메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 77-89

Motivated processing of fear appeal and disgust images in televised anti-tobacco ads

Author keywords

defensive responding; disgust; fear appeals; motivated processing

Indexed keywords


EID: 79959698302     PISSN: 18641105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000037     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0028051617 scopus 로고
    • Salience of fear/threat in the affective modulation of the human startle blink
    • DOI 10.1016/0301-0511(94)90033-7
    • Balaban, M. T., & Taussig, H. N. (1994). Salience of fear/threat in the affective modulation of the human startle blink. Biological Psychology, 38, 117-131. (Pubitemid 24313392)
    • (1994) Biological Psychology , vol.38 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 117-131
    • Balaban, M.T.1    Taussig, H.N.2
  • 2
    • 0035599909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of message valence and listener arousal on attention, memory and facial muscular responses to radio
    • Bolls, P. D., Lang, A., & Potter, R. F. (2001). The effects of message valence and listener arousal on attention, memory and facial muscular responses to radio. Communication Research, 28(5), 627-651.
    • (2001) Communication Research , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 627-651
    • Bolls, P.D.1    Lang, A.2    Potter, R.F.3
  • 3
    • 0003065717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion and motivation
    • J. T.Cacioppo, L. G.Tassinary, & G. G.Berntson (Eds.), 2nd ed., New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Bradley, M. M. (2000). Emotion and motivation. In J. T.Cacioppo, L. G.Tassinary, & G. G.Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed., pp. 602-642). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Psychophysiology , pp. 602-642
    • Bradley, M.M.1
  • 4
    • 0000907306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing
    • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1(3), 276-298.
    • (2001) Emotion , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 276-298
    • Bradley, M.M.1    Codispoti, M.2    Cuthbert, B.N.3    Lang, P.J.4
  • 5
    • 0001090822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology
    • R. D.Lane & L.Nadel (Eds.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology. In R. D.Lane & L.Nadel (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of emotion (pp. 242-276). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2000) Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion , pp. 242-276
    • Bradley, M.M.1    Lang, P.J.2
  • 6
    • 38049113594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological and memory effects of negative political ads: Aversive, arousing, and well remembered
    • Bradley, S. D., Angelini, J. R., & Lee, S. (2007). Psychophysiological and memory effects of negative political ads: Aversive, arousing, and well remembered. Journal of Advertising., 36(4), 115-127.
    • (2007) Journal of Advertising , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 115-127
    • Bradley, S.D.1    Angelini, J.R.2    Lee, S.3
  • 7
    • 0002417037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular psychophysiology
    • J. T.Cacioppo, L. G.Tassinary, & G. G.Berntson (Eds.), 2nd ed., pp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Brownley, K. A., Hurwitz, B. E., & Schneiderman, N. (2000). Cardiovascular psychophysiology. In J. T.Cacioppo, L. G.Tassinary, & G. G.Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of Psychophysiology (2nd ed., pp. 224-264). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Psychophysiology , pp. 224-264
    • Brownley, K.A.1    Hurwitz, B.E.2    Schneiderman, N.3
  • 8
    • 21744443038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3-25.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 3-25
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Gardner, W.L.2    Berntson, G.G.3
  • 9
    • 0000177128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1999). The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 839-855.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 839-855
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Gardner, W.L.2    Berntson, G.G.3
  • 10
    • 0022666852 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic activity over facial muscle regions can differentiate the valence and intensity of affective reactions
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. D., Losch, M. E., & Kim, H. S. (1986). Electromyographic activity over facial muscle regions can differentiate the valence and intensity of affective reactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 260-268.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 260-268
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Petty, R.D.2    Losch, M.E.3    Kim, H.S.4
  • 11
    • 1942488543 scopus 로고
    • Disgust
    • V. S.Ramachandran (Ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Davey, G. C. L. (1994). Disgust. In V. S.Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1994) Encyclopedia of Human Behavior
    • Davey, G.C.L.1
  • 12
    • 34948878105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of vulnerability to and severity of a health risk on processing and acceptance of fear-arousing communications: A meta-analysis
    • De Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2007). The impact of vulnerability to and severity of a health risk on processing and acceptance of fear-arousing communications: A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11(3), 258-285.
