메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 357-372

Using precipitation observations in a mesoscale short-range ensemble analysis and forecasting system

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS; CONTROL THEORY; FORECASTING; KALMAN FILTERS; MIXING; RISK ASSESSMENT; WAVE FILTERS;

EID: 48649102828     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007WAF2006108.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0036478782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster analysis of multimodel ensemble data from SAMEX
    • Alhamed, A., S. Lakshmivarahan, and D. J. Stensrud, 2002: Cluster analysis of multimodel ensemble data from SAMEX. Mon. Wea Rev., 130, 226-256.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea Rev , vol.130 , pp. 226-256
    • Alhamed, A.1    Lakshmivarahan, S.2    Stensrud, D.J.3
  • 2
    • 0035655814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter for data assimilation
    • Anderson, J. L., 2001: An ensemble adjustment Kalman filter for data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2884-2903.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.129 , pp. 2884-2903
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 3
    • 0033500692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo implementation of the nonlinear filtering problem to produce ensemble assimilations and forecasts
    • Anderson, J. L., and S, L. Anderson, 1999: A Monte Carlo implementation of the nonlinear filtering problem to produce ensemble assimilations and forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2741-2758.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.127 , pp. 2741-2758
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Anderson, S.L.2
  • 4
    • 0033368923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The skill of ensemble prediction systems
    • Atger, F., 1999: The skill of ensemble prediction systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1941-1953.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.127 , pp. 1941-1953
    • Atger, F.1
  • 5
    • 0002775014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP hourly multisensor U.S. precipitation analysis for operations and GCIP research. Preprints
    • Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Baldwin, M. E., and K. E. Mitchell, 1997: The NCEP hourly multisensor U.S. precipitation analysis for operations and GCIP research. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 54-55.
    • (1997) 13th Conf. on Hydrology , pp. 54-55
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Mitchell, K.E.2
  • 6
    • 0036821678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of the convection scheme in NCEP's Eta Model that affect forecast sounding interpretation
    • Baldwin, M. E., J. S. Kain, and M. P. Kay, 2002: Properties of the convection scheme in NCEP's Eta Model that affect forecast sounding interpretation. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 1063-1079.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 1063-1079
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Kain, J.S.2    Kay, M.P.3
  • 7
    • 0022849418 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part 1: Observational and theoretical basis
    • Betts, A. K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part 1: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 677-691.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.112 , pp. 677-691
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 8
    • 0022831164 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and Arctic air-mass data sets
    • Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and Arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.112 , pp. 693-709
    • Betts, A.K.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 10
    • 0033403384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic representation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system
    • Buizza, R., M. Miller, and T. N. Palmer, 1999: Stochastic representation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2887-2909.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 2887-2909
    • Buizza, R.1    Miller, M.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 11
    • 0032741151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar-derived estimates of latent heating in the subtropics
    • Cartwright, T. J., and P. S. Ray, 1999: Radar-derived estimates of latent heating in the subtropics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 726-742.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.127 , pp. 726-742
    • Cartwright, T.J.1    Ray, P.S.2
  • 12
    • 0028552516 scopus 로고
    • Impact of assimilating SSM/I rainfall rates on numerical prediction of winter cyclones
    • Chang, S. W., and T. R. Holt, 1994: Impact of assimilating SSM/I rainfall rates on numerical prediction of winter cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 151-164.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.122 , pp. 151-164
    • Chang, S.W.1    Holt, T.R.2
  • 13
    • 0024256678 scopus 로고
    • An initialization for cumulus convection in numerical weather prediction models
    • Donner, L., 1988: An initialization for cumulus convection in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 377-385.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.116 , pp. 377-385
    • Donner, L.1
  • 14
    • 4444315259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman filter experiments
    • Dowell, D. C., F. Zhang, L. J. Wicker, C. Snyder, and N.A. Crook, 2004: Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman filter experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1982-2005.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.132 , pp. 1982-2005
    • Dowell, D.C.1    Zhang, F.2    Wicker, L.J.3    Snyder, C.4    Crook, N.A.5
  • 15
    • 0027838070 scopus 로고
    • A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State-NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front
    • Dudhia, J., 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State-NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.121 , pp. 1493-1513
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 16
    • 0023512287 scopus 로고
