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Volumn 26, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 3816-3830

Cyclotrimerization reactions catalyzed by rhodium(I) half-sandwich complexes: A mechanistic density functional study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLENE; BENZENE; CYCLOADDITION; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORGANOMETALLICS; POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES; RHODIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 34547470497     PISSN: 02767333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/om7004222     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (68)
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    • 84944053662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyridines and Their Benzoderivatives: Synthesis
    • Katritzky, A, Rees, C. W, Scriven, E. F. V, Eds, Pergamon: Oxford
    • (a) Jones, G. Pyridines and Their Benzoderivatives: Synthesis. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II; Katritzky, A., Rees, C. W., Scriven, E. F. V., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 5, pp 167-243.
    • (1996) Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II , vol.5 , pp. 167-243
    • Jones, G.1
  • 4
    • 0013693018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conversion of three acetylene molecules into benzene is kinetically prohibited: Dower, W. V.; Vollhardt, K. P. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6878.
    • (a) The conversion of three acetylene molecules into benzene is kinetically prohibited: Dower, W. V.; Vollhardt, K. P. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6878.
  • 5
    • 0018784178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enthalpy of activation is responsible for the reluctance of acetylene to self-trimerize thermally: Houk, K. N, Gandour, R. W, Strozier, R. W, Randon, N. G, Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 6797
    • (b) The enthalpy of activation is responsible for the reluctance of acetylene to self-trimerize thermally: Houk, K. N.; Gandour, R. W.; Strozier, R. W.; Randon, N. G.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 6797.
  • 29
    • 34547429453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baerends, E. J.; et al. Computer code ADF2006.01; SCM, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2006.
    • (b) Baerends, E. J.; et al. Computer code ADF2006.01; SCM, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2006.
  • 39
    • 0034373424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kohn-Sham density functional theory: Predicting and understanding chemistry
    • Lipkowitz, K. B, Boyd, D. B, Eds, VCH Publishers Inc, New York
    • (a) Bickelhaupt, F. M.; Baerends, E. J. Kohn-Sham density functional theory: Predicting and understanding chemistry. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry; Lipkowitz, K. B., Boyd, D. B., Eds.; VCH Publishers Inc.: New York, 2000; Vol. 15; p 1.
    • (2000) Reviews in Computational Chemistry , vol.15 , pp. 1
    • Bickelhaupt, F.M.1    Baerends, E.J.2
  • 48
    • 34547427360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The slippage parameter A is defined as Δ = 1/2[(M-C1a + M-C3a) - (M-Cl+ M-C3)] where M-C1a and M-C3a are the longest distances between M and two adjacent C atoms of the Cp ring and M-C1 and M-C3 are the distances between M and the C atoms adjacent to C1a and C3a, respectively; in indenyl complexes C1a and C3a are the hinge C atoms.
    • The slippage parameter A is defined as Δ = 1/2[(M-C1a + M-C3a) - (M-Cl+ M-C3)] where M-C1a and M-C3a are the longest distances between M and two adjacent C atoms of the Cp ring and M-C1 and M-C3 are the distances between M and the C atoms adjacent to C1a and C3a, respectively; in indenyl complexes C1a and C3a are the hinge C atoms.
  • 51
    • 20244384429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bon, R. S.; van Vliet, B.; Sprenkels, N. E.; Schmitz, R. F.; de Kanter, F. J. J.; Stevens, Chr. V.; Swart, M.; Bickelhaupt, F. M.; Groen, M. B.; Orra, R. V. A. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 3542.
    • Bon, R. S.; van Vliet, B.; Sprenkels, N. E.; Schmitz, R. F.; de Kanter, F. J. J.; Stevens, Chr. V.; Swart, M.; Bickelhaupt, F. M.; Groen, M. B.; Orra, R. V. A. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 3542.
  • 67
    • 34547445002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pure η5 coordination, with five equivalent metal-C bonds, is not observed even in Cp derivatives: slippage of the ML2 unit occurs, accompanied by folding of the ring: Albright, T. A, Burdett, J. K, Whangbo, M.-H. Orbital Interactions in Chemistry; Wiley: New York, 1985. In Ind complexes, the η5 bonding mode is a distorted η3+η2 bonding mode. In fact, the nodal properties of the Ind π system introduce an asymmetry that is not present in the Cp π orbitais: Calhorda, M. J, Veiros, L. F. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 37. In addition slippage toward a more allylic coordination in Ind complexes favors the aromatic character of the benzene ring. As a consequence, the two bonds of the metal to the hinge carbons are longer and weaker and both the slippage parameter and the folding angle of the five-membered ring are more pronounced in Ind complexes than in the analogous Cp complexes. These
    • 2 bonding mode. In fact, the nodal properties of the Ind π system introduce an asymmetry that is not present in the Cp π orbitais: Calhorda, M. J.; Veiros, L. F. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 37. In addition slippage toward a more allylic coordination in Ind complexes favors the aromatic character of the benzene ring. As a consequence, the two bonds of the metal to the hinge carbons are longer and weaker and both the slippage parameter and the folding angle of the five-membered ring are more pronounced in Ind complexes than in the analogous Cp complexes. These structural features are commonly invoked to explain the higher reactivity of Ind complexes than Cp complexes ("indenyl effect").


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