    • (2007) Review of General Psychology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-285
    • De Hoog, N.1    Stroebe, W.2    De Wit, J.B.F.3
  • 13
    • 84990609892 scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the study of fear appeals: An emotional perspective
    • Dillard, J. (1994). Rethinking the study of fear appeals: An emotional perspective. Communication Theory, 4, 295-323.
    • (1994) Communication Theory , vol.4 , pp. 295-323
    • Dillard, J.1
  • 14
    • 8644288372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fear in persuasion
    • DOI 10.1002/mar.20041, Fear Appeals in Social Marketing Campaigns
    • Dillard, J. P., & Anderson, J. W. (2004). The role of fear in persuasion. Psychology & Marketing, 21(11), 909-926. (Pubitemid 39499080)
    • (2004) Psychology and Marketing , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 909-926
    • Dillard, J.P.1    Anderson, J.W.2
  • 15
    • 33746669267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persuasive influence of emotion in cancer prevention and detection messages
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00286.x
    • Dillard, J. P., & Nabi, R. L. (2006). The persuasive influence of emotion in cancer prevention and detection messages. Journal of Communication, 56(Suppl 1), S123-S139. (Pubitemid 44165219)
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Dillard, J.P.1    Nabi, R.L.2
  • 16
    • 0034747492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persuasion and the structure of affect: Dual systems and discrete emotions as complimentary models
    • Dillard, J. P., & Peck, E. (2001). Persuasion and the structure of affect: Dual systems and discrete emotions as complimentary models. Human Communication Research, 27, 38-68.
    • (2001) Human Communication Research , vol.27 , pp. 38-68
    • Dillard, J.P.1    Peck, E.2
  • 17
    • 0030075148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multiple affective outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear appeals do more than scare people
    • Dillard, J., Plotnick, C, Godbold, L., Freimuth, V., & Edgar, T. (1996). The multiple affective outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear appeals do more than scare people. Communication Research, 23, 44-72.
    • (1996) Communication Research , vol.23 , pp. 44-72
    • Dillard, J.1    Plotnick, C.2    Godbold, L.3    Freimuth, V.4    Edgar, T.5
  • 18
    • 2642639469 scopus 로고
    • Attention, need for sensation, and health communication campaigns
    • Donohew, L., Palmgreen, P., & Lorch, E. P. (1994). Attention, need for sensation, and health communication campaigns. American Behavioral Scientist, 38, 310-322.
    • (1994) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.38 , pp. 310-322
    • Donohew, L.1    Palmgreen, P.2    Lorch, E.P.3
  • 19
    • 0001376349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review
    • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. (Pubitemid 128608316)
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-299
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 20
    • 0036254520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences
    • DOI 10.1017/S0048577201393198
    • Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291. (Pubitemid 34478045)
    • (2002) Psychophysiology , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-291
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 21
    • 79958721491 scopus 로고
    • Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior
    • Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 970-986.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 970-986
    • Gross, J.J.1    Levenson, R.W.2
  • 22
    • 43949150086 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors
    • Haidt, J., McCauley, C., & Rozin, P. (1994). Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 701-713.
