Fictive temperature in silica-based glasses and its application to optical fiber manufacturing

Progress in Materials Science

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 63-94

  Lancry, Matthieu ^a   Régnier, Elise ^b   Poumellec, Bertrand ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^b Draka Comteq France SAS   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FICTIVE TEMPERATURES; SILICA-BASED FIBERS; SILICA-BASED GLASS;

OPTICAL FIBERS; RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; SILICA;

FIBERS;

EID: 79959814912     PISSN: 00796425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.05.002     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Miller S, Chynoweth A. In: Miller Stewart E, Chynoweth Alan G, editors. Optical fiber telecommunications. New York: Academic Press; 1979.
2. K. Simmons-Potter, B. Potter Jr., D. McIntyre, and P. Grandon Novel process for the production of large, stable photosensitivity in glass films Appl Phys Lett 68 1996 2011
3. H. Hosono, Y. Ikuta, T. Kinoshita, K. Kajihara, and M. Hirano Physical disorder and optical properties in the vacuum ultraviolet region of amorphous SiO (2) Phys Rev Lett 87 2001 175501
4. A. Agarwal, and M. Tomozawa Correlation of silica glass properties with the infrared spectra J Non-Cryst Solids 209 1997 166 174 (Pubitemid 127432583)
5. R. Bruckner Properties and structure of vitreous silica. I J Non-Cryst Solids 5 1970 123 175
6. K. Saito, H. Kakiuchida, and A. Ikushima Light-scattering study of the glass transition in silica, with practical implications J Appl Phys 84 1998 3107
7. A. Agarwal, K. Davis, and M. Tomozawa A simple IR spectroscopic method for determining fictive temperature of silica glasses J Non-Cryst Solids 185 1995 191 198
8. B. Champagnon, C. Chemarin, and P. Richet Fictive temperature and medium range order in silicate glasses: a relationship between heat capacity and boson peak Philos Mag: Part B 77 1998 663 669 (Pubitemid 128615957)
9. P. Helander Measurement of fictive temperature of silica glass optical fibers J Mater Sci 39 2004 3799 3800
10. A. Koike, S. Ryu, and M. Tomozawa Adequacy test of the fictive temperatures of silica glasses determined by IR spectroscopy J Non-Cryst Solids 351 2005 3797 3803 (Pubitemid 41709550)
11. Le Parc R. Diffusion de rayonnements et relaxation structurale dans les verres de silice et les préformes de fibres optiques. PhD. dissertation, Univ. Claude, Bernard, Lyon, France; 2002.
12. A. Agarwal, and M. Tomozawa Determination of fictive temperature of soda-lime silicate glass J Am Ceram Soc 78 1995 827 829
13. D. Kim, M. Tomozawa, S. Dubois, and Orcel Fictive temperature measurement of single-mode optical-fiber core and cladding J Lightwave Technol 1155 2001 19
14. M. Lancry, I. Flammer, C. Depecker, B. Poumellec, D. Simons, and P. Nouchi Fictive-temperature mapping in highly ge-doped multimode optical fibers J Lightwave Technol 25 2007 1198 1205 (Pubitemid 46758848)
15. M. Lancry, I. Flammer, D. Simons, B. Poumellec, C. Depecker, and M. Douay Fictive temperature distribution in highly Ge-doped multimode optical fibers J Non-Cryst Solids 353 2007 473 476 (Pubitemid 46350769)
16. Y. Peng, A. Agarwal, M. Tomozawa, and T. Blanchet Radial distribution of fictive temperatures in silica optical fibers J Non-Cryst Solids 217 1997 272 277 (Pubitemid 127379052)
17. K. Saito, and A. Ikushima Structural relaxation enhanced by Cl ions in silica glass Appl Phys Lett 73 1998 1209
18. K. Saito, and A. Ikushima Effects of fluorine on structure, structural relaxation, and absorption edge in silica glass J Appl Phys 4886 2002 91
19. K. Saito, M. Yamaguchi, A. Ikushima, K. Ohsono, and Y. Kurosawa Approach for reducing the Rayleigh scattering loss in optical fibers J Appl Phys 95 2004 1733
20. 2 glasses J Lightwave Technol 10 1992 1532 1535 (Pubitemid 23616169)
21. K. Tsujikawa, K. Tajima, and M. Ohashi Rayleigh scattering reduction method for silica-based optical fiber J Lightwave Technol 18 2000 1528
22. M. Lines Can the minimum attenuation of fused silica be significantly reduced by small compositional variations? I. Alkali metal dopants J Non-Cryst Solids 209-218 1994 171
23. Kakiuchida H, Saito K, Hiramitsu N, Ikushima A. Effects of halogen doping on structure of silica glass as a photonic material; 2003. p. 504.
