Influence of processing additives to nano-morphology and efficiency of bulk-heterojunction solar cells: A comparative review

Solar Energy

Volumn 85, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1226-1237

  Pivrikas, Almantas ^a   Neugebauer, Helmut ^a   Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar ^a  

^a JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

Bulk heterojunction; Chemical additives; Interpenetrating network; Nano morphology; Organic solar cells; Processing additives

Indexed keywords

BULK HETEROJUNCTION; CHEMICAL ADDITIVES; INTERPENETRATING NETWORKS; NANOMORPHOLOGIES; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL;

APPROXIMATION THEORY; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; EFFICIENCY; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS; SOLAR CELLS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION; SOLVENTS;

HETEROJUNCTIONS;

ACCELERATION; ELECTRODE; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; LITERATURE REVIEW; PERCOLATION; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; POLYMER; RESEARCH WORK; SOLAR POWER;

EID: 79956118101     PISSN: 0038092X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.10.012     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Alargova R.G., Deguchi S., Tsujii K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123:10460.
2. Arkhipov V.I., Emelianova E.V., Adriaenssens G.J. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64:125125.
3. Arkhipov V.I., Heremans P., Bassler H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82:4605.
4. Ashtiani S.J., Chaji G.R., Nathan A. J. Display Technol. 2007, 3:36.
5. Bao Z., Lovinger A.J., Dodabalapur A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 69:3066.
6. Bassler H. Phys. Status Solidi B: Basic Res. 1993, 175:15.
7. Bechara R., Leclerc N., Lévêque P., Richard F., Heiser T., Hadziioannou G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93:013306.
8. Berggren M., Gustafsson G., Inganas O., Andersson M.R., Wennerstrom O., Herberg T. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 65:1489.
9. Borsenberger P.M., Pautmeier L.T., Bässler H. Phys. Rev. B 1993, 48:3066.
10. Brabec C.J., Durrant J.R. MRS Bull. 2008, 33:670.
11. Brabec C.J., Zerzaa G., Cerullob G., De Silvestrib S., Luzzatic S., Hummelend J.C., Sariciftci N.S. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 340:232.
12. Brabec C.J., Sariciftci N.S., Hummelen J.C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11:15.
13. Bundgaard E., Krebs F.C. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2007, 91:954.
14. Burroughes J.H., Bradley D.D.C., Brown A.R., Marks R.N., Mackay K., Friend R.H., Burns P.L., Holmes A.B. Nature 1990, 347:539.
15. Camaioni N., Ridolfi G., Casalbore-Miceli G., Possamai G., Maggini M. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14:1735.
16. Campbell A.R., Hodgkiss J.M., Westenhoff S., Howard I.A., Marsh R.A., McNeill C.R., Friend R.H., Greenham N.C. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:3942.
17. Chamberlain G.A. Solar Cells 1983, 8:47.
18. Chen F.C., Xu Q., Yang Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:3181.
19. Chen F.C., Tseng H.C., Ko C.J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92:103316.
20. Chen H.Y., Yang H., Yang G., Sista S., Zadoyan R., Li G., Yang Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:7946.
21. Chen L.M., Hong Z., Li G., Yang Y. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21:1434.
22. Cho S., Lee J.K., Moon J.S., Yuen J., Lee K., Heeger A.J. Org. Electron. 2008, 9:1107.
23. Chu C.-W., Yang H., Hou W.-J., Huang J., Li G., Yang Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92:103306.
24. Coates N.E., Hwang I.W., Peet J., Bazan G.C., Moses D., Heeger A.J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93:072105.
25. Coropceanu V., Cornil J., da Silva Filho D.A., Olivier Y., Silbey R., Brédas J.L. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107:926.