    • (1994) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.16 , pp. 701-713
    • Haidt, J.1    McCauley, C.2    Rozin, P.3
  • 23
    • 0039415224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's emotional reactions to a scary film: The role of prior outcome information and coping style
    • Hoffner, C. (1997). Children's emotional reactions to a scary film: The role of prior outcome information and coping style. Human Communication Research, 23(3), 323-341. (Pubitemid 127359710)
    • (1997) Human Communication Research , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-341
    • Hoffner, C.1
  • 25
    • 0004018397 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Plenum Press
    • Izard, C. (1977). Human emotions. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
    • (1977) Human Emotions
    • Izard, C.1
  • 27
    • 63649158991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Version 2006.n.n)[Computer Software]. New York, NY: Empirisoft Corporation
    • Jarvis, B. G. (2006). MediaLab (Version 2006.n.n)[Computer Software]. New York, NY: Empirisoft Corporation.
    • (2006) MediaLab
    • Jarvis, B.G.1
  • 28
    • 79959742143 scopus 로고
    • Fear-threat appeals in mass communication: An apparent contradiction
    • Kraus, S., El-Assal, E., & DeFleur, M. L. (1966). Fear-threat appeals in mass communication: An apparent contradiction. Speech Monographs, 31(1), 23-29.
    • (1966) Speech Monographs , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Kraus, S.1    El-Assal, E.2    DeFleur, M.L.3
  • 29
    • 0038641506 scopus 로고
    • What can the heart tell us about thinking?
    • A.Lang (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Lang, A. (1994). What can the heart tell us about thinking? In A.Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media messages (pp. 99-111). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Measuring Psychological Responses to Media Messages , pp. 99-111
    • Lang, A.1
  • 30
    • 33746764974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing to design effective cancer communication messages
    • Lang, A. (2006). Using the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing to design effective cancer communication messages. Journal of Communication, 56, S57-S80.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56
    • Lang, A.1
  • 31
    • 0001697562 scopus 로고
    • The effects of emotional arousal and valence on television viewers' cognitive capacity and memory
    • Lang, A., Dhillon, K., & Dong, Q. (1995). The effects of emotional arousal and valence on television viewers' cognitive capacity and memory. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39, 313-327.
    • (1995) Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , vol.39 , pp. 313-327
    • Lang, A.1    Dhillon, K.2    Dong, Q.3
  • 33
    • 35348930398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition and emotion in TV message processing: How valence, arousing content, structural complexity, and information density affect the availability of cognitive resources
    • Lang, A., Park, B., Sanders-Jackson, A. N., Wilson, B. D., & Wang, Z. (2007). Cognition and emotion in TV message processing: How valence, arousing content, structural complexity, and information density affect the availability of cognitive resources. Media Psychology, 10,317-338.
    • (2007) Media Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 317-338
    • Lang, A.1    Park, B.2    Sanders-Jackson, A.N.3    Wilson, B.D.4    Wang, Z.5
  • 34
    • 0013040723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Something for nothing: Is visual encoding automatic?
    • Lang, A., Potter, R. F., & Bolls, P. D. (1999). Something for nothing: Is visual encoding automatic?Media Psychology, 1, 145-163.
    • (1999) Media Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 145-163
    • Lang, A.1    Potter, R.F.2    Bolls, P.D.3
  • 35
    • 85118287605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where psychophysiology meets the media: Taking the effects out of mass media research
    • J.Bryant & M. B.Oliver (Eds.), New York, NY: Routledge
    • Lang, A., Potter, R. F., & Bolls, P. D. (2009). Where psychophysiology meets the media: Taking the effects out of mass media research. In J.Bryant & M. B.Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advanced in theory and research (pp. 185-206). New York, NY: Routledge.