24. H. Kakiuchida, E. Sekiya, K. Saito, and A. Ikushima Effect of chlorine on Rayleigh scattering reduction in silica glass Jpn J Appl Phys 42 2003 1526 1528
25. Kakiuchida H, Saito K, Ikushima A. Rayleigh scattering in fluorine-doped silica glass; 2002. p. 355.
26. Sakaguchi S. Relaxation of Rayleigh scattering in silica core optical fiber by heat treatment. Electron Commun Jpn: Part II: Electron 2000;83.
27. S. Sakaguchi, and S. Todoroki Rayleigh scattering of silica core optical fiber after heat treatment Appl Optics 37 1998 7708 7711 (Pubitemid 128658919)
28. S. Todoroki, and S. Sakaguchi Rayleigh scattering and fictive temperature in VAD silica glass with heat treatment Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai Gakujutsu Ronbunshi 105 1997 377 380 (Pubitemid 127661237)
29. K. Tsujikawa, K. Tajima, and J. Zhou Intrinsic loss of optical fibers Opt Fiber Technol 11 2005 319 331 (Pubitemid 41383544)
30. A.Q. Tool Relation between inelastic deformability and thermal expansion of glass in its annealing range J Am Ceram Soc 29 1946 240 253
31. H. Ritland Limitations of the fictive temperature concept J Am Ceram Soc 39 1956 403 406
32. S. Spinner, and A. Napolitano Further studies in the annealing of a borosilicate glass J Res NBS 70A 2 1966 147 152
33. P. Macedo, and A. Napolitano Effects of a distribution of volume relaxation times in the annealing of BSC glass J Res Natl Bur Stand 71 1967 231 238
34. C.T. Moynihan Structural relaxation and the glass transition Rev Mineral Geochem 32 1995 1
35. Scherer GW. Relaxation in glass and composites; 1986.
36. C. Moynihan, and J. Schroeder Non-exponential structural relaxation, anomalous light scattering and nanoscale inhomogeneities in glass-forming liquids J Non-Cryst Solids 160 1993 52 59 (Pubitemid 23699814)
37. Douglas R, Isard J. Density changes in fused silica. J Soc Glass Technol 1951;206.
38. D. Fraser Factors influencing the acoustic properties of vitreous silica J Appl Phys 39 1968 5868
39. J. Shackelford, J. Masaryk, and R. Fulrath Water content, fictive temperature, and density relations for fused silica J Am Ceram Soc 53 1970 417
40. Bruckner R. Metastable equilibrium density of hydroxyl-free synthetic vitreous silica. J Non-Cryst Solids 1971;5.
41. J.E. Shelby Density of vitreous silica J Non-Cryst Solids 349 2004 331 336
42. J.E. Shelby Fictive temperature and density of doped vitreous silica Phys Chem Glasses-Eur J Glass Sci Technol: Part B 50 2009 7 14
43. H. Kakiuchida, K. Saito, and A.J. Ikushima Refractive index, density and polarizability of silica glass with various fictive temperatures Jpn J Appl Phys: Part 2 Lett 743-745 2004 43
44. H. Kakiuchida, and E. Sekiya Refractive index and density changes in silica glass by halogen doping J Non-Cryst Solids 353 2007 568 572 (Pubitemid 46350768)
45. 2 glass J Non-Cryst Solids 222 1997 329 334 (Pubitemid 127377967)
46. C. Levelut, A. Faivre, R. Le Parc, B. Champagnon, J.L. Hazemann, and J.P. Simon In situ measurements of density fluctuations and compressibility in silica glasses as a function of temperature and thermal history Phys Rev B 224201 2005 72
47. D. Pinnow, S. Candau, J. LaMacchia, and T. Litovitz Brillouin scattering: viscoelastic measurements in liquids J Acoust Soc Am 43 1968 131
48. D. Pinnow, S. Candau, and T. Litovitz Rayleigh scattering: orientational relaxation in liquids J Chem Phys 49 1968 347
49. D. Pinnow, T. Rich, F. Ostermayer, and M. DiDomenico Fundamental optical attenuation limits in the liquid and glassy state with application to fiber optical waveguide materials Appl Phys Lett 22 1973 527 529
50. M. Lines Scattering losses in optic fiber materials. I. A new parametrization J Appl Phys 4052 1984 55
51. B. Champagnon, C. Chemarin, E. Duval, and R. Le Parc Glass structure and light scattering J Non-Crystalline Solids 81-86 2000 274
52. R. Le Parc, B. Champagnon, P. Guenot, and S. Dubois Thermal annealing and density fluctuations in silica glass J Non-Crystalline solids 366-369 2001 293
53. g: light scattering studies Philos Mag: Part B 251-255 2002 82
54. C. Levelut, A. Faivre, R. Le Parc, B. Champagnon, J.L. Hazemann, and L. David Influence of thermal aging on density fluctuations in oxide glasses measured by small-angle X-ray scattering J Non-Crystalline Solids 426-435 2002 307
55. R. Parc, B. Champagnon, L. David, A. Faivre, C. Levelut, and P. Guenot Temperature dependence of the density fluctuations of silica by small-angle X-ray scattering Philos Mag: Part B 82 2002 431 438 (Pubitemid 35418507)
56. H. Kakiuchida, K. Saito, and A. Ikushima Fictive-temperature dependence of structural relaxation in silica glass J Appl Phys 94 2003 1705
57. S.R. Ryu, and M. Tomozawa Structural relaxation time of bulk and fiber silica glass as a function of fictive temperature and holding temperature J Am Ceram Soc 89 2006 81 88
58. A. Koike, and M. Tomozawa Fictive temperature dependence of subcritical crack growth rate of normal glass and anomalous glass J Non-Cryst Solids 352 2006 5522 5530
59. G. Hetherington, K. Jack, and J. Kennedy The viscosity of vitreous silica Phys Chem Glasses 5 1964 130 136
60. Hong J. FTIR investigation of amorphous silica fibers and nano-size particles. Ph.D dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 2003.