26. De S., Pascher T., Maiti M., Jespersen K.G., Kesti T., Zhang F.L., Inganas O., Yartsev A., Sundstrom V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129:8466.
27. Dennler G., Mozer A.J., Juška G., Pivrikas A., Österbacka R., Fuchsbauer A., Sariciftci N.S. Org. Electron. 2006, 7:229.
28. Dennler G., Scharber M.C., Ameri T., Denk P., Forberich K., Waldauf C., Brabec C.J. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:579.
29. Dittmer J.J., Marseglia E.A., Friend R.H. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12:1270.
30. Egbe D.A.M., Tekin E., Birckner E., Pivrikas A., Sariciftci N.S., Schubert Ulrich S. Macromolecules 2007, 40:7786.
31. Erb T., Zhokhavets U., Gobsch G., Raleva S., Stuhn B., Schilinsky P., Waldauf C., Brabec C.J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15:1193.
32. Fishchuk I.I., Kadashchuk A.K., Bässler H., Weiss D.S. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66:205208.
33. Forrest S.R. Nature 2004, 6986:911.
34. Forrest S.R. MRS Bull. 2005, 30:28.
35. Gunes S., Neugebauer H., Sariciftci N.S. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107:1324.
36. Halls J.J.M., Walsh C.A., Marseglia E.A., Friend R.H., Moratti S.C., Holmes A.B. Nature 1995, 376:498.
37. Hoppe H., Sariciftci N.S. J. Mater. Res. 2004, 19:7.
38. Hoppe H., Sariciftci N.S. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16:45.
39. Hoppe H., Sariciftci N.S. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16:56.
40. Hoppe H., Sariciftci N.S., Meissner D. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2002, 385:113.
41. Hoppe H., Niggemann M., Winder C., Kraut J., Hiesgen R., Hinsch A., Meissner D., Sariciftci N.S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14:1005.
42. Hoppe H., Glatzel T., Niggemann M., Schwinger W., Schaeffler F., Hinsch A., Lux-Steiner M.C., Sariciftci N.S. Thin Solid Films 2006, 511:587.
43. Horowitz G. Adv. Mater. 1998, 10:365.
44. Hou J., Chen H.-Y., Zhang S., Li G., Yang Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130:16144.
45. Hwang I.W., Soci C., Moses D., Zhu Z.G., Waller D., Gaudiana R., Brabec C.J., Heeger A.J. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:2307.
46. Hwang I.W., Cho S., Kim J.Y., Lee K., Coates N.E., Moses D., Heeger A.J. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104:033706.
47. Hwang I.W., Moses D., Heeger A.J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:4350.
48. Juška G., Arlauskas K., Viliunas M., Kocka J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84:4946.
49. Juška G., Genevicius K., Arlauskas K., Österbacka R., Stubb H. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 65:233208.
50. Juška G., Genevicius K., Österbacka R., Arlauskas K., Kreouzis T., Bradley D.D.C., Stubb H. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67:081201.
51. Juška G., Arlauskas K., Sliauzys G., Pivrikas A., Mozer A.J., Sariciftci N.S., Scharber M., Österbacka R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87:222110.
52. Juška G., Sliauzys G., Genevicius K., Arlauskas K., Pivrikas A., Scharber M., Dennler G., Sariciftci N.S., Österbacka R. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74:115314.
53. Juška G., Genevicius K., Sliauzys G., Pivrikas A., Scharber M., Österbacka R. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 101:114505.
54. Kersting R., Lemmer U., Deussen M., Bakker H.J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 73:1440.
55. Kim Y., Choulis S.A., Nelson J., Bradley D.D.C., Cook S., Durrant J.R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86:063502.
56. Kim Y., Cook S., Choulis S.A., Nelson J., Durrant J.R., Bradley D.D.C. Synth. Metals 2005, 152:105.
57. Kim K., Liu J., Carroll D.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88:181911.
58. Kim Y., Cook S., Tuladhar S.M., Choulis S.A., Nelson J., Durrant J.R., Bradley D.D.C., Giles M., McCulloch I., Ha C.-S., Ree M. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5:197.
59. Kim J.Y., Lee K., Coates N.E., Moses D., Nguyen T.Q., Dante M., Heeger A.J. Science 2007, 317:222.