    • Predictability experiments using a high-resolution limited-area model
    • Errico, R., and D. Baumhefner, 1987: Predictability experiments using a high-resolution limited-area model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 488-504.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.115 , pp. 488-504
    • Errico, R.1    Baumhefner, D.2
  • 17
    • 0033745169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint medium-range ensembles from the Met. Office and ECMWF systems
    • Evans, R. E., M. S. J. Harrison, R. J. Graham, and K. R. Mylne, 2000: Joint medium-range ensembles from the Met. Office and ECMWF systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3104-3127.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 3104-3127
    • Evans, R.E.1    Harrison, M.S.J.2    Graham, R.J.3    Mylne, K.R.4
  • 18
    • 0028193070 scopus 로고
    • Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte Carlo methods to forecast error statistics
    • Evensen, G., 1994: Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte Carlo methods to forecast error statistics. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C5), 10 143-10 162.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99 , Issue.C5
    • Evensen, G.1
  • 19
    • 0031166563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced data assimilation for strongly nonlinear dynamics
    • Evensen, G., 1997: Advanced data assimilation for strongly nonlinear dynamics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1342-1354.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 1342-1354
    • Evensen, G.1
  • 20
    • 0019697471 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary numerical tests of the modification of mesoscale convective systems
    • Fritsch, J. M., and C. F. Chappell, 1981: Preliminary numerical tests of the modification of mesoscale convective systems. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 910-921.
    • (1981) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.20 , pp. 910-921
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Chappell, C.F.2
  • 21
    • 4143114555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research and development of improved quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warm season
    • Fritsch, J. M., and R. E. Carbone, 2004: Research and development of improved quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warm season. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 955-965.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.85 , pp. 955-965
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Carbone, R.E.2
  • 23
    • 34249707809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter approach with initial condition and model physics uncertainties
    • Fujita, T., D. J. Stensrud, and D. C. Dowell, 2007: Surface data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter approach with initial condition and model physics uncertainties. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1840-1868.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 1840-1868
    • Fujita, T.1    Stensrud, D.J.2    Dowell, D.C.3
  • 24
    • 0033023511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions
    • Gaspari, G., and S. E. Cohn, 1999: Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 723-757.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 723-757
    • Gaspari, G.1    Cohn, S.E.2
  • 25
    • 48649108282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 117 pp.
    • Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 117 pp.
  • 26
    • 0034059532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional variational data assimilation of heterogeneous mesoscale observations for a strong convective case
    • Guo, Y.-R., Y.-H. Kuo, J. Dudhia, D. B. Parsons, and C. Rocken, 2000: Four-dimensional variational data assimilation of heterogeneous mesoscale observations for a strong convective case. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1289, 619-643.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.1289 , pp. 619-643
    • Guo, Y.-R.1    Kuo, Y.-H.2    Dudhia, J.3    Parsons, D.B.4    Rocken, C.5
  • 27
    • 0033792589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid ensemble Kalman filter-3D variational analysis scheme
    • Hamill, T. M., and C. Snyder, 2000: A hybrid ensemble Kalman filter-3D variational analysis scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2905-2919.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 2905-2919
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 28
    • 0033396628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and model dependencies in medium-range ensembles: Two transplant case-studies
    • Harrison, M. S. J., T. N. Palmer, D. S. Richardson, and R. Buizza, 1999: Analysis and model dependencies in medium-range ensembles: Two transplant case-studies. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2487-2515.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 2487-2515
    • Harrison, M.S.J.1    Palmer, T.N.2    Richardson, D.S.3    Buizza, R.4
  • 29
    • 0035127191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective verification of the SAMEX'98 ensemble forecasts
    • Hou, D., E. Kalnay, and K. K. Drogemeier, 2001: Objective verification of the SAMEX'98 ensemble forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 73-91.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.129 , pp. 73-91
    • Hou, D.1    Kalnay, E.2    Drogemeier, K.K.3
  • 30
    • 0032024819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique
    • Houtekamer, P. L., and H. L. Mitchell, 1998: Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 796-811.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.126 , pp. 796-811
    • Houtekamer, P.L.1    Mitchell, H.L.2
  • 32
    • 0028607757 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes
    • Janjic, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.122 , pp. 927-945
    • Janjic, Z.I.1
  • 33
    • 0000415898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A latent heat nudging scheme for the assimilation of precipitation data into the mesoscale model
    • Jones, C. D., and B. Macpherson, 1997: A latent heat nudging scheme for the assimilation of precipitation data into the mesoscale model. Meteor. Appl., 4, 269-277.