61. 2 case J Non-Cryst Solids 284 2001 68 72 (Pubitemid 32478732)
62. L.M. Martinez, and C.A. Angell Chemical order lifetimes in liquids, and a second fictive temperature for glassformers Phys A: Stat Mech Its Appl 548-559 2002 314
63. Sigel G, Tomozawa M, Doremus R. In: Tomozawa M, Doremus RH, editors. Treatise on materials science and technology, vol. 12. New York: Academic Press; 1977. p. 5-89.
64. L. Martinez, and C. Angell Chemical order lifetimes in liquids, and a second fictive temperature for glassformers Phys A: Stat Mech Its Appl 548-559 2002 314
65. Dalle C. Contribution l'étude des mécanismes liés la photosensibilité de type I et de type IIA des verres de silice par Spectroscopie Infrarouge et Microscopie Electronique en Transmission; 2000.
66. U. Haken, O. Humbach, S. Ortner, and H. Fabian Refractive index of silica glass: influence of fictive temperature J Non-Cryst Solids 265 2000 9 18 (Pubitemid 30573089)
67. H. Ritland Relation between refractive index and density of a glass at constant temperature J Am Ceram Soc 38 1955 86 88
68. Levelut C, Faivre A, Le Parc R, Champagnon B, Hazemann J, Simon J. In situ measurements of density fluctuations and compressibility in silica glass as a function of temperature and thermal history. Arxiv preprint cond-mat/0510266; 2005.
69. C. Moynihan, A. Easteal, M. Bolt, and J. Tucker Dependence of the fictive temperature of glass on cooling rate J Am Ceram Soc 59 1976 12 16
70. K. Saito, M. Yamaguchi, H. Kakiuchida, A. Ikushima, K. Ohsono, and Y. Kurosawa Limit of the Rayleigh scattering loss in silica fiber Appl Phys Lett 83 2003 5175
71. 2 versus fictive temperature Phys Rev B 28 1983 3266 3271
72. V. Martinez, R. Le Parc, C. Martinet, and B. Champagnon Structural studies of germanium doped silica glasses: the role of the fictive temperature Opt Mater 59-62 2003 24
73. K. Davis, and M. Tomozawa Water diffusion into silica glass: structural changes in silica glass and their effect on water solubility and diffusivity J Non-Cryst Solids 185 1995 203 220
74. D. Kim, and M. Tomozawa Fictive temperature of silica glass optical fibers-re-examination J Non-Cryst Solids 286 2001 132 138 (Pubitemid 32518500)
75. M. Tomozawa, J. Hong, and S. Ryu Infrared (IR) investigation of the structural changes of silica glasses with fictive temperature J Non-Cryst Solids 351 2005 1054 1060 (Pubitemid 40557746)
76. C. Martinet, V. Martinez, C. Coussa, B. Champagnon, and M. Tomozawa Radial distribution of the fictive temperature in pure silica optical fibers by micro-Raman spectroscopy J Appl Phys 103 2008 083506
77. T. Uchino, Y. Tokuda, and T. Yoko Vibrational dynamics of defect modes in vitreous silica Phys Rev B 58 1998 5322
78. F. Galeener, R. Barrio, E. Martinez, and R. Elliott Vibrational decoupling of rings in amorphous solids Phys Rev Lett 53 1984 2429 2432
79. C. Brinker, R. Kirkpatrick, D. Tallant, B. Bunker, and B. Montez NMR confirmation of strained defects in amorphous silica J Non-Cryst Solids 99 1988 418 428 (Pubitemid 18589811)
80. A. Pasquarello, and R. Car Identification of Raman defect lines as signatures of ring structures in vitreous silica Phys Rev Lett 80 1998 5145 5147 (Pubitemid 128622157)
81. E. Duval, A. Boukenter, and T. Achibat Vibrational dynamics and the structure of glasses J Phys: Condens Matter 2 1990 10227
82. T. Deschamps, C. Martinet, D. De Ligny, and B. Champagnon Elastic anomalous behavior of silica glass under high-pressure: in-situ Raman study J Non-Cryst Solids 355 2009 1095 1098
