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Volumn 133, Issue 28, 2011, Pages 10864-10877

Mechanisms of the thermal cyclotrimerizations of fluoro- and chloroacetylenes: Density functional theory investigation and intermediate trapping experiments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

7-DIENE; CHLOROACETYLENE; CYCLOADDITIONS; CYCLOTRIMERIZATION; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS; DIENOPHILES; DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE; DIRADICALS; FRONTIER MOLECULAR ORBITALS; OPEN-SHELL; RATE DETERMINING STEP; SINGLET-TRIPLET; SUBSTITUENT EFFECT; TANDEM PROCESS; TETRAMERS; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; THEORETICAL STUDY; THERMAL REACTIONS; TRANSITION STATE;

EID: 79960245738     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja2021476     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (90)
  • 34
    • 77955584083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very recently, Danheiser and co-workers discovered that the intramolecular cyclotrimerization of alkynes occurs via a propagylic ene reaction/[4+2] reaction mechanism. See: Robinson, J. M.; Sakai, T.; Okano, K.; Kitawaki, T.; Danheiser, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11039
    • (2010) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 11039
    • Robinson, J.M.1    Sakai, T.2    Okano, K.3    Kitawaki, T.4    Danheiser, R.L.5
  • 37
    • 0002601438 scopus 로고
    • Functionalized Acetylenes in Organic Synthesis: The Case of the 1-Cyano- and the 1-Halogenoacetylenes
    • In; Stang, P. J.; Diederich, F., Eds.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, Germany.
    • Hopf, H.; Witulski, B. Functionalized Acetylenes in Organic Synthesis: The Case of the 1-Cyano- and the 1-Halogenoacetylenes In Modern Acetylene Chemistry; Stang, P. J.; Diederich, F., Eds.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, Germany, 1995.
    • (1995) Modern Acetylene Chemistry
    • Hopf, H.1    Witulski, B.2
  • 38
    • 0038626673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • revision B.02; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA
    • Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 03, revision B.02; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 2003. Detailed citation can be found in the Supporting Information.
    • (2003) Gaussian 03
    • Frisch, M.J.1
  • 57
    • 79960244640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It was demonstrated that the computational results from (U)B3LYP and CISD, CASSCF, and full CI differ by less than 5 kcal/mol. (17) However, the results from (U)B3LYP calculations are very reliable for understanding reaction mechanisms and reproducing the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivities.
    • It was demonstrated that the computational results from (U)B3LYP and CISD, CASSCF, and full CI differ by less than 5 kcal/mol. (17) However, the results from (U)B3LYP calculations are very reliable for understanding reaction mechanisms and reproducing the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivities.
  • 58
    • 79960267730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculations using larger basis sets show that the activation energies of the dimerizations are higher by 4 kcal/mol than those using the 6-31G(d) basis set, but the conclusions using the 6-31G(d) basis set are the same as those obtained by using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Therefore, we still prefer to use the results from the 6-31G(d) basis set. The computed energy surfaces for the cyclotrimerizations using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set are given in the Supporting Information (Figures S1 and S2).
    • Calculations using larger basis sets show that the activation energies of the dimerizations are higher by 4 kcal/mol than those using the 6-31G(d) basis set, but the conclusions using the 6-31G(d) basis set are the same as those obtained by using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Therefore, we still prefer to use the results from the 6-31G(d) basis set. The computed energy surfaces for the cyclotrimerizations using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set are given in the Supporting Information (Figures S1 and S2).
  • 59
    • 79960280006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basis set superposition errors (BSSE) are small using the 6-31G(d) basis set and can be completely neglected using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. See these results in the Supporting Information (Table S3).
    • The basis set superposition errors (BSSE) are small using the 6-31G(d) basis set and can be completely neglected using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. See these results in the Supporting Information (Table S3).
  • 70
    • 79960273353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This difference is slightly reversed in the HOMO of 1a, perhaps because of the strong interaction between the π-orbitals of the triple bond and lone pairs of the fluorine (Table 2).
    • This difference is slightly reversed in the HOMO of 1a, perhaps because of the strong interaction between the π-orbitals of the triple bond and lone pairs of the fluorine (Table 2).
  • 77
    • 0004105855 scopus 로고
    • In the traditional VB theory, the triplet energies are computed on the basis of the ground state closed-shell geometry. However, this traditional VB model cannot explain the different reactivities of haloacetylenes because chloroacetylenes have smaller singlet-triplet gaps that fluoroacetylenes (see Table S9 of the Supporting Information). We think that the traditional VB theory does not consider the distortion energy in the transition state. Therefore, we called our explanation a modified version of the VB theory, where the triplet energies in this theory are computed on the optimized structures so that distortion energies in the transition states can be taken into consideration. For discussion of traditional VB theory, see: Shaik, S.; Schlegel, H. B.; Wolfe, S. In Theoretical Aspects of Physical Organic Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York, 1992.
    • (1992) Theoretical Aspects of Physical Organic Chemistry
    • Shaik, S.1    Schlegel, H.B.2    Wolfe, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.