60. Koehler A., Dos Santos D.A., Beljonne D., Shuai Z., Bredas J.-L., Holmes A.B., Kraus A., Muellen K., Friend R.H. Nature 1998, 6679:903.
61. Ko C.-J., Lin Y.-K., Chen F.-C. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:3520.
62. Kooistra F.B., Mihailetchi V.D., Popescu L.M., Kronholm D., Blom P.W.M., Hummelen J.C. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18:3068.
63. Lee J.K., Ma W.L., Brabec C.J., Yuen J., Moon J.S., Kim J.Y., Lee K., Bazan G.C., Heeger A.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130:3619.
64. Liang Y., Xu Z., Xia J., Tsai S.T., Wu Y., Li G., Ray C., Yu L. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22:E135.
65. Li G., Shrotriya V., Huang J., Yao Y., Moriarty T., Emery K., Yang Y. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4:864.
66. Li G., Shrotriya V., Yao Y., Huang J.S., Yang Y. J. Mater. Chem. 2007, 17:3126.
67. Li G., Yao Y., Yang H., Shrotriya V., Yang G., Yang Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17:1636.
68. Li L.G., Lu G.H., Yang X.N. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18:1984.
69. Liu J., Shi Y., Yang Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11:1.
70. MacKay S.G., Bakir M., Musselman I.H., Meyer T.J., Linton R.W. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63:60.
71. Ma W., Yang C., Gong X., Lee K., Heeger A.J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15:1617.
72. Ma W., Yang C., Heeger A.J. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:1387.
73. Mihailetchi V.D., Xie H., de Boer B., Popescu L.M., Hummelen J.C., Blom P.W.M., Koster L.J.A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:012107.
74. Miller S., Fanchini G., Lin Y.Y., Li C., Chen C.W., Su W.F., Chhowalla M. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18:306.
75. Moon J., Lee J.K., Cho S., Byun J., Heeger A.J. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:230.
76. Moule A.J., Meerholz K. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:240.
77. Moule A.J., Tsami A., Buennagel T.W., Forster M., Kronenberg N.M., Scharber M., Koppe M., Morana M., Brabec C.J., Meerholz K., Scherf U. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20:4045.
78. Mozer A.J., Sariciftci N.S., Pivrikas A., Österbacka R., Juška G., Brassat L., Bässler H. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71:035214.
79. Mozer A.J., Dennler G., Sariciftci N.S., Westerling M., Pivrikas A., Österbacka R., Juška G. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72:035217.
80. Muhlbacher D., Scharber M., Morana M., Zhu Z., Waller D., Gaudiana R., Brabec C.J. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18:2884.
81. Muhlbacher D., Scharber M., Morana M., Zhu Z.G., Waller D., Gaudiana R., Brabec C. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18:2931.
82. Ohkita H., Cook S., Astuti Y., Duffy W., Tierney S., Zhang W., Heeney M., McCulloch L., Nelson J., Bradley D.D.C., Durrant J.R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130:3030.
83. Österbacka R., Pivrikas A., Juška G., Genevicius K., Arlauskas K., Stubb H. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2004, 4:534.
84. Ouyang J., Xia Y. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2009, 93:1592.
85. Padinger F., Rittberger R.S., Sariciftci N.S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13:85.
86. Palmaerts A., Lutsen L., Cleij T.J., Vanderzande D., Pivrikas A., Neugebauer H., Sariciftci N.S. Polymer 2009, 50:5007.
87. Peet J., Soci C., Coffin R.C., Nguyen T.Q., Mikhailovsky A., Moses D., Bazan G.C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:252105.
88. Peet J., Kim J.Y., Coates N.E., Ma W.L., Moses D., Heeger A.J., Bazan G.C. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6:497.
89. Peet J., Brocker E., Xu Y., Bazan G.C. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:1882.
90. Peet J., Senatore M.L., Heeger A.J., Bazan G.C. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21:1521.
91. Persson N.K., Schubertb M., Inganäs O. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2004, 83:169.
