang, W., and N. L. Seaman, 1997: A comparison study of convective parameterization schemes in a mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 252-278.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 252-278
    • Wang, W.1    Seaman, N.L.2
  • 103
    • 33846680583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the theoretical equivalence of differently proposed ensemble-3DVAR hybrid analysis schemes
    • Wang, X., C. Snyder, and T. M. Hamill, 2007: On the theoretical equivalence of differently proposed ensemble-3DVAR hybrid analysis schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 222-227.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 222-227
    • Wang, X.1    Snyder, C.2    Hamill, T.M.3
  • 104
    • 62749149846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid ETKF-3DVARdata assimilation scheme for theWRFmodel. Part I: Observing System Simulation Experiment
    • Wang, X., D. M. Barker, C. Snyder, and T. M. Hamill, 2008a: A hybrid ETKF-3DVARdata assimilation scheme for theWRFmodel. Part I: Observing System Simulation Experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 5116-5131.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 5116-5131
    • Wang, X.1    Barker, D.M.2    Snyder, C.3    Hamill, T.M.4
  • 105
    • 64149125046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid ETKF-3DVAR data assimilation scheme for the WRF model. Part II: Real observation experiments
    • Wang, X., D. M. Barker, C. Snyder, and T. M. Hamill, 2008b: A hybrid ETKF-3DVAR data assimilation scheme for the WRF model. Part II: Real observation experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 5132-5147.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 5132-5147
    • Wang, X.1    Barker, D.M.2    Snyder, C.3    Hamill, T.M.4
  • 106
    • 41949124639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can multimodel combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts?
    • Weigel, A. P., M. A. Liniger, and C. Appenzeller, 2008: Can multimodel combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts? Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 241-260.
    • (2008) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 241-260
    • Weigel, A.P.1    Liniger, M.A.2    Appenzeller, C.3
  • 107
    • 72049088496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSEMBLES: A new multi-model ensemble for seasonal-to-annual predictions-Skill and progress beyond DEMETER in forecasting tropical Pacific SSTs
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL040896
    • Weisheimer, A., and Coauthors, 2009: ENSEMBLES: A new multi-model ensemble for seasonal-to-annual predictions-Skill and progress beyond DEMETER in forecasting tropical Pacific SSTs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21711, doi:10.1029/2009GL040896.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Weisheimer, A.1
  • 108
    • 85008542974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced data assimilation for cloud-resolving hurricane initialization and prediction
    • Weng, Y., M. Zhang, and F. Zhang, 2011: Advanced data assimilation for cloud-resolving hurricane initialization and prediction. Comput. Sci. Eng., 13, 40-49.
    • (2011) Comput. Sci. Eng. , vol.13 , pp. 40-49
    • Weng, Y.1    Zhang, M.2    Zhang, F.3
  • 109
    • 77955573220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of assimilating surface pressure observations on severe weather events in a WRF mesoscale ensemble system
    • Wheatley, D. M., and D. J. Stensrud, 2010: The impact of assimilating surface pressure observations on severe weather events in a WRF mesoscale ensemble system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1673-1694.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 1673-1694
    • Wheatley, D.M.1    Stensrud, D.J.2
  • 110
    • 0036646009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations
    • Whitaker, J. S., and T. M. Hamill, 2002: Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1913-1924.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1913-1924
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Hamill, T.M.2
  • 111
    • 2442668784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation
    • Whitaker, J. S, G. P. Compo, X. Wei, and T. M. Hamill, 2004: Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1190-1200.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1190-1200
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Compo, G.P.2    Wei, X.3    Hamill, T.M.4
  • 112
    • 44449095043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble data assimilation with the NCEP global forecast system
    • Whitaker, J. S, T. M. Hamill, X. Wei, Y. Song, and Z. Toth, 2008: Ensemble data assimilation with the NCEP global forecast system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 463-482.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 463-482
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Hamill, T.M.2    Wei, X.3    Song, Y.4    Toth, Z.5
  • 113
    • 68249150817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of variational and ensemble-based data assimilation systems for reanalysis of sparse observations
    • Whitaker, J. S, G. P. Compo, and J. N. Thépaut, 2009: A comparison of variational and ensemble-based data assimilation systems for reanalysis of sparse observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1991-1999.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 1991-1999
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Compo, G.P.2    Thépaut, J.N.3
  • 114
  • 115
    • 68249145747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of targeted observation guidance for tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific
    • Wu, C. C., and Coauthors, 2009: Intercomparison of targeted observation guidance for tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2471-2492.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 2471-2492
    • Wu, C.C.1
  • 116
    • 78651076423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of tropical cyclone track and structure based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)
    • Wu, C. C., G. Y. Lien, J. H. Chen, and F. Zhang, 2010: Assimilation of tropical cyclone track and structure based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3806-3822.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 3806-3822
    • Wu, C.C.1    Lien, G.Y.2    Chen, J.H.3    Zhang, F.4
  • 117
    • 52149120489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-expanded sampling for ensemble Kalman filter: Assimilation experiments with simulated radar observations
    • Xu, Q., H. Lu, S. Gao, M. Xue, and M. Tong, 2008: Time-expanded sampling for ensemble Kalman filter: Assimilation experiments with simulated radar observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2651-2667.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 2651-2667
    • Xu, Q.1    Lu, H.2    Gao, S.3    Xue, M.4    Tong, M.5
  • 118
    • 67649438818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight interpolation for efficient data assimilation with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter
    • Yang, S. C., E. Kalnay, B. Hunt, and N. E. Bowler, 2009: Weight interpolation for efficient data assimilation with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 251-262.
