The manifestation of oxygen contamination in ErD 2 thin films

Journal of Materials Research

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1868-1879

  Parish, Chad M ^a   Snow, Clark S ^a   Brewer, Luke N ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIFFRACTION SPOTS; DIHYDRIDE; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL ORIENTATIONS; ERBIUM OXIDE; FLUORITE STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION TEM; HYDROGEN ORDERING; IN-SITU HEATING; MATRIX; NANO INCLUSION; NANOSCALE OXIDES; OXIDE LAYER; OXYGEN CONTAMINATION; SELECTED AREA ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; STORAGE OF HYDROGEN; TEM; THERMODYNAMIC PREDICTIONS;

ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; ELECTRONS; ERBIUM; FLUORSPAR; HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN STORAGE; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; OXYGEN; THIN FILMS;

HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 67649513902     PISSN: 08842914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0217     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. B. Sakintuna, F. Lamari-Darkrim, and M. Hirscher: Metal hydride materials for solid hydrogen storage: A review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1121 (2007).
2. F.E. Lynch: Metal hydride practical applications. J. Less-Common Met. 172-174, 943 (1991).
3. G.W. Crabtree and M.S. Dresselhaus: The hydrogen fuel alternative. MRS Bull. 33,421 (2008).
4. W. Grochala and P.P. Edwards: Thermal decomposition of the non-interstitial hydrides for the storage and production of hydrogen. Chem. Rev. 104, 1283 (2004).
5. P. Chen and M. Zhu: Recent progress in hydrogen storage. Mater. Today 11, 36 (2008).
6. J.L. Provo: Effects of vacuum processing erbium dideuteride-ditritide films deposited on chromium underlays on copper substrates. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 230 (1979).
7. P.A. Dow, G.W. Briers, M.A.P. Dewey, and D.S. Stark: Structure of erbium deuteride targets for neutron generators. Nucl. Instrum. Methods 60, 293 (1968).
8. H.T. Bach, F.J. Steinkruger, W.S. Chamberlin, and C.R. Walthers: Quantitative analysis of deuterium and tritium in erbium hydride films of neutron tube targets. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 22, 1738 (2004).
9. D.L. Chichester and J.D. Simpson: Compact accelerator neutron generators. Industr. Physicist 9, 22 (2003-2004).
10. I. Gabis, E. Evard, A. Voyt, I. Chernov, and Y. Zaika: Kinetics of decomposition of erbium hydride. J. Alloys Compd. 356,353 (2003).
11. E.J. Fernandez and D.M. Holloway: Oxidation studies of erbium hydride system. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11, 612 (1974).
12. D.J. Mitchell and R.C. Patrick: Temperature dependence of helium release from erbium tritide films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 19, 236 (1981).
13. C.R. Tewell and S.H. King: Observation of metastable erbium trihydride. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 2597 (2006).
14. A.E. Curzon and H.G. Chlebek: Observation of face centered cubic erbium in thin-films and its oxidation. J. Less-Common Met. 27,411 (1972).
15. M.S. Rahman Khan: Epitaxial growth of erbium dihydride films. Thin Solid Films 113, 207 (1984).
16. M.S. Rahman Khan and R.F. Miller: The growth and structure of epitaxial films of the rare-earth dihydrides. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 12,271 (1979).
17. R.S. Blewer and J.K. Maurin: Dimensional expansion and surface microstructure in helium-implanted erbium and erbium-hydride films. J. Nucl. Mater. 44, 260 (1972).
18. J.W. Guthrie, L.C. Beavis, D.R. Begeal, and W.G. Perkins: Properties of hydride-forming metals and of multilayer hydrogen permeation barriers. J. Nucl. Mater. 53, 313 (1974).
19. E.D. Gu, H. Savaloni, M.A. Player, and G.V. Marr: Characterization of evaporated erbium films at various stages of growth. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 127 (1992).
20. 3 due to hydrogen treatment. Appl. Phys. A 35, 263 (1984).
21. 2 thin films. J. Nucl. Mater. 350, 147 (2006).
22. x films. J. Nucl. Mater. 374, 147 (2007).
23. P. Vajda: Hydrogen ordering and metal-semiconductor transitions in superstoichiometric rare earth dihydrides. J. Alloys Compd. 231, 170 (1995).
24. R.T. DeHoff: Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993).
25. D.M. Holloway: The quantitative determination of surface oxide thickness on deposited metal films by combination auger spectrosco-py and inert gas ion bombardment. Appl. Spectrosc. 27,95 (1973).
26. D.F. Cowgill: Helium nano-bubble evolution in aging metal tri-tides. Fus. Sci. Technol. 48, 539 (2005).
27. E. Fromm and H. Uchida: Effect of oxygen sorption layers on the kinetics of hydrogen absorption by tantalum at 77-700 K. J. Less-Common Met. 66, 77 (1979).
28. H. Wenzl, K-H. Klatt, P. Meuffels, and K. Papathanassopoulos: Hydrogen storage in thin film metal hydrides. J. Less-Common Met. 89, 489 (1983).
29. I.P. Jain, B. Devi, and A. Williamson: Hydrogen in UHV deposited FeTi thin films. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26, 1183 (2001).
30. 2 films. Fus. Sci. Technol. 48, 601 (2005).
31. R. Brydson: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (Royal Microscopical Society Handbook #48) (BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 2001).
32. G. Kothleitner and F. Hofer: Optimization of the signal to noise ratio in EFTEM elemental maps with regard to different ioniza-tion edge types. Micron 29, 349 (1998).
33. J. Mayer: Nanoscale analysis by energy-filtering TEM, in Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Vol. 123, edited by P.W. Hawkes (Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2002), p. 399.
34. P.J. Thomas and P.A. Midgley: An introduction to energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. Top. Catal. 21, 109 (2002).
35. D.B. Williams and C.B. Carter: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Plenum, New York, 1996).
36. I.P. Jain, Y.K. Vijay, L.K. Malhotra, and K.S. Uppadhyay: Hydrogen storage in thin-film metal hydride-A review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 13, 15 (1988).
37. E.J. Grier, A.K. Petford-Long, and R.C.C. Ward: Determination of hydrogen ordering within the ss-RH2 + x phase (R = Ho, Y) using electron diffraction techniques. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 1246(2000).
38. J.A. Goldstone, J. Eckert, P.M. Richards, and E.L. Venturini: Temperature and concentration-dependence of hydrogen site occupancy in several rare-earth dihydrides. Phys. B + C (Amsterdam) 136, 183 (1986).
39. 2+x compounds through electrical- resistivity measurements. Phys. Rev. B 36, 8669 (1987).
40. 2+x. Phys. Rev. B 49, 6481 (1994).
41. 2+x. Phys. Rev. B 50, 7144 (1994).
42. (2+x). Phys. Rev. B 49, 3275 (1994).
43. T.J. Udovic, J.J. Rush, and I.S. Anderson: Neutron spectroscopic comparison of b-phase rare-earth hydrides. J. Alloys Compd. 231, 138 (1995).
44. 2+x. Phys. Rev. B 53, 581 (1996).
45. T.J. Udovic, Q. Huang, and J.J. Rush: Hydrogen and deuterium site separation in fcc-based mixed-isotope rare-earth hydrides. Phys. Rev. B 61, 6611 (2000).
46. M. De Graef: Introduction to Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003).