Activation of erbium films for hydrogen storage

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 109, Issue 11, 2011, Pages

  Brumbach, Michael T ^a   Ohlhausen, James A ^a   Zavadil, Kevin R ^a   Snow, Clark S ^a   Woicik, Joseph C ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

A-THERMAL; ELECTRONIC CHANGES; ENERGY X-RAYS; ERBIUM FILM; HIGH TEMPERATURE; HYDRIDING; HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE; HYDROGEN LOADINGS; HYDROGEN SORPTION; HYDROGEN UPTAKE; IN-SITU; LOW ENERGY ION SCATTERING; PASSIVE SURFACES; THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT; TIME OF FLIGHT SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; TWO-STAGE PROCESS; VALENCE BAND EDGES; WIDE SPREADS;

DESORPTION; ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ERBIUM; HYDROGEN; ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; LEAD OXIDE; LOADING; PHOTOELECTRICITY; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

HYDROGEN STORAGE;

EID: 79959439479     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.3590335     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. C. M. Parish, C. S. Snow, and L. N. Brewer, J. Mater. Res. 24, 1868 (2009). 10.1557/jmr.2009.0217
2. W. M. Mueller, J. P. Blackledge, and G. G. Libowitz, (Academic Press, New York, 1968), pp. 791.
3. C. E. Lundin, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 242, 1161 (1968).
4. C. E. Lundin, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 242, 903 (1968).
5. Y. Fukai, The Metal-Hydrogen System: Basic Bulk Properties (Springer, Berlin, 2005).
6. E. Fromm and H. Uchida, J. Less-Common Metals 131, 1 (1987). 10.1016/0022-5088(87)90495-4
7. C. R. Tewell and S. H. King, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 2597 (2006). 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.025 (Pubitemid 44820537)
8. J. Muller, N. A. Surplice, and B. Singh, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 5, 1177 (1972). 10.1088/0022-3727/5/6/324
9. L. Haderbache, P. Wetzel, C. Pirri, J. C. Peruchetti, D. Bolmont, and G. Gewinner, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 341-343 (1990). 10.1063/1.103685
10. P. Wetzel, L. Haderbache, C. Pirri, J. C. Peruchetti, D. Bolmont, and G. Gewinner, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 43, 6620 (1991). 10.1103/PhysRevB.43.6620
11. S. Chen, Y. Y. Zhu, R. Xu, Y. Q. Wu, X. J. Yang, Y. L. Fan, F. Lu, Z. M. Jiang, and J. Zou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 222902 (2006).
12. Z. B. Fang, S. Chen, Y. Y. Zhu, Y. Q. Wu, Y. L. Fan, Y. Y. Wang, and Z. M. Jiang, Nanotechnology 18, 155205 (2007).
13. Y. Y. Zhu, S. Chen, R. Xu, Z. B. Fang, J. F. Zhao, Y. L. Fan, X. J. Yang, and Z. M. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 162909 (2006). 10.1063/1.2196476
14. D. M. Holloway, Appl. Spectrosc. 27, 95 (1973). 10.1366/ 000370273774333803
15. P. S. Lysaght, J. Barnett, G. I. Bersuker, J. C. Woicik, D. A. Fischer, B. Foran, H. H. Tseng, and R. Jammy, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 024105 (2007). 10.1063/1.2422746 (Pubitemid 46372827)
16. A. K. Rumaiz, J. C. Woicik, E. Cockayne, H. Y. Lin, G. H. Jaffari, and S. I. Shah, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 262111 (2009). 10.1063/1.3272272
17. J. C. Woicik, M. Yekutiel, E. J. Nelson, N. Jacobson, P. Pfalzer, M. Klemm, S. Horn, and L. Kronik, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 76 (16), 165101 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165101
18. J. C. Woicik, E. J. Nelson, D. Heskett, J. Warner, L. E. Berman, B. A. Karlin, I. A. Vartanyants, M. Z. Hasan, T. Kendelewicz, Z. X. Shen, and P. Pianetta, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 6412 (12), 125115 (2001).