    • (1997) Meteor. Appl , vol.4 , pp. 269-277
    • Jones, C.D.1    Macpherson, B.2
  • 34
    • 1342310488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update
    • Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 170-181.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.43 , pp. 170-181
    • Kain, J.S.1
  • 35
    • 33748494544 scopus 로고
    • The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems
    • Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1992: The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 49, 93-106.
    • (1992) Meteor. Atmos. Phys , vol.49 , pp. 93-106
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0000888746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of initial conditions, rainfall assimilation, and cumulus parameterization on simulations of Hurricane Florence (1988)
    • Karyampudi, V. M., G. S. Lai, and J. Manobianco, 1998: Impact of initial conditions, rainfall assimilation, and cumulus parameterization on simulations of Hurricane Florence (1988). Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3077-3101.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.126 , pp. 3077-3101
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1    Lai, G.S.2    Manobianco, J.3
  • 38
    • 0001218126 scopus 로고
    • Details of low latitude medium range numerical weather prediction using a global spectral model
    • Krishnamurti, T. N., K. Ingles, S. Cocke, T. Kitade, and R. Pasch, 1984: Details of low latitude medium range numerical weather prediction using a global spectral model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 613-649.
    • (1984) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.62 , pp. 613-649
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1    Ingles, K.2    Cocke, S.3    Kitade, T.4    Pasch, R.5
  • 39
    • 0026292250 scopus 로고
    • Physical initialization for numerical weather prediction over the tropics
    • Krishnamurti, T. N., J. Xue, H. S. Bedi, K. Ingles, and D. Oosterhof, 1991: Physical initialization for numerical weather prediction over the tropics., Tellus, 43AB, 53-81.
    • (1991) Tellus , vol.43 AB , pp. 53-81
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1    Xue, J.2    Bedi, H.S.3    Ingles, K.4    Oosterhof, D.5
  • 40
    • 0027843701 scopus 로고
    • Physical initialization using SSM/I rain rates
    • Krishnamurti, T. N., H. S. Bedi, and K. Ingles, 1993: Physical initialization using SSM/I rain rates. Tellus, 45A, 247-269.
    • (1993) Tellus , vol.45 A , pp. 247-269
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1    Bedi, H.S.2    Ingles, K.3
  • 41
    • 0028563185 scopus 로고
    • On the improvement of precipitation forecast skill from physical initialization
    • Krishnamurti, T. N., G. Rohaly, and H. S. Bedi, 1994: On the improvement of precipitation forecast skill from physical initialization. Tellus, 46A, 598-614.
    • (1994) Tellus , vol.46 A , pp. 598-614
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1    Rohaly, G.2    Bedi, H.S.3
  • 42
    • 48649107343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lin, Y., M. E. Baldwin, K. E. Mitchell, E. Rogers, and G. J. DiMego, 2004: Spring 2001 changes to the NCEP Eta Analysis and Forecast System: Assimilation of observed precipitation. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting and the 14th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J92-J95.
    • Lin, Y., M. E. Baldwin, K. E. Mitchell, E. Rogers, and G. J. DiMego, 2004: Spring 2001 changes to the NCEP Eta Analysis and Forecast System: Assimilation of observed precipitation. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting and the 14th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J92-J95.
  • 43
    • 0035530322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational experience with assimilation of rainfall data in the Met Office mesoscale model
    • MacPherson, B., 2001: Operational experience with assimilation of rainfall data in the Met Office mesoscale model. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 76, 3-8.
    • (2001) Meteor. Atmos. Phys , vol.76 , pp. 3-8
    • MacPherson, B.1
  • 44
    • 0028581563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of assimilating satellite-derived precipitation rates on numerical simulations of the ERICA IOP 4 cyclone
    • Manobianco, J., S. Koch, V.M. Karyampudi, and A. J. Negri, The impact of assimilating satellite-derived precipitation rates on numerical simulations of the ERICA IOP 4 cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 341-365.
    • Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.122 , pp. 341-365
    • Manobianco, J.1    Koch, S.2    Karyampudi, V.M.3    Negri, A.J.4
  • 45
    • 0032764305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data assimilation into nonlinear stochastic models
    • Miller, R. N., E. F. Carter Jr., and S. T. Blue, 1999: Data assimilation into nonlinear stochastic models. Tellus, 51A, 167-194.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 A , pp. 167-194
    • Miller, R.N.1    Carter Jr., E.F.2    Blue, S.T.3
  • 46
    • 0034082826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An adaptive ensemble Kalman filter
    • Mitchell, H. L., and P. L. Houtekamer, 2000: An adaptive ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 416-433.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 416-433
    • Mitchell, H.L.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2
  • 47
    • 0036853557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble size, balance, and model-error representation in an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Mitchell, H. L., P. L. Houtekamer, and G. Pellerin, 2002: Ensemble size, balance, and model-error representation in an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2791-2808.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 2791-2808
    • Mitchell, H.L.1    Houtekamer, P.L.2    Pellerin, G.3
  • 48
    • 0006059078 scopus 로고
    • Forecast experiment of a long-lived meso-α-scale convective system in baiu frontal zone
    • Ninomiya, K., and K. Kurihara, 1987: Forecast experiment of a long-lived meso-α-scale convective system in baiu frontal zone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 885-899.
    • (1987) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.65 , pp. 885-899
    • Ninomiya, K.1    Kurihara, K.2
  • 49
    • 0002128204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble prediction of hurricane Opal's track and intensity. Preprints
    • Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Ramamurthy, M. K., and B. F. Jewett, 1999: Ensemble prediction of hurricane Opal's track and intensity. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 834-836.
    • (1999) 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology , pp. 834-836
    • Ramamurthy, M.K.1    Jewett, B.F.2
  • 50
    • 0001299057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general framework for convective trigger functions
    • Rogers, R. F., and J. M. Fritsch, 1996: A general framework for convective trigger functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2438-2452.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.124 , pp. 2438-2452
    • Rogers, R.F.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 0033824005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple technique for using radar data in the dynamic initialization of a mesoscale model
    • Rogers, R. F., J. M. Fritsch, and W. C. Lambert, 2000: A simple technique for using radar data in the dynamic initialization of a mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2560-2574.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 2560-2574
    • Rogers, R.F.1    Fritsch, J.M.2    Lambert, W.C.3
  • 52
    • 0141571533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Snyder, C., and F. Zhang, 2003: Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1663-1677.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.131 , pp. 1663-1677
    • Snyder, C.1    Zhang, F.2
  • 53
    • 0028668503 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part III: Numerical simulations and implications for operational forecasting
    • Stensrud, D. J., and J. M. Fritsch, 1994: Mesoscale convective systems in weakly forced large-scale environments. Part III: Numerical simulations and implications for operational forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2084-2104.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.122 , pp. 2084-2104
    • Stensrud, D.J.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 0033825565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using initial condition and model physics perturbations in short-range ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems
    • Stensrud, D. J., J.-W. Bao, and T. T. Warner, 2000: Using initial condition and model physics perturbations in short-range ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2077-2107.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 2077-2107
    • Stensrud, D.J.1    Bao, J.-W.2    Warner, T.T.3
  • 55
    • 24144494208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSS experiments
    • Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2005: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSS experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1789-1807.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.133 , pp. 1789-1807
    • Tong, M.1    Xue, M.2
  • 56
    • 0001509508 scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NMC: The generation of perturbations
    • Toth, Z., and E. Kalnay, 1993: Ensemble forecasting at NMC: The generation of perturbations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2317-2330.
    • (1993) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.74 , pp. 2317-2330
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 57
    • 0000593274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method
    • Toth, Z., and E. Kalnay, 1997: Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3297-3319.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 3297-3319
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 58
    • 0030506394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical initialization in the NMC Global Data Assimilation System
    • Treadon, R. E., 1996: Physical initialization in the NMC Global Data Assimilation System. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 60, 57-86.