83. T. Deschamps, C. Martinet, D. Neuville, D. de Ligny, C. Coussa-Simon, and B. Champagnon Silica under hydrostatic pressure: a non continuous medium behavior J Non-Cryst Solids 355 2009 2422 2424
84. B. Champagnon, L. Wondraczek, and T. Deschamps Boson peak, structural inhomogeneity, light scattering and transparency of silicate glasses J Non-Cryst Solids 355 2009 712 714
85. 2 glasses: quantitative comparison of Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman effects J Non-Cryst Solids 315-318 2004 345
86. R. Bell, N. Bird, and P. Dean The vibrational spectra of vitreous silica, germania and beryllium fluoride J Phys C Solid State Phys 299-303 1968 1
87. F. Galeener Band limits and the vibrational spectra of tetrahedral glasses Phys Rev B 19 1979 4292 4297
88. P. Bachmann, W. Hermann, H. Wehr, and D. Wiechert Stress in optical waveguides. 2: fibers Appl Opt 1175-1182 1987 26
89. R. Almeida Detection of LO modes in glass by infrared reflection spectroscopy at oblique incidence Phys Rev B: Condens Matter 161 1992 45
90. Kao C. Optical fiber systems: technology, design, and application; 1983.
91. A. Othonos Fiber Bragg gratings Rev Sci Instr 4309 1997 68
92. Gonnet C, Nouchi P, Gooijer F, Regnier E. Method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform. Optical fiber preform and optical fiber. EP Patent 1813,581; 2007.
93. Matthijsse P, Gooijer F, Flammer I, Regnier E, Kuyt G. Fluorine-doped optical fiber. Google patents; 2007.
94. E. Regnier, G. Kuyt, I. Flammer, F. Gooijer, and P. Matthijsse, "Radiation-resistant fluorine doped optical fiber," (EP Patent 1876,150, 2008).
95. E. Regnier, B. Poumellec, P. Guitton, G. Manolescu, E. Bourova, and L. Gasca "Infrared optical properties of highly P doped silica fibres: a spectroscopic study Glass Technol 99-102 2005 46
96. J. Irven, A. Harrison, and C. Smith Long wavelength performance of optical fibres co-doped with fluorine Electron Lett 3-5 1981 17
97. Wissuchek D, Ponader C, Price J. Analysis of residual stress in optical fiber; 1999. p. 34.
98. J. Hong, S. Ryu, M. Tomozawa, and Q. Chen Investigation of structural change caused by UV irradiation of hydrogen-loaded Ge-doped core fiber J Non-Cryst Solids 148-155 2004 349
99. S. Sakaguchi, and S. Todoroki Viscosity of silica core optical fiber J Non-Cryst Solids 232-237 1999 244
100. P. Tandon Effect of stress on the structural relaxation behavior of glasses J Non-Cryst solids 2210-2216 2005 351
101. M. Tomozawa, J. Hong, and R. Hepburn IR investigation of the structure of silica glass fibers Glass Sci Technol 262-276 2002 75
102. M. Tomozawa, Y. Lee, and Y. Peng Effect of uniaxial stresses on silica glass structure investigated by IR spectroscopy J Non-Cryst Solids 242 1998 104 109 (Pubitemid 128418153)
103. H. Limberger, POWAG'2002, White nights' summer school on photosensitivity in optical waveguides and glasses. St. Petersburg, Russia; 2002.
104. 2 J Non-Crystal Solids 50-58 1993 152
105. Dürr F. Laser-induced stress changes in optical fibers. Ph.D. dissertation, Swiss Federal Inst. Technol. (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; 2005.
106. Tajima K. Low-loss optical fibers realized by reduction of Rayleigh scattering loss; 1998. p. 305-6.
107. K. Nagayama, M. Kakui, M. Matsui, I. Saitoh, and Y. Chigusa Ultra-low-loss (0.1484 dB/km) pure silica core fibre and extension of transmission distance Electron Lett 1168-1169 2002 38
108. M. Ogai, A. Iino, and K. Matsubara Behavior of alkali impurities and their adverse effect on germania-doped silica fibers, J Lightwave Technol 5 1987 1214 1218 (Pubitemid 18521796)