    • (2009) Media Effects: Advanced in Theory and Research , pp. 185-206
    • Lang, A.1    Potter, R.F.2    Bolls, P.D.3
  • 36
    • 13844272669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensation seeking, motivation, and substance use: A dual system approach
    • Lang, A., Shin, M., & Lee, S. (2005). Sensation seeing, motivation, and substance use: A dual system approach. Media Psychology, 7, 1-29. (Pubitemid 40251303)
    • (2005) Media Psychology , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-29
    • Lang, A.1    Shin, M.2    Lee, S.3
  • 37
    • 85145857173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetitive and defense of motivation is the substrate of emotion
    • A. J.Elliot (Ed.), New York, NY: Psychology Press
    • Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2008). Appetitive and defense of motivation is the substrate of emotion. In A. J.Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 51-65). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    • (2008) Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation , pp. 51-65
    • Lang, P.J.1    Bradley, M.M.2
  • 38
    • 0002308482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated attention: Affect, activation and action
    • P.Lang, R.Simons, & M.Balaban (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, M. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation and action. In P.Lang, R.Simons, & M.Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1997) Attention and Orienting: Sensory and Motivational Processes , pp. 97-136
    • Lang, P.J.1    Bradley, M.M.2    Cuthbert, M.3
  • 39
    • 0027523286 scopus 로고
    • Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions
    • Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261-273. (Pubitemid 23108336)
    • (1993) Psychophysiology , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-273
    • Lang, P.J.1    Greenwald, M.K.2    Bradley, M.M.3    Hamm, A.O.4
  • 40
  • 41
    • 70350739133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scare 'em or disgust 'em: The effects of graphic and health promotion messages
    • Leshner, G., Bolls, P., & Thomas, E. (2009). Scare 'em or disgust 'em: The effects of graphic and health promotion messages. Health Communication, 24, 447-458.
    • (2009) Health Communication , vol.24 , pp. 447-458
    • Leshner, G.1    Bolls, P.2    Thomas, E.3
  • 42
    • 35648982348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of disgust-eliciting visuals on attitudes toward animal experimentation
    • Nabi, R. L. (1998). The effect of disgust-eliciting visuals on attitudes toward animal experimentation. Communication Quarterly, 46(4), 472-484.
    • (1998) Communication Quarterly , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 472-484
    • Nabi, R.L.1
  • 43
    • 0036724063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research
    • DOI 10.1080/02699930143000437
    • Nabi, R. L. (2002). The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research. Cognition and Emotion, 16(5), 695-703. (Pubitemid 34965718)
    • (2002) Cognition and Emotion , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 695-703
    • Nabi, R.L.1
  • 44
    • 0009266176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TV news images that induce anger, fear, and disgust: Effects on approach-avoidance and memory
    • Newhagen, J. E. (1998). Approach-avoidance and memory for images of anger, fear, and disgust on television news. Journal of Broadcast and Electronic Media, 42(2), 265-276. (Pubitemid 128778099)
    • (1998) Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-276
    • Newhagen, J.E.1
  • 45
    • 0141461375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Message properties, mediating states, and manipulation checks: Claims, evidence, and data analysis in experimental persuasive message effects research
    • O'Keefe, D. J. (2003). Message properties, mediating states, and manipulation checks: Claims, evidence, and data analysis in experimental persuasive message effects research. Communication Theory, 13(3), 251-274. (Pubitemid 37216541)
    • (2003) Communication Theory , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-274
    • O'Keefe, D.J.1
  • 46
    • 33749360889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of program context on motivational system activation and subsequent effects on processing a fear appeal
    • DOI 10.2753/JOA0091-3367350305
    • Potter, R. F., LaTour, M. S., Braun-LaTour, K. A., & Reichert, T. (2006). The impact of program context on motivational system activation and subsequent effects on processing a fear appeal. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 67-80. (Pubitemid 44497285)
    • (2006) Journal of Advertising , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 67-80
    • Potter, R.F.1    LaTour, M.S.2    Braun-LaTour, K.A.3    Reichert, T.4
  • 48
    • 0002247369 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation
    • J. T.Cacioppo, & R. E.Petty (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Rogers, R. W. (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In J. T.Cacioppo, & R. E.Petty (Eds.), Social psychophysiology: A sourcebook (pp. 153-176). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (1983) Social Psychophysiology: A Sourcebook , pp. 153-176
    • Rogers, R.W.1
  • 49
    • 3242703186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeal messages affect accessibility of attitudes toward the threat and adaptive behaviors
    • DOI 10.1080/0363452042000228559
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., Yu, H. J., & Rhodes, N. (2004). Fear appeal messages affect accessibility of attitudes toward the threat and adaptive behaviors. Communication Monographs, 71(1), 49-69. (Pubitemid 38963667)
    • (2004) Communication Monographs , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-69
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen, D.R.1    Yu, H.J.2    Rhodes, N.3
  • 50
    • 78650251337 scopus 로고
    • Disgust
    • M.Lewis, & J.Haviland (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. R. (1993). Disgust. In M.Lewis, & J.Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (1993) Handbook of Emotions.