    • (1996) Meteor. Atmos. Phys , vol.60 , pp. 57-86
    • Treadon, R.E.1
  • 60
    • 0024148888 scopus 로고
    • Use of four-dimensional data assimilation by Newtonian relaxation and latent-heat forcing to improve a mesoscale-model precipitation forecast: A case study
    • Wang, W., and T. T. Warner, 1988: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation by Newtonian relaxation and latent-heat forcing to improve a mesoscale-model precipitation forecast: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116,.2593-2613.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.116 , pp. 2593-2613
    • Wang, W.1    Warner, T.T.2
  • 61
    • 0036646009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations
    • Whitaker, J. S., and T. M. Hamilt, 2002: Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1913-1924.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 1913-1924
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Hamilt, T.M.2
  • 62
    • 0007952395 scopus 로고
    • Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences: An Introduction
    • Academic Press, 464 pp
    • Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences: An Introduction. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 59, Academic Press, 464 pp.
    • (1995) International Geophysics Series , vol.59
    • Wilks, D.S.1
  • 63
    • 0034292476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case study of the sensitivity of the Eta Data Assimilation System
    • Zapotocny, T. H., and Coauthors, 2000: A case study of the sensitivity of the Eta Data Assimilation System. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 603-621.
    • (2000) Wea. Forecasting , vol.15 , pp. 603-621
    • Zapotocny, T.H.1
  • 64
    • 0022856571 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of the meso-beta scale structure and evolution of the 1977 Johnstown Flood. Part 1: Model description and verification
    • Zhang, D.-L., and J. M. Fritsch, 1986: Numerical simulation of the meso-beta scale structure and evolution of the 1977 Johnstown Flood. Part 1: Model description and verification. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1913-1943.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1913-1943
    • Zhang, D.-L.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 65
    • 0029412318 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of extratropical cyclogenesis by a mesoscale convective system
    • Zhang, D.-L., and R. Harvey, 1995: Enhancement of extratropical cyclogenesis by a mesoscale convective system. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1107-1127.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 1107-1127
    • Zhang, D.-L.1    Harvey, R.2
  • 66
    • 27744561578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and structure of mesoscale error covariance of a winter cyclone estimated through short-range ensemble forecasts
    • Zhang, F., 2005: Dynamics and structure of mesoscale error covariance of a winter cyclone estimated through short-range ensemble forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2876-2893.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.133 , pp. 2876-2893
    • Zhang, F.1
  • 67
    • 2442717392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of initial estimate and observation availability on convective-scale data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Zhang, F., C. Snyder, and J. Sun, 2004: Impacts of initial estimate and observation availability on convective-scale data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1238-1253.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.132 , pp. 1238-1253
    • Zhang, F.1    Snyder, C.2    Sun, J.3
  • 68
    • 33645287288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part 1: Perfect model experiments
    • Zhang, F., Z. Meng, and A. Aksov, 2006: Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation. Part 1: Perfect model experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 722-736.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.134 , pp. 722-736
    • Zhang, F.1    Meng, Z.2    Aksov, A.3
  • 69
    • 0034069270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a single-model EPS with a multi-model ensemble consisting of a few operational models
    • Ziehmann, C., 2000: Comparison of a single-model EPS with a multi-model ensemble consisting of a few operational models. Tellus, 52A, 280-299.
    • (2000) Tellus , vol.52 A , pp. 280-299
    • Ziehmann, C.1
  • 70
    • 0000322891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall assimilation through an optimal control of initial and boundary conditions in a limited-area mesoscale model
    • Zou, X., and Y.-H. Kuo, 1996: Rainfall assimilation through an optimal control of initial and boundary conditions in a limited-area mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2859-2882.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.124 , pp. 2859-2882
    • Zou, X.1    Kuo, Y.-H.2
  • 71
    • 0000649871 scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional variational assimilation of precipitation data
    • Zupanski, D., and F. Mesinger, 1995: Four-dimensional variational assimilation of precipitation data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1112-1127.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.123 , pp. 1112-1127
    • Zupanski, D.1    Mesinger, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.