    • (2009) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 251-262
    • Yang, S.C.1    Kalnay, E.2    Hunt, B.3    Bowler, N.E.4
  • 119
    • 77953185686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of phased-array radar observations over a short assimilation period: Observing System Simulation Experiments using an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Yussouf, N., and D. Stensrud, 2010: Impact of phased-array radar observations over a short assimilation period: Observing System Simulation Experiments using an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 517-538.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 517-538
    • Yussouf, N.1    Stensrud, D.2
  • 120
    • 27744561578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and structure of mesoscale error covariance of a winter cyclone estimated through short-range ensemble forecasts
    • Zhang, F., 2005: Dynamics and structure of mesoscale error covariance of a winter cyclone estimated through short-range ensemble forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2876-2893.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 2876-2893
    • Zhang, F.1
  • 121
    • 34249077569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-based data assimilation
    • Zhang, F., and C. Snyder, 2007: Ensemble-based data assimilation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 565-568.
    • (2007) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.88 , pp. 565-568
    • Zhang, F.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 122
    • 0038656650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of moist convection on mesoscale predictability
    • Zhang, F., C. Snyder, and R. Rotunno, 2003: Effects of moist convection on mesoscale predictability. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1173-1185.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1173-1185
    • Zhang, F.1    Snyder, C.2    Rotunno, R.3
  • 123
    • 2442717392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of initial estimate and observation availability on convective-scale data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Zhang, F., C. Snyder, and J. Sun, 2004: Impacts of initial estimate and observation availability on convective-scale data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1238-1253.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1238-1253
    • Zhang, F.1    Snyder, C.2    Sun, J.3
  • 124
    • 33645287288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part I: Perfect model experiments
    • Zhang, F., Z. Meng, and A. Aksoy, 2006: Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part I: Perfect model experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 722-736.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 722-736
    • Zhang, F.1    Meng, Z.2    Aksoy, A.3
  • 125
    • 68249160487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-resolving hurricane initialization and prediction through assimilation of Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Zhang, F., Y. Weng, J. A. Sippel, Z. Meng, and C. H. Bishop, 2009a: Cloud-resolving hurricane initialization and prediction through assimilation of Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2105-2125.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 2105-2125
    • Zhang, F.1    Weng, Y.2    Sippel, J.A.3    Meng, Z.4    Bishop, C.H.5
  • 126
    • 67649373088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling ensemble Kalman filter with four-dimensional variational data assimilation
    • Zhang, F., M. Zhang, and J. A. Hansen, 2009b: Coupling ensemble Kalman filter with four-dimensional variational data assimilation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1-8.
    • (2009) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1-8
    • Zhang, F.1    Zhang, M.2    Hansen, J.A.3
  • 127
    • 78650995305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting Typhoon Morakot's catastrophic rainfall and flooding with a cloud-scale ensemble system
    • Zhang, F., Y. Weng, Y.-H. Kuo, and J. S. Whitaker, 2010: Predicting Typhoon Morakot's catastrophic rainfall and flooding with a cloud-scale ensemble system. Wea. Forecasting, 25, 1816-1825.
    • (2010) Wea. Forecasting , vol.25 , pp. 1816-1825
    • Zhang, F.1    Weng, Y.2    Kuo, Y.-H.3    Whitaker, J.S.4
  • 129
    • 79953213364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of an ensemble Kalman filter with three- and four-dimensional variational data assimilation methods in a limited-area model over the month of June 2003
    • Zhang, M, F. Zhang, X. Huang, and X. Zhang, 2011: Intercomparison of an ensemble Kalman filter with three- and four-dimensional variational data assimilation methods in a limited-area model over the month of June 2003. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 566-572.
    • (2011) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.139 , pp. 566-572
    • Zhang, M.1    Zhang, F.2    Huang, X.3    Zhang, X.4
  • 130
    • 0037335544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of spatially and temporally varying estimates of error covariance on assimilation in a simple atmospheric model
    • Zhang, S., and J. L. Anderson, 2003: Impact of spatially and temporally varying estimates of error covariance on assimilation in a simple atmospheric model. Tellus, 55A, 126-147.
    • (2003) Tellus , vol.55 A , pp. 126-147
    • Zhang, S.1    Anderson, J.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.