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.R.3
  • 51
    • 0002264390 scopus 로고
    • Signal detection measures of recognition memory
    • A.Lang (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Shapiro, M. A. (1994). Signal detection measures of recognition memory. In A.Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media (pp. 133-148). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Measuring Psychological Responses to Media , pp. 133-148
    • Shapiro, M.A.1
  • 52
    • 0040533625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The skeletomotor system: Surface electromyography
    • J. T.Cacioppo, L.Tassinary, & G.Berntson (Eds.), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • Tassinary, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2000). The skeletomotor system: Surface electromyography. In J. T.Cacioppo, L.Tassinary, & G.Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (pp. 163-199). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Psychophysiology , pp. 163-199
    • Tassinary, L.1    Cacioppo, J.T.2
  • 53
    • 0043204647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anti-smoking advertising on youth smoking: A review
    • DOI 10.1080/10810730305686
    • Wakefield, M., Flay, B., Nichter, M., & Giovino, G. (2003). Effects of anti-smoking advertising on youth smoking: A review. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 229-247. (Pubitemid 38326405)
    • (2003) Journal of Health Communication , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-247
    • Wakefield, M.1    Flay, B.2    Nichter, M.3    Giovino, G.4
  • 54
    • 84941646855 scopus 로고
    • Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model
    • Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59, 329-349.
    • (1992) Communication Monographs , vol.59 , pp. 329-349
    • Witte, K.1
  • 55
    • 84963164127 scopus 로고
    • Fear control and the danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM)
    • Witte, K. (1994). Fear control and the danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Communication Monographs, 61(2), 113-134.
    • (1994) Communication Monographs , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-134
    • Witte, K.1
  • 56
    • 0001415087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear as a motivator, fear as inhibitor: Using the extended parallel process model to explain fear appeal successes and failures
    • P. A.Andersen & L. K.Guerrero (Eds.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Witte, K. (1998). Fear as a motivator, fear as inhibitor: Using the extended parallel process model to explain fear appeal successes and failures. In P. A.Andersen & L. K.Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts (pp. 423-450). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1998) Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Applications, and Contexts , pp. 423-450
    • Witte, K.1
  • 57
    • 2342424190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When do scare tactics work? A meta-analysis of fear appeals
    • Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). When do scare tactics work? A meta-analysis of fear appeals. Health Education and Behavior, 27, 608-632.
    • (2000) Health Education and Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 608-632
    • Witte, K.1    Allen, M.2
  • 58
    • 0000219324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersection of fear and disgust: Normative and pathological views
    • Woody, S. R., & Teachman, B. A. (2000). Intersection of fear and disgust: Normative and pathological views. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 291-311.
    • (2000) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.7 , pp. 291-311
    • Woody, S.R.1    Teachman, B.A.2
  • 59
    • 0036148127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the specificity of affective startle modulation: Fear versus disgust
    • DOI 10.1016/S0301-0511(01)00121-1, PII S0301051101001211
    • Yartz, A. R., & Hawk, L. W. (2002). Addressing the specificity of affective startle modulation: Fear versus disgust. Biological Psychology, 59, 55-68. (Pubitemid 34084800)
    • (2002) Biological Psychology , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-68
    • Yartz, A.R.1    Hawk Jr., L.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.