19. S. A. Chambers, T. Droubay, T. C. Kaspar and M. Gutowski, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 22, 2205 (2004). 10.1116/1.1768525
20. M. A. Garcia, S. D. Wolter, T. H. Kim, S. Choi, J. Baier, A. Brown, M. Losurdo and G. Bruno, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 013506 (2006).
21. N. Fairley and A. Carrick, The Casa Cookbook (Acolyte Science, Cheshire, 2005).
22. N. Guerfi, O. Bourbia, and S. Achour, Cross-Discip. Appl. Res. Mater. Sci. Technol. 480-481, 193 (2005). 10.4028/0-87849-962-8.193
23. Y. Y. Zhu, Z. B. Fang, Y. S. Liu, C. Liao, and S. Chen, J. Rare Earths 26, 775 (2008). 10.1016/S1002-0721(09)60003-X
24. F. P. Netzer, R. A. Wille, and M. Grunze, Surf. Sci. 102, 75 (1981). 10.1016/0039-6028(81)90308-3
25. M. Gupta, Solid State Commun. 27, 1355 (1978). 10.1016/0038-1098(78) 91571-5 (Pubitemid 9425431)
26. P. A. Cox, Y. Baer and C. Jorgense, Chem. Phys. Lett. 22, 433 (1973).
27. P. O. Heden, H. Lofgren, and S. B. Hagstrom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 432 (1971). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.432
28. D. J. Peterman and B. N. Harmon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 20, 5313 (1979). 10.1103/PhysRevB.20.5313
29. D. E. Eastman and M. Kuznietz, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1396 (1971). 10.1063/1.1660263
30. B. T. Thole, X. D. Wang, B. N. Harmon, D. Q. Li, and P. A. Dowben, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 47, 9098 (1993). 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.9098
31. C. R. Helms and W. E. Spicer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 21, 237 (1972). 10.1063/1.1654360
32. Y. Takakuwa, S. Suzuki, T. Yokotsuka, and T. Sagawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53, 687 (1984). 10.1143/JPSJ.53.687
33. J. H. Weaver, D. T. Peterson, and R. L. Benbow, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 20, 5301 (1979). 10.1103/PhysRevB.20.5301
34. E. Bertel, F. P. Netzer, and J. A. D. Matthew, Surf. Sci. 103, 1 (1981). 10.1016/0039-6028(81)90097-2
35. J. F. Moulder, W. F. Stickle, P. E. Sobol, and K. D. Bomben, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy edited by, J. Chastain, and, R. C. King, (ULVAC-Phi, Chigasaki, 1995), p. 261.
36. W. C. Lang, B. D. Padalia, L. M. Watson, D. J. Fabian, and P. R. Norris, Faraday Discuss. 60, 37 (1975). 10.1039/dc9756000037
37. B. D. Padalia, W. C. Lang, P. R. Norris, L. M. Watson, and D. J. Fabian, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 354, 269 (1977). 10.1098/rspa.1977.0067
38. P. A. Cox, J. K. Lang, and Y. Baer, J. Phys. F 11, 113 (1981). 10.1088/0305-4608/11/1/014
39. J. K. Lang, Y. Baer, and P. A. Cox, J. Phys. F 11, 121 (1981). 10.1088/0305-4608/11/1/015
40. G. K. Wertheim, Mater. Sci. Eng. 42, 85 (1980). 10.1016/0025-5416(80) 90015-4
41. K. S. Srivastava, A. Chaubey, A. Tandon, K. Sinha, and A. K. Srivastava, Acta Phys. Polonica A 64, 639 (1983).
42. H. Ogasawara, A. Kotani, and B. T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 50, 12,332 (1994). 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.12332
43. G. T. K. Swami, F. E. Stageberg, and A. M. Goldman, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 767 (1984). 10.1116/1.572568
44. B. D. Padalia, J. K. Gimzewski, S. Affrossman, W. C. Lang, L. M. Watson, and D. J. Fabian, Surf. Sci. 61, 468 (1976). 10.1016/0039-6028(76)90059-5
45. D. R. Baer, M. H. Engelhard, D. J. Gaspar, A. S. Lea, and C. F. Windisch, Surf. Interface Anal. 33, 781 (2002). 10.1002/sia.v33:10/11
46. C. L. Chang, S. K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, M. H. Engelhard, V. Shutthanandan, and S. Ramanathan, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 3502 (2009). 10.1021/jp808424g