92. Pivrikas, A., 2006. Charge transport and recombination in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Doctoral Thesis, Åbo Akademi University, 2006. ISBN 952-12-1784-7.
93. Pivrikas A., Juška G., Arlauskas K., Scharber M., Mozer A., Sariciftci N.S., Stubb H., Österbacka R. Proc. SPIE 2005, 5938:59380N.
94. Pivrikas A., Österbacka R., Juška G., Arlauskas K., Stubb H. Synth. Metals 2005, 155:242.
95. Pivrikas A., Juška G., Österbacka R., Westerling M., Viliunas M., Arlauskas K., Stubb H. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71:125205.
96. Pivrikas A., Juška G., Mozer A.J., Scharber M., Arlauskas K., Sariciftci N.S., Stubb H., Österbacka R. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94:176806.
97. Pivrikas A., Sariciftci N.S., Juška G., Österbacka R. Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2007, 15:677.
98. Pivrikas A., Stadler P., Neugebauer H., Sariciftci N.S. Org. Electron. 2008, 9:775.
99. Rughooputh S.D.D.V., Hotta S., Heeger A.J., Wudl F. J. Polym. Sci. Part B 1987, 25:1071.
100. Scharber M.C., Wuhlbacher D., Koppe M., Denk P., Waldauf C., Heeger A.J., Brabec C.L. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18:789.
101. Schilinsky P., Waldauf C., Brabec C.J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16:1669.
102. Shaheen S.E., Brabec C.J., Sariciftci N.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78:841.
103. Sivula K., Ball Z.T., Watanabe N., Frechet J.M.J. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18:206.
104. Sliauzys G., Juška G., Arlauskas K., Pivrikas A., Österbacka R., Scharber M., Mozer A., Sariciftci N.S. Thin Solid Films 2006, 511:224.
105. Soci C., Hwang I.-W., Moses D., Zhu Z., Waller D., Gaudiana R., Brabec C.J., Heeger A.J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17:632.
106. Steudel S., Myny K., Arkhipov V., Deibel C., De Vusser S., Genoe J., Heremans P. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4:597.
107. Sun S.S. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2003, 79:257.
108. Sun S.S., Zhang C., Ledbetter A., Choi S., Seo K., Bonner C.E., Drees M., Sariciftci N.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90:043117.
109. Tang C.W., VanSlyke S.A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1987, 51:913.
110. Thompson B.C., Frechet J.M.J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47:58.
111. Troshin P.A., Hoppe H., Renz J., Egginger M., Mayorova J.Yu., Goryachev A.E., Peregudov A.S., Lyubovskaya R.N., Gobsch G., Sariciftci N.S., Razumov V.F. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19:779.
112. van Duren J.K.J., Yang X.N., Loos J., Bulle-Lieuwma C.W.T., Sieval A.B., Hummelen J.C., Janssen R.A.J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14:425.
113. Vanlaeke P., Vanhoyland G., Aernouts T., Cheyns D., Deibel C., Manca J., Heremans P., Poortmans J. Thin Solid Films 2006, 511:358.
114. Wang E., Wang L., Lan L., Luo C., Zhuang W., Peng J., Cao Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92:033307.
115. Wienk M.M., Turbiez M., Gilot J., Janssen R.A.J. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:2556.
116. Wohrle D., Meissner D. Adv. Mater. 1991, 3:129.
117. Xin H., Kim F.S., Jenekhe S.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130:5424.
118. Yang C.H., Qiao J., Sun Q.J., Jiang K.J., Li Y.L., Li Y.F. Synth. Metals 2003, 137:1521.
119. Yao Y., Shi C., Li G., Shrotriya V., Pei Q., Yang Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:153507.
120. Yao Y., Hou J.H., Xu Z., Li G., Yang Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18:1783.
121. Yu G., Gao J., Hummelen J.C., Wudl F., Heeger A.J. Science 1995, 270:1789.
122. Zhang F., Jespersen K.G., Björström C., Svensson M., Andersson M.R., Sundstrom V., Magnusson K., Moons E., Yartsev A., Inganas O. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16:667.
123. Zhang C., Choi S., Haliburton J., Cleveland T., Li R., Sun S.S., Ledbetter A., Bonner C.E. Macromolecules 2006, 39:4317.
124. Zhao Y., Xie Z., Qu Y., Geng Y.H., Wang L.X. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90:043504.