47. J. A. Rodriguez, M. Kuhn, and J. Hrbek, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18, 240 (1996).
48. M. Gautier, J. P. Duraud, L. P. Van, and M. J. Guittet, Surf. Sci. 250, 71 (1991). 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90710-A (Pubitemid 21697341)
49. L. E. Murr, Phys. Status Solidi 24, 135 (1967). 10.1002/pssb.v24:1
50. Y. Gassenbauer, R. Schafranek, A. Klein, S. Zafeiratos, M. Havecker, A. Knop-Gericke, and R. Schlogl, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 73, 245312 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245312 (Pubitemid 43882723)
51. M. Bagge-Hansen, R. A. Outlaw, M. Y. Zhu, and D. M. Manos, Surf. Interface Anal., (2010).
52. C. M. Younes, G. C. Allen, and Z. Embong, Surf. Sci. 601, 3207 (2007). 10.1016/j.susc.2007.05.032 (Pubitemid 47068723)
53. B. C. Bunker, G. C. Nelson, K. R. Zavadil, J. C. Barbour, F. D. Wall, J. P. Sullivan, C. F. Windisch, M. H. Engelhardt, and D. R. Baer, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 4705 (2002). 10.1021/jp013246e (Pubitemid 35289270)
54. S. J. Splinter, N. S. Mcintyre, W. N. Lennard, K. Griffiths, and G. Palumbo, Surf. Sci. 292, 130 (1993). 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90396-2 (Pubitemid 23717094)
55. A. E. Curzon and H. G. Chlebek, J. Less-Common Metals 27, 411 (1972). 10.1016/0022-5088(72)90073-2
56. M. Gasgnier, Mater. Lett. 9, 161 (1990). 10.1016/0167-577X(90)90146-D (Pubitemid 20670301)
57. E. D. Gu, H. Savaloni, M. A. Player, and G. V. Marr, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 127 (1992). 10.1016/0022-3697(92)90020-E
58. R. R. Wixom, J. F. Browning, C. S. Snow, P. A. Schultz, and D. R. Jennison, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 123708 (2008). 10.1063/1.2940134
59. J. C. C. Fan and J. B. Goodenough, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3524 (1977). 10.1063/1.324149
60. J. S. Kim, P. K. H. Ho, D. S. Thomas, R. H. Friend, F. Cacialli, G. W. Bao, and S. F. Y. Li, Chem. Phys. Lett. 315, 307 (1999). 10.1016/S0009-2614(99) 01233-6
61. D. R. Jennison, P. A. Schultz, and J. P. Sullivan, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 69, 41405 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.041405
62. P. D. C. King, R. L. Lichti, Y. G. Celebi, J. M. Gil, R. C. Vilao, H. V. Alberto, J. P. Duarte, D. J. Payne, R. G. Egdell, I. McKenzie, C. F. McConville, S. F. J. Cox, and T. D. Veal, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 80, 081201 (2009). 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.081201
63. G. H. Enevoldsen, H. P. Pinto, A. S. Foster, M. C. R. Jensen, W. A. Hofer, B. Hammer, J. V. Lauritsen, and F. Besenbacher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 136103 (2009). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103
64. K. Xiong, J. Robertson, and S. J. Clark, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083710 (2007).
65. S. Luo, S. Kohiki, K. Okada, A. Kohno, T. Tajiri, M. Arai, S. Ishii, D. Sekiba, M. Mitome, and F. Shoji, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2, 663 (2010). 10.1021/am9006676
66. B. I. Lundqvist, O. Gunnarsson, H. Hjelmberg, and J. K. Norskov, Surf. Sci. 89, 196 (1979). 10.1016/0039-6028(79)90608-3
67. A. Borgschulte, R. Gremaud, and R. Griessen, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 78, 094106 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094106
68. A. Remhof and A. Borgschulte, Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2440 (2008). 10.1002/cphc.200800573
69. See supplementary material http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3590335 E-JAPIAU-109-162109 for supplemental information includes high resolution spectra of the valence band as well as more details on O(1s) spectra